大别造山带毛屋岩体的解体及古地幔性质的厘定

根据详细的地球化学 (特别是稀土元素地球化学 )的研究资料 ,提出大别造山带毛屋岩体应该解体。毛屋岩体不是由多幕式镁铁 超镁铁质层状堆晶作用形成的一套岩石系列 ,而是由橄榄岩类、含石榴石方辉岩类、榴辉岩类和绿辉石岩类组成的一个混杂岩体。其中含石榴石方辉岩类与绿辉石岩类之间存在成因上的联系 ,含石榴石方辉岩类的原岩是本区原始地幔经约36 %的部分熔融后剩下的残余 ,而绿辉石岩的原岩是由该熔融体结晶的产物。根据含石榴石方辉岩与绿辉石岩之间的成分制约关系 ,对该区古地幔的稀土元素组成和地幔性质进行了反演 ,结果表明 ,该区原始地幔稀土元素成分与球粒陨石中的相似 ,为轻稀土略亏损的平坦型组成模式 ;该区原始地幔矿物成分为橄榄石 (72 8% )、单斜辉石 (12 4% )和石榴石 (14 8% ) ,属含单辉石榴橄榄岩的地幔。     

东天山-北山造山带中大型韧性剪切带属性及形成演化时限与过程

塔里木盆地北缘的东天山-北山造山带中发育多条近E-W走向的大型韧性剪切带,它们构成了造山带中不同地体单元的主要边界,是碰撞造山及造山后的产物。本文在野外调查基础上,通过微观/宏观构造、几何学/运动学/动力学/年代学相结合的研究、厘定了东天山北山造山带中的7条大型韧性剪切带,阐述了剪切带的延伸、规模、剪切变形特征、变形条件以及形成与演化时限。并讨论了这7条不同类型韧性剪切带的形成过程以及东天山和北山古生代造山过程中所起的重要作用。     

海南岛晚新生代石山组橄榄玄武岩的地幔源区组成及动力学机制

南海北部边缘新生代玄武岩广泛分布,分布于海南岛北部的全新世早期石山组玄武岩,岩石组成为碱性橄榄玄武岩,其中可见较大颗粒的橄榄石斑晶,橄榄石斑晶具有较高的Fo值(82.8～83.5)和Ni含量(0.14%～0.20%)。橄榄玄武岩的微量元素及同位素组成与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)高度吻合,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba和轻稀土元素,同时富集高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr和Hf。矿物组成及主微量元素特征指示其源区为含石榴子石辉石岩源区,经历了较低程度的部分熔融(约5%)。此外,石山组橄榄玄武岩具有基本一致的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成,表明岩浆在上升过程中没有明显的地壳物质的混染,但是相比正常洋中脊玄武岩(MORB),石山组橄榄玄武岩具有较高的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr比值,较低的ε_Nd(t)值,以及较高的²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb(15.639～15.643)和²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb(38.977～38.996)比值,说明其源区为亏损地幔(DM)和富集地幔端元(...     

大别-苏鲁造山带南北两侧晚中生代富钾火山岩的成因：微量元素及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素制约

大别-苏鲁造山带南、北两侧广泛发育晚中生代富钾火山岩，主要岩石组合为粗面玄武岩-玄武粗安岩-粗安岩-安粗岩姐面岩，这套岩石总体具有富碱、富钾、富轻稀土和大离子亲石元素(如Rb、Th等)，贫高场强元素(如Nb、Ti等)，(^87Sr／^86Sr)，值偏高，εNd(t)值偏低等特点，但南、北两侧富钾火山岩的地球化学特征存在较显著的差异，主要表现在造山带北侧富钾火山岩稀土总量更高，轻、重稀土分异更明显，且(^87Sr／^86Sr)，值更高，eNd(t)值和^206Pb/^204Pb值显著偏低。元素-同位素综合示踪显示，区内富钾火山岩均起源于富集地幔的部分熔融，但南、北两侧源区地幔的富集机制存在差异，南侧富集地幔的形成主要与俯冲洋壳析出流体的交代作用有关，而北侧富集地幔的形成除受到俯冲洋壳析出流体的交代作用外，在更大程度上主要起因于俯冲的扬子陆壳析出流体的交代作用，即其源区遭受了多次富集事件的影响，后者是导致南、北两侧富钾火山岩地球化学特征差异的主要原因。     

造山带岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床的混染模式 ——以天山-北山二叠纪铜镍矿为例

造山带铜镍矿床的地幔源区均经历过不同程度的俯冲交代作用和复杂的源区混染历史,造山带铜镍矿带内大量个体差异的矿床为源区和壳内混染的多样性提供了研究实例.中亚造山带天山-北山地区是中国众多造山带内铜镍矿数量最多、分布最广、总体储量最大的地域,这些矿化岩体普遍体现Nb-Ta亏损、高18O和锆石O-Hf同位素离散的特征,该宏大...     

西南天山托云地区白垩纪-早第三纪玄武岩地球化学及其成因机制

托云玄武岩主要分布于托云盆地东侧，按形成时代可分为白垩纪玄武岩和早第三纪玄武岩。白垩纪玄武岩包括早白垩世玄武岩和晚白垩世玄武岩，以碱玄岩和碱性橄榄玄武岩为主，碱性程度高；早第三纪玄武岩包括早第三纪玄武岩及脉岩，以碱性橄榄玄武岩、碱性橄榄辉绿岩为主，碱性程度低。所有岩石稀土元素(REE)、微量元素分布模式相似，REE均为向右陡倾型，富集不相容元素。白垩纪玄武岩的∑REE、Rb、Ba、Th、K、Sr、Nb和Ta等元素富集程度均高于早第三纪玄武岩，相容元素富集程度大体较低。微量元素和同位素特征显示，玄武岩起源于与洋岛玄武岩源区相似的富集地幔源。玄武岩中赋存有交代地幔捕虏体，这表明玄武岩浆可能是交代地幔经不同程度部分熔融的产物。微量元素的特征同时显示，早白垩世玄武岩部分熔融程度较低，早第三纪玄武岩部分熔融程度较高，且在不断的部分熔融过程中，形成的岩浆又有结晶分异作用发生。托云玄武岩形成于大陆板内拉伸环境，在形成过程中经历了较弱的壳幔相互作用。     

西天山造山带晚古生代构造演化和成矿作用

西天山是我国重要的内生金属矿床集中区,其矿种包括有铜、镍、钼、铁、金、锌等,这些矿产在前寒武纪和显生宙的地质历史中分别形成了大量的成矿体系。通过对西天山成矿地质背景和成矿类型的研究,厘定了5种内生金属矿床类型：1）岩浆型铜镍矿床;2）斑岩铜钼矿床;3）火山岩型铁矿床;4）浅成低温热液型金矿床;5）造山型金铜矿床。典型矿床有菁布拉克铜镍矿床、达巴特铜钼矿床、喇嘛苏铜矿床、敦德铁锌矿床、备战铁矿床、阿希金矿、伊尔曼得金矿床和卡特巴阿苏金矿床等。从构造上看,这些矿床的发育与西天山造山带的增生和汇聚作用密切相关。矿床的形成经历了3个主要阶：早志留世,南天山洋北向俯冲于伊犁—中天山地块之下,形成与铜镍矿床有关的菁布拉克岩体;早-晚石炭世,由于北向俯冲作用,形成了斑岩型铜金矿床、低温热液型金矿床和火山岩型铁矿床;晚石炭世早期,南天山洋壳可能被消耗殆尽,导致了塔里木克拉通与南天山造山带的碰撞。大花岗岩体广泛分布于北天山增生楔和伊犁—中天山地块,并伴随造山型的金矿床形成。     

Lithospheric structure and dynamic processes of the Tianshan orogenic belt and the Junggar basin

Located at the center of the Eurasian continent and accommodating as much as 44% of the present crustal shortening between India and Siberia, the Tianshan orogenic belt (TOB) is one of the youngest (<20 Ma) and highest (elevation>7000 m) orogenic belts in the world. It provides a natural laboratory for examining the processes of intracontinental deformation. In recent years, wide angle seismic reflection/refraction profiling and magnetotelluric sounding surveys have been carried out along a geoscience transect which extends northeastward from Xayar at the northern margin of the Tarim basin (TB), through the Tianshan orogenic belt and the Junggar basin (JB), to Burjing at the southern piedmont of the Altay Mountain. We have also obtained the 2D density structure of the crust and upper mantle of this area by using the Bouguer anomaly data of Northwestern Xinjiang. With these surveys, we attempt to image the 2D velocity and the 2D electric structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Tianshan orogenic belt and the Junggar basin. In order to obtain the small-scale structure of the crust–mantle transitional zone of the study area, the wavelet transform method is applied to the seismic wide angle reflection/refraction data. Combining our survey results with heat flow and other geological data, we propose a model that interprets the deep processes beneath the Tianshan orogenic belt and the Junggar basin.Located between the Tarim basin and the Junggar basin, the Tianshan orogenic belt is a block with relatively low velocity, low density, and partially high resistivity. It is tectonically a shortening zone under lateral compression. A detachment exists in the upper crust at the northern margin of the Tarim basin. Its lower part of the upper crust intruded into the lower part of the upper and the middle crust of the Tianshan, near the Korla fault; its middle crust intruded into the lower crust of the Tianshan; and its lower crust and lithospheric mantle subducted into the upper mantle of the Tianshan. In these processes, the mass of the lower crust of the Tarim basin was carried down to the upper mantle beneath the Tianshan, forming a 20-km-thick complex crust–mantle transitional zone composed of seven thin layers with a lower than average velocity. The thrusting and folding of the sedimentary cover, the intrusive layer in the upper and middle crust, and the mass added by the subduction of the Tarim basin into the upper mantle of the Tianshan are probably responsible for the crustal thickening of the Tianshan. Due to the important mass deficiency in the crust and the upper mantle of the Tianshan, buoyancy must occur and lead to rapid ascent of the Tianshan.The episodic tectonic uplift of the Tianshan and tectonic subsidence of the Junggar basin are closely related to the evolution of the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic Tethys.     

阿尔泰造山带北段晚三叠世早期岩浆作用成因及其对构造体制转换的制约

对阿尔泰造山带北段南缘出露的塔尔萨依岩体二云母正长花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年, 获得其 206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为235±2 Ma(MSWD=0.46), 表明该花岗岩为晚三叠世早期岩浆活动的产物。全岩地球化学分析结果显示, 塔尔萨依岩体的二云母正长花岗岩和二云母二长花岗岩均具有高硅、高钾、低镁、低钛特征, 里特曼指数(σ)和铝饱和指数(A/CNK)分别大于2和1.1, 为高钾钙碱性强过铝质花岗岩。此外, 两类花岗岩均富集轻稀土元素和Rb、Th等微量元素, 亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Yb和Y。其低的Mg#值、Cr和Ni含量, 以及中等的CaO/Na2O和低的Al2O3/TiO2值, 表明研究区花岗岩形成于同碰撞构造环境。结合前人已有研究成果, 认为阿尔泰造山带三叠纪的构造体制转变在时空上存在差异, 整体表现出东—中段由挤压环境进入伸展构造背景的时间较北部早的趋势。     

Petrogenesis and geodynamic implications of the Late Carboniferous felsic volcanics in the Bogda belt,Chinese Northern Tianshan

An integrated study on petrology and geochemistry has been carried out on the Late Carboniferous I-type felsic volcanics of the Liushugou Formation in the Bogda belt to constrain the late Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Bogda belt. The felsic volcanics were dated to be 315 to 319 Ma and are composed of trachy-andesite–trachyte ignimbrites and rhyolite lavas. They are in conformable contact with high-Al basalt. The eruption of the felsic volcanics and high-Al basalt is not bimodal volcanism, but is related to bimodal magma (basaltic and rhyolitic magmas). MELTS modeling and comparison with previous basaltic melting experiments indicate that the felsic volcanics are likely produced by partial melting of hydrated mafic crust rather than fractional crystallization of high-Al basalt. It is also supported by relatively large amounts of felsic volcanics to high-Al basalts and remarkably different incompatible element ratios (e.g., Th/Zr, Nb/Zr and U/Zr) of the rocks. The Bogda felsic volcanics have positive ε_Nd(t) values (6.2–7.4), low Pb isotopes and low zircon saturation temperatures, consistent with a derivation from a juvenile crust in an arc setting. The intermediate ignimbrites display melting–mingling textures and abundant feldspar aggregates and have various δEu ratios, indicating that magma mingling and feldspar fractionation processes may have played an important role in the genesis of the ignimbrites. In contrast, the Early Permian felsic rocks in this region are of post-collisional A-type. We therefore propose that the Bogda belt was an island arc in the Late Carboniferous and then switched to a post-collisional setting in the Early Permian due to the arc–arc collision at the end of the Late Carboniferous.     

Crust-Mantle Interaction in Dabie Orogenic Belt, Central China： Geochemical Evidence from Late Cretaceous Basalts

It has been suggested that eclogites in the Dabie orogenic belt are exhumation prod-ucts, which had subducted into the deep-seated mantle and undergone ultra-high pressure meta-morphism during the Triassic. But no direct evidence supports this process except the calculated p-T conditions from mineral thermobarometem. The Late Cretaceous basalts studied in the pres-ent paper, however, have provided some geochemical evidence for crust-mantle interaction in the area. These basalts are distributed in Mesozoic faulted basins in central and southern Dabieorogenic belt. Since little obvious contamination from continental crust and differentiation-crys-tallization were observed, it is suggested, based on a study of trace elements, that the basaltsare alkaline and resultant from batch partial melting of the regional mantle rocks, and share thesame or similar geochemical features with respect to their magma source. In the spider diagram normalized by the primitive mantle, trace element geochemistry data show that their mantle sources are enriched in certain elements concentrated in the continental crust, such as Pb, K,Rb and Ba, and slightly depleted in some HFSE such as Hf, P and Nb. Pb-Sr-Nd isotopic com-positions further suggest the mantle is the mixture of depleted mantle (DM) and enriched one(EMI EMII). This interaction can .explain the trace element characteristics of basaltic mag-mas, i.e.,the enrichment of Pb and the depletion of Hf, P and Nb in basalts can be interpre-ted by the blending of the eclogites in DOB (enriched in Pb and depleted in Hf, P and Nd)with the East China depleted mantle (As compared to the primitive mantle, it is neither en-riched in Pb nor depleted in Hf, P and Nb). It is also indicated that the eclogites in the Dahieorogenic belt were surely derived from the exhumation materials, which had delaminated into thedeep-seated mantle. Moreover, the process subsequently resulted in compositional variation of the mantle (especially in trace elements and isotopes) , as revealed by the late mantle-derivedbasalts in the Dabie orogenic belt.     

东天山花岗岩与造山带演化

文章通过建立花岗岩类类型与地球动力学之间的联系,试图利用分类清楚、测年准确的花岗岩解决本区地壳及造山带演化过程。根据K2O等地壳成熟度的指标,得出了该地区地壳性质由不成熟→半成熟岛弧→成熟陆壳演变;构造环境由不成熟岛弧→成熟的"大陆化"岛弧→大陆碰撞带演化。总结了东天山地区经历了三大地壳演化时期,分别为前寒武纪基底演化阶段陆核及超大陆形成期;古生代古亚洲洋形成演化期和中生代特提斯―印欧板块碰撞阶段板内演化期。反演出了东天山造山带经历了俯冲汇聚及不成熟陆壳形成阶段→弧―陆碰撞及半成熟陆壳形成阶段→碰撞造山及成熟陆壳形成阶段→陆内造山及陆壳改造阶段→中生代板内演化阶段。     

北山造山带黑山头岩体岩石成因及构造意义

正北山造山带处于中亚巨型造山带南缘,是研究中亚造山带增生造山的关键地区之一,研究者对古亚洲洋闭合时间存在较大争议,聚焦点在于泥盆纪古亚洲洋仍在俯冲还是已经闭合?(左国朝等,1990;刘雪亚等,1995;龚全胜等,2005;何世平等,2005;杨合群等,2008;宋东方等,2018)本次工作在黑山头一带发现了一套具典型埃达克岩地球化学特征的中酸性侵入岩,对其开展了U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究,对古亚洲洋俯冲、     

Petrogenesis of Carboniferous adakites and Nb-enriched arc basalts in the Alataw area,northern Tianshan Range (western China): Implications for Phanerozoic crustal growth in the Central Asia orogenic belt

Carboniferous volcanic rocks in the Alataw area, Northern Tianshan Range (Xinjiang), consist of early Carboniferous (ca. 320 Ma) adakites and Nb-enriched arc basalts and basaltic andesites (NEBs), and late Carboniferous (ca. 306–310 Ma) mainly high-K calc-alkaline andesites, dacites and rhyolites. The adakites are calc-alkaline, and characterized by high Na₂O/K₂O (1.52–3.32) ratios, negligible to positive Eu anomalies, strong depletion of heavy rare earth elements (e.g., Yb = 0.74–1.47 ppm) and Y (6.7–14.9 ppm), positive Sr and Ba but negative Nb and Ti anomalies, and relatively constant ε_Nd(T) values (+ 3.4–+ 6.6) and (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i ratios (0.7035–0.7042). Some andesitic and dacitic adakite samples exhibit high MgO contents similar to magnesian andesites. The NEBs are sodium-rich (Na₂O/K₂O = 2.03–8.06), and differ from the vast majority of arc basalts in their higher Nb, Zr, TiO₂ and P₂O₅ contents and Nb/Th, Nb/La and Nb/U ratios, and minor negative to positive anomalies in Ba, Nb, Sr, Zr and Ti. They have the highest ε_Nd(T) values (+ 6.4–+ 11.6) but varying (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i ratios (0.7007–0.7063). The high-K calc-alkaline suite is similar to typical ‘normal’ arc volcanic rocks in terms of moderately fractionated rare earth abundance and distinctly negative Eu, Nb, Sr and Ti anomalies. They have ε_Nd(T) values (+ 1.2–+ 6.4) and (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i ratios (0.7018–0.7059). Geochemically, they are similar to coeval I-type granitoids in the Alataw area. Given the presence of early Carboniferous ophiolites in the Northern Tianshan Range, and the isotopically inappropriate compositions of Proterozoic metamorphic basement in the Alataw area, we argue that the Alataw adakites were most probably related to the melting of young subducted crust of the Northern Tianshan Ocean. The NEBs likely originated from mantle wedge peridotites metasomatized by adakites and minor slab-derived fluids. The later high-K calc alkaline suite was generated by AFC processes that acted on melts derived from a mantle wedge metasomatized by hydrous fluids. The larger range of isotopic compositions exhibited by both the NEB and high-K suite, relative to the adakites, suggests that the mantle wedge was heterogeneous prior to slab- or fluid-mediated metasomatism.Continental crustal growth of the Central Asian orogenic belt was dominated by contributions of the juvenile materials from the depleted mantle prior to 270 Ma and possibly afterwards. The results of this study suggest that other Carboniferous Nb-enriched basalts in the Tianshan Range were generated by subduction processes rather than by intraplate tectonics as previously proposed.     

晚白垩世—古近纪华南蒸发岩矿床形成的构造和气候耦合控制

晚白垩世—古近纪,华南陆相断陷红盆沉积了石盐、硬石膏、钙芒硝等蒸发岩矿床,在部分盆地中还发现深层富钾锂卤水矿床,以及杂卤石矿层等.这些矿床既是晚白垩世—古近纪东亚古气候和构造事件耦合的产物,又记录了这些地质事件,具有重要的研究价值.本文研究华南地区典型蒸发岩盆地的沉积地层学特征,梳理主要蒸发岩矿床的空间分布和地层特征,...