基于双向零电流开关的分布式储能变换器研究

为提高电池利用率及安全性,分布式储能系统采用高频隔离储能变换器实现低压电池模组到高压直流母线的能量双向传输.为使储能变换器在正反两个方向下均具有较高效率,低压大电流一侧在双向运行时可采用零电流开通和零电流关断,以实现零开关损耗.在分析传统双向全桥DC/DC变换器和LLC谐振变换器存在问题的基础上,提出了一种双向零电流开关储能变换器,通过采用非对称占空比控制,可以实现低压侧在正反向时均具有零电流开关特性,有效减小开关损耗,提高变换器的双向运行效率.分析了变换器的功率传输及电压增益特性,推导了软开关实现条件,并对拓扑结构进行改进以改善电流波形,进一步减小损耗.最后通过仿真和实验验证了拓扑结构及双向零电流开关控制方式的有效性.     

具有开关电容单元的电感集成Boost变换器

为提高传统Boost变换器的电压增益,降低开关管电压应力,减小变换器损耗,将开关电容和开关电感应用在传统Boost变换器中,提出一种具有开关电容单元的电感集成Boost变换器。利用开关电感与开关电容替代传统Boost变换器中的储能电感与滤波电容,并对开关电感进行了耦合集成。分析了变换器的工作模态,推导得到了变换器电压增益表达式,并研究了电感串联等效电阻对变换器电压增益的影响;分析了开关管电压应力与电感电流纹波的大小。与传统Boost变换器相比,具有开关电容单元的电感集成Boost变换器的电压增益增加一倍,开关管电压应力减小了一半,电流纹波减小接近1/2。样机实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性,表明具有开关电容单元的电感集成Boost变换器具有优良的综合性能。     

基于变频-移相混合控制的L-LLC谐振双向DC-DC变换器

随着储能系统的不断发展及其在直流分布式系统中的广泛应用,充当储能与直流分布式系统能量交互接口,调节范围宽、运行效率高的双向直流变换器得到深入的研究。提出一种基于变频-移相混合控制的L-LLC谐振双向直流变换器,具备宽泛的增益及功率范围,可实现输入侧开关管的零电压开通和输出侧整流管的零电流关断,运行效率高。对变频-移相控制下L-LLC的运行状态及特性进行了精确的描述分析,从理论层面论证采用变频-移相混合控制的合理性并提出一种简单的变频-移相混合控制实现方法。样机实验结果验证了L-LLC谐振双向直流变换器理论分析的正确性及其在运行效率和调节范围两方面性能的优越性。     

储能系统双向隔离直流变换器新型控制策略

为了实现高压接入低压输出储能系统中三相双向隔离直流变换器的高效应用,设计了一种新颖的控制策略。三相直流变换器中隔离变压器采用星三角连接可减少高压侧电压应力和低压侧电流应力。新方案利用开关频率控制调节直流变换器输出电压,并在高于开关频率点后,结合使用了一种谐振电路的移相算法,以减小特定功率下的开关频率范围。同时,对全功率...     

输入输出共地的三电平变换器

三电平直流变换器不仅可以降低开关管的电压应力，同时还可以大大减小储能电感和电容。但是6种不隔离的三电平变换器的输入输出不共地，其应用范围受到限制。该文引入隔直电容的概念，对这6种不隔离的三电平变换器进行改进，使其输入与输出共地，同时保留其所有优点：①开关管电压应力只有其原型电路的一半：②储能电感和电容可以大大减小。该文以Buck三电平变换器为例进行分析和实验验证。     

基于开关电感的宽电压增益双向DC/DC变换器

此处提出了一种用于储能系统的基于开关电感的宽电压增益双向DC/DC变换器。该变换器在实现双向升降压的同时进一步扩大了双向变换器的电压增益,可以适应不同电压等级的储能电池;相同电压增益下功率器件占空比有效降低,进一步减小了输入电流纹波,有助于提高电池充电性能。分析了放电和充电两种工作模式的工作原理,并搭建实验样机进行验证。实验结果表明在输出电压稳定的工况下,该变换器放电模式可以实现0.5～5倍的电压增益,充电模式可以实现0.2～2倍的电压增益,证明了所提变换器的双向升降压能力和宽电压增益能力。     

非隔离双向直流变换器反步滑模控制方法研究

由于直流电网中直流母线电压的变化对储能系统的运行有干扰,且储能系统采用双向直流变换器调控直流母线电压时会产生严重的非线性问题,导致母线电压不稳定。因此提出非隔离双向直流变换器反步滑模控制方法,构建非隔离双向四端口直流变换器拓扑结构。该变换器采用单向和双向两种工作模式,且采用互补PWM控制方法控制双向直流变换器工作流程,并通过反步滑模变换器结构控制器,确保非隔离双向直流变换器在确定性差、非线性和外围影响状况下的稳定运行。实验验证该方法有效实现了非隔离双向直流变换器反步滑模控制,确保直流母线电压保持稳定,且方法具有较高的鲁棒性。     

基于倍压单元耦合电感高增益DC/DC变换器

提出一种基于倍压单元的新型DC/DC高增益变换器。在传统Boost变换器的基础上引入倍压单元,提高变换器电压增益,并把2个储能电感进行磁集成,减小变换器体积和电感电流纹波。分析了该变换器的工作原理以及工作模态,推导了输出电压增益公式、各二极管和开关管的电压应力以及电感电流纹波。与传统Boost变换器相比,电压增益提高了（3+D）倍,开关管应力电压减小明显,电感电流纹波减小一半。通过仿真和实验,验证了理论分析的正确性。     

基于交错并联软开关双向变换器的研究与分析

基于有源钳位软开关的双向变换器在直流微电网、电动汽车等场合中被广泛应用,为了研究交错并联软开关双向直流变换器的工作效率以及动态响应性能,本文采用基于有源钳位两相交错并联双向Buck/Boost变换器电路拓扑,通过对该变换器不同模式下的工作模态进行分析,并采用状态平均法详细推导了交错并联软开关双向变换器的稳态模型和交流小信号等效模型,最终进行实验验证,结果表明：该电路拓扑中的所有开关管都能在零电压条件下开通,并且交错并联型拓扑结构可以有效地降低输出电感的电流纹波,使得系统的工作效率相比于常规双向变换器拓扑有所提高,最终通过仿真模型验证了本文所建立的小信号模型的正确性,结合负载动态实验得到该系统补偿后的动态响应性能较好。     

基于LLC谐振变换器的双向DC/DC变换器

在储能系统中,谐振型双向DC/DC变换器因为其优异的特性而得到广泛应用。提出一种基于LLC谐振型双向直流变换器,不仅具有LLC变换器高效率等优点,而且具有能量双向传输的能力。在电路中增加一个辅助电感,实现变换器在正向工作与反向工作时拓扑完全相同。变换器结构简单,无需任何辅助缓冲电路便能实现软开关,适合储能系统中能量双向流动的场合。在采用时域分析与基波分析对变换器的电压增益与软开关条件进行分析的基础上,对变换器的参数进行优化设计。搭建一台5 kW的实验样机,实验验证了变换器结构与设计方法的可行性以及运行效率的优越性。     

A single-phase three-level pulsewidth modulation AC/DC converter with the function of power factor corrector and active power filter

A single-phase three-level pulsewidth modulation (PWM) AC/DC converter with the function of power factor corrector and active power filter is proposed to reduce harmonic currents flowing into the power system and to draw a nearly sinusoidal current with unity power factor. The circuit topology of the adopted three-level PWM AC/DC converter is based on a conventional two-level full-bridge rectifier and one AC power switch. The control signals of the power switches are derived from the voltage balance compensator, current controller and detected operation region of mains voltage. A three-level PWM voltage pattern on the AC side of the converter in each half cycle of mains frequency is generated. Computer simulations are implemented to confirm the operation of the adopted converter with the function of power factor corrector and active power filter.     

5kW PWM加相移复合控制双向DC／DC变换器的优化设计

提出了5kW PWM加相移复合控制双向DC/DC变换器的优化设计。根据不同的开关器件MOSFET/IGBT和不同的输入电压42V/380V,依据开关损耗模型设计开关损耗最小的双向DC/DC变换器。根据PWM加相移复合控制的原理.提出了一种新的控制方案。     

二次侧加钳位开关管的ZCS PWM Boost型DC/DC全桥变换器

提出了一种二次侧加钳位开关管的移相控制零电流开关(ZCS) PWM Boost 型DC/DC全桥变换器.该变换器在二次侧加二只用作钳位的辅助开关管,利用恒定的输出电压,通过变压器对一次侧的开关管进行钳位,减小了开关管的电压应力,所有开关管均实现ZCS.本文对该变换器的工作原理进行了详细分析,给出了参数设计的原则.在实验室完成了一台1200W原理样机,实验结果证实了理论分析的正确性.     

新型对称控制方式三相三电平直流变换器

半桥三电平变换器具有开关管电压应力低、易于实现软开关等优点,适用于高输入电压场合。但随着输出功率的提高,开关管的电流应力也随之增加。为降低开关管的电流应力,提出一种新型三相三电平直流变换器,与已有三相三电平变换器相比,该变换器开关管数量大幅减少。采用对称控制方式,所有开关管的电压应力均为输入电压的一半;采用三相电路结构,可降低开关管的电流应力,同时可有效提高输入输出电流脉动频率,进而减小滤波器。制作一台600 V输入、48 V/20 A输出的原理样机,实验结果验证了理论分析的有效性和正确性。     

Multi-input DC/DC converter based on the multiwinding transformer for renewable energy applications

A multi-input DC/DC power converter based on the flux additivity is proposed in this paper. Instead of combining input DC sources in the electric form, the proposed converter combines input DC sources in magnetic form by adding up the produced magnetic flux together in the magnetic core of the coupled transformer. With the phase-shifted pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) control, the proposed converter can draw power from two different DC sources and deliver it to the load individually and simultaneously. The operation principle of the proposed converter has been analyzed in detail. The output voltage regulation and power flow control can be achieved by the phase-shifted PWM control. A prototype converter with two different DC voltage sources has been successfully implemented. Computer simulations and hardware experimental results are presented to verify the performance of the proposed multi-input DC/DC power converter.     

PWM加相移控制的双向DC/DC变换器

该文提出了一种PWM加相移控制的双向DC／DC变换器。该变换器结合了PWM和相移这两种控制技术优点，不但可以减小变换器的电流应力和通态损耗，而且可以拓宽零电压开关的范围。该文详细地介绍和分析了变换器的工作原理，给出零电压开关的条件，最后给出了实验结果。     

Pulse current regenerative resonant snubber‐assisted two‐switch flyback‐type ZVS PWM DC‐DC converter

In this paper, a two‐switch high‐frequency flyback transformer‐type zero voltage soft‐switching PWM DC‐DC converter using IGBTs is proposed. Effective applications for this power converter can be found in auxiliary power supplies of rolling stock transportation and electric vehicles. This power converter is basically composed of two active power switches and a flyback high‐frequency transformer. In addition to these, two passive lossless snubbers with power regeneration loops for energy recovery, consisting of a three‐winding auxiliary high‐frequency transformer, auxiliary capacitors and diodes are introduced to achieve zero voltage soft switching from light to full load conditions. Furthermore, this power converter has some advantages such as low cost circuit configuration, simple control scheme, and high efficiency. Its operating principle is described and to determine circuit parameters, some practical design considerations are discussed. The effectiveness of the proposed power converter is evaluated and compared with the hard switching PWM DC‐DC converter from an experimental point of view, and the comparative electromagnetic conduction and radiation noise characteristics of both DC‐DC power converter circuits are also depicted. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 152(3): 74–81, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20081     

新型电压-电压PWM控制DC/DC变换器的研究

针对传统电压单环PWM控制电洲在输入电压大范围波动时存在输出电压幅值波动大、谐波分量大、动态响应较慢等特点，提出了一种能够适应输入电压大范围波动的新型电压－电压PWM控制策略，并给出了其在Buck电路中的实际应用控制规律。仿真结果表明该新控制策略精度高，效果明显。     

Analysis,design and implementation of a high‐voltage gain DC‐DC converter

An interleaved DC‐DC converter with soft switching technique is presented. There are two converter modules in the adopted circuit to share the load power. Since the interleaved pulse‐width modulation (PWM) is adopted to control two circuit modules, the ripple currents at input and output sides are naturally reduced. Therefore the input and output capacitances can be reduced. In each circuit module, a conventional boost converter and a voltage doubler configuration with a coupled inductor are connected in series at the output side to achieve high step‐up voltage conversion ratio. Active snubber connected in parallel with boost inductor is adopted to limit voltage stress on active switch and to release the energy stored in the leakage and magnetizing inductances. Since asymmetrical PWM is used to control active switches, the leakage inductance and output capacitance of active switches are resonant in the transition interval. Thus, both active switches can be turned on at zero voltage switching. The resonant inductance and output capacitances at the secondary side of transformer are resonant to achieve zero current switching turn‐off for rectifier diodes. Therefore, the reverse recovery losses of fast recovery diodes are reduced. Finally, experiments based on a laboratory prototype rated at 400 W are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An improved full-bridge zero-voltage-transition PWM DC/DC converterwith zero-voltage/zero-current switching of the auxiliary switches

In this paper, a novel full-bridge (FB) zero-voltage-transition (ZVT) pulsewidth modulation (PWM) DC/DC converter topology is proposed. The proposed FB-ZVT PWM DC/DC converter has zero-voltage switching (ZVS) of main switches for the entire line and load range and an advantage of achieving ZVS and zero-current switching of the auxiliary switches using the auxiliary network. The auxiliary network is simply composed of a saturable inductor, auxiliary capacitors, and auxiliary diodes. With the help of the proposed auxiliary network, the improved FB-ZVT PWM DC/DC converter has such characteristics as higher overall system efficiency and better utilization of the auxiliary switches compared with the conventional FB-ZVT PWM DC/DC converter. The operation principles are explained in detail and the several interesting simulation and experimental results verify the validity of the proposed circuit with an 83 kHz 1 kW prototype converter using insulated gate bipolar transistors