纤细角毛藻的光生物反应器培养

采用正交实验的方法,在光生物反应器中对纤细角毛藻 Chaetoceros gracilis的生长进行了研究,结果表明:光照强度、通气率对藻体细胞的生长具有显著的影响,在通气培养条件下,当培养密度较高时,纤细角毛藻细胞不仅能耐受超高光照强度的照射,而且还可以获得很高的生长速度。本实验条件下, -1 7经过 5 d的培养,细胞的比生长速率﹑生物量产量和细胞密度分别达到了 0.74 d ﹑1.13 g/L和 8.1×10 /mL的较高水平。     

3种处理对纤细角毛藻生长及细胞生化组成的影响

纤细角毛藻(Chaetoceros gracilis)是海水养殖育苗过程中重要的饵料生物,其生长速度和营养成分组成对育苗的效率和质量都有重要意义.本研究通过单因子试验研究了温度、盐度和超声波3种处理方式对纤细角毛藻生长、蛋白质和总脂占比的影响.结果表明,温度和盐度都显著影响纤细角毛藻的生长,5~40 min的超声波处理不影响纤细角毛藻的生长;纤细角毛藻生长的最适条件是温度为25℃,盐度为25;3种处理方式对纤细角毛藻的蛋白质和总脂占比都有显著影响,其中超声波处理影响最显著,短时间处理(5 min)能使蛋白质占比达到最高值,长时间处理(40 min)能使总脂占比达到最高值.本研究的实验结果可以作为饵料微藻二段培养所采用条件的参考依据.     

亚硝基肌(NTG)对雨生红球藻的诱变效应

用浓度分别为0，0．5，1，1．5，2，2．5，3，3．5g／L的亚硝基胍(NTG)处理雨生红球藻(Haematococcus Pluvialis)，处理后的藻细胞分别置于100mL三角烧瓶培养，3d后用细胞计数测定抑制率。结果表明，NTG浓度为2．5g／L时生长K值最大，为0．389；藻液的细胞干质量最大．为0．711g／L；虾青素含量也最多，为1．86975 mg／L，之后随着浓度的增加反而下降。     

球等鞭金藻与4种海洋微藻间的化感作用

利用交叉培养的方法,研究了球等鞭金藻与纤细角毛藻、牟氏角毛藻、新月菱形藻和三角褐指藻等4种海洋微藻间的化感作用。并利用高效液相色谱分析了这4种海洋微藻的胞外滤液萃取物。结果表明,(1)球等鞭金藻胞外滤液浓度大于40%时,显著抑制三角褐指藻、新月菱形藻和牟氏角毛藻的生长,而对纤细角毛藻的生长则有明显的促进效果,但当胞外滤液浓度大于80%时则对纤细角毛藻的生长也表现出抑制作用。纤细角毛藻、新月菱形藻、牟氏角毛藻的滤液浓度大于40%时,对球等鞭金藻表现出显著抑制作用,三角褐指藻胞外滤液浓度大于80%时才能抑制球等鞭金藻的生长。(2)4种海洋微藻胞外滤液的萃取物能明显抑制球等鞭金藻的生长。(3)纤细角毛藻、牟氏角毛藻、新月菱形藻和三角褐指藻的胞外滤液分别包含8种、5种、6种和7种物质,同时结果还表明4种海洋微藻产生的抑制球等鞭金藻生长的化感物质并不相同。     

两株硅藻筒柱藻和纤细角毛藻的油脂生产

通过气泡柱光反应器评价了两株硅藻筒柱藻(Cylindrotheca fusiformis)和纤细角毛藻(Chaetoceros gracilis)的生物量、油脂及甘油三脂的积累.结果发现,其生物量与油脂产率相当,脂肪酸组成方面,也均以C16:0和C16:1为主,但是筒柱藻的油脂组成以甘油三酯为主,纤细角毛藻的油脂以单酰甘油酯、磷脂和糖脂为主.通过培养条件的优化,发现相比于降低初始氮元素与硅元素,降低培养液盐度,能够获得更高的生物量、油脂以及甘油三脂产率.通过筒柱藻批次培养最高获得了0.36 g/(L·d)的甘油三脂产率,且甘三酯占收获干物质的50%以上,具有相当好的应用潜力.     

超声辐射对牟氏角毛藻的生物效应研究

设计了一个超声频率，超声功率和辐射时间3因素4水平的正交实验，研究超声辐射对牟氏角毛藻的生物效应。实验结果表明，超声频率对牟氏角毛藻的生物效应显著，而超声功率的辐射时间的影响相对较小，在正交实验所确定的最佳超声辐射条件下，牟氏角毛藻生长速率常数最高可达0．348d^-1，是对照组的1．78倍，并脂肪酸不饱和度最高可达68．4％，比对照组提高5．2％，主要不饱和脂肪酸的百分含量均可得到不同程度的提高。     

球等鞭金藻的培养条件研究

通过分批培养实验研究了氮、磷、铁、硅、碳、维生素B1、B12等营养因子对球等鞭金藻生长的影响,确定了氮、磷、铁、硅、维生素B1、B12对球等鞭金藻生长的必要性,并通过正交实验得出球等鞭金藻生长的最佳配方,即在天然海水中添加NaN03-N 7．5g／m^3,KH2PO4-P 0．5g／m^3,FeCL3-Fe 0．1g/m^3,Na2SiO3-Si0．2g／m^3,B1 100mg／m^3、B12 0．5mg／m^3。     

铅离子对海洋浮游植物生长影响的研究

采用一次培养实验方法,研究了Pb^2 对8种常见海洋浮游植物生长的影响。在Logistic生长模型的基础上,结合Lorentz方程和GaussAmp方程,引入Pb^2 浓度项,建立新的方程来描述Pb^2 存在条件下海洋浮游植物的生长过程,并且通过对实验数据的非线性拟合,验证该方程是合理的。实验拟合结果表明,高浓度Pb^2 (c(Pb^2 )≥2500μg／L)对浮游植物的生长普遍有抑制作用,而较低浓度Pb^2 (c(Pb^2 )≤100μg／L)则易促进赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiuo Hada)、旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus Cleve)、三角褐指藻(Pheodactylum tricormutum Bohlin)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum (Greville) Cleve)、青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolanidica Kylin var tsingtaoensis)、亚心型扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)的生长,它们最佳的促进生长浓度分别为：1991、2523、101、1488、627、509μg／L,但对于海洋原甲藻(Prorocentrum micans Ehrenberg)、裸甲藻(Gymnodinium sp．)的生长没有明显的影响。应用该方程在一定程度上不仅可以根据浮游植物的生长情况．推测相应海区的Pb^2 污染物浓度;而且也可以预测不同浓度Pb^2 条件下,相应海区的海洋浮游植物的生长情况。     

磷酸盐、硝酸盐组成对海洋赤潮藻生长的影响

应用 1次培养实验方法研究了不同组成磷酸盐 (PO4- P)和硝酸盐 (NO3 - N)对新月菱形藻、旋链角毛藻和中肋骨条藻 3种海洋赤潮藻生长的影响。结果表明 ,L ogistic生长模型可以很好地描述不同组成 PO4- P和 NO3 - N条件下 3种海洋赤潮藻生长状况 ,其中拟合相关系数 R2 =0 .95± 0 .0 3。进一步研究表明 ,3种海洋赤潮藻均存在营养盐生长阈值 C*PO4,C*NO3 ,在本文实验条件下新月菱形藻的 C*PO4为 1.72μmol· L-1,C*NO3 为 4 0 .4 2μmol· L-1;旋链角毛藻的分别为 2 .0 7μmol· L-1和 4 4.76 μmol· L-1;中肋骨条藻的分别为 1.13μmol· L-1和 30 .2 6 μmol· L-1。当 PO4- P,NO3 - N初始浓度分别小于其营养盐生长阈值 C*PO4,C*NO3 时 ,随其初始浓度增加会促进 3种赤潮藻生长 ,但当初始浓度大于营养盐生长阈值时 ,随营养盐初始浓度增加反而会逐渐限制其生长。这表明 3种海洋赤潮藻都存在 1个适宜其生长的 (N∶ P) 最佳值 ,其中新月菱形藻的 (N∶ P) 最佳值 =2 0∶ 1,旋链角毛藻的 (N∶ P) 最佳值 =19∶ 1,中肋骨条藻的 (N∶ P) 最佳值 =32∶ 1。     

氮浓度对盐生杜氏藻和纤细角毛藻叶绿素荧光特性及生长的影响

在温度为(23±1)℃,盐度为31,光照强度为5000lx的条件下,用含有不同氮浓度(0μmol/L,55μmol/L,440μmol/L,880μmol/L,1760μmol/L,7040μmol/L)的培养基对中国海洋大学微藻种质库保存的盐生杜氏藻(Dunaliella salina)和纤细角毛藻(Chaetoceros gracilis)进行培养,研究两种微藻在一次性培养过程中,不同氮浓度对其PSⅡ最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、叶绿素含量以及细胞密度的影响。单因子方差分析结果表明,氮浓度对两种微藻的光合作用及生长均有显著影响(P<0.05)。两种微藻的Fv/Fm比值、叶绿素含量以及细胞密度均随着起始氮浓度的增加而增加,在1760μM时达到最大值,其后随着起始氮浓度的增加,上述指标反而下降。多重比较结果表明,盐藻和纤细角毛藻进行光合作用和生长的最适氮浓度都为1760μmol/L。。     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.     

A Tidal Flow Model for the Gulf of Kachchh, India

A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage.     

利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测

<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is     

离子交换—原子吸收光谱法测定海水中痕量铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰

本文介绍了用国产D401型螯合树脂分离富集海水中铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰等痕量元素,并用原子吸收光谱仪测定其含量的方法。讨论了各元素的分离条件选择及干扰元素的影响,并与溶剂萃取法的结果作了比较。各元素检测的定量下限为:铜0.5μg/L、铅0.1μg/L、锌1.0μg/L、镉0.01μg/L、铁2.0μg/L、锰2.0μg/L。方法精密度在4—8％之间,回收率为90—102％。     

Biogeochemistry of Mangrove Soil Organic Matter: a Comparison BetweenRhizophoraandAvicenniaSoils in South-eastern Brazil

Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils.     

A review of orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus fisheries,estimation methods,biology and stock structure

Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year^?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year^?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established.