Ho掺杂BiFeO_3陶瓷的制备及介电性能

采用快速液相烧结法制备Ho掺杂BiFeO3系列陶瓷样品Bi1–xHoxFeO3(x=0,0.05,0.1,摩尔分数),X射线衍射物相分析表明:样品均为三方钙钛矿结构,掺杂微量的Ho3+可以有效消除样品中的Bi2Fe4O9杂相,获得单相Bi0.95Ho0.05FeO3。用HP4294A精密阻抗分析仪测量样品介电特性随频率、温度及偏置电压的变化关系,结果表明:Ho掺杂样品的室温相对介电常数(εr)比未掺杂的显著提高,测量频率为40Hz时,Bi0.9Ho0.1FeO3陶瓷样品的εr提高了1个数量级;观测到样品的介电峰,掺杂后介电峰向低温移动且强度显著增加,表明Ho掺杂在降低样品反铁磁Néel温度的同时增强了磁电耦合效应。讨论样品εr随偏置直流电压的变化关系,掺杂后出现明显的介电回滞现象,Ho掺杂可提高样品的剩余极化强度,改善样品的铁电性质。     

Sm~(3+)和Co~(3+)共掺杂对BiFeO_3多晶陶瓷介电特性的影响

用快速液相烧结法制备Bi0.95Sm0.05Fe1-xCoxO3(x=0,0.05,0.1)陶瓷样品,用X射线衍射仪分析样品结构,用HP4294A型阻抗分析仪分别测量系列样品的介电特性及相对介电常数(εr)随频率(f)的变化。结果表明:掺杂样品主衍射峰与纯BiFeO3相吻合且具有良好的晶体结构;随着Sm3+、Co3+引入,测量频率在1kHz～1MHz,所有样品的εr和介电损耗(tanδ)随测量f的增加而减少,f=10kHz时,Bi0.95Sm0.05FeO3的εr是BiFeO3的40倍。样品的εr、tanδ随Sm3+和Co3+掺量的变化可以在空间电荷限制电流理论框架下进行解释。样品的磁电耦合效应(Me)随磁场、Co3+掺量的增加而增大,其原因系Sm3+与Fe3+或Co3+通过交换相互作用使铁电极化矢量增大所致,其中Bi0.95Sm0.05Fe0.95Co0.05O3呈现较强的磁电耦合效应,其Me在8kOe(1Oe=79.5A/m)磁场的作用下已达到4.2%。     

镨掺杂铁酸铋粉晶的结构和磁性研究

Pr掺杂的BiFeO3粉晶是由溶胶凝胶方法制备的,掺杂浓度为0≤x≤0.5.分别用X光衍射和综合物性测量系统对Bi1-x Prx FeO3粉晶样品的结构和磁性进行了测量和分析。分析结果表明,Pr掺杂与其他稀土元素掺杂明显不同.随着Pr掺杂量的增加,母体BiFeO3的结构由菱形R3c相变为正交Pnma相的过程中,出现了稳定的PbZrO3型正交Pbam过渡相.另外,随着掺杂浓度的增大,Bi1-x Prx FeO3的磁性逐渐增强,剩余磁化强度Mr在相变边界处有最大值,并且在进入Pnma相后逐渐减小。     

La8/9Sr1/45Na4/45MnO3/0.5x（V2O5）复合体系的电输运及磁电阻

用固相反应法制备了 La8/9Sr1/45Na4/45MnO3/0.5x（V2O5）（x = 0,0.04,0.08,0.12,0.16,0.20）系列样品,通过 X 射线衍射谱、扫描电子显微镜、电阻率–温度（ρ–T）和磁电阻–温度（RM–T）的关系,研究了样品的电输运性质及 RM温度稳定性。结果表明：所有样品表现为从高温区绝缘体导电到低温区金属导电的绝缘体–金属相变,随 V2O5复合量增大,绝缘体–金属转变温度 Tp向高温移动;V2O5复合量较小（x≤0.08）时 ρ–T 曲线出现双峰,V2O5复合量较大（x≥0.12）时 ρ–T 曲线双峰消失;所有样品在低温区随温度降低 RM持续增大,表现出低场磁电阻特征,在高温区的本征磁电阻随 V2O5复合量增大而逐渐减小;对于 x = 0.16、0.20 的样品,在 0.8 T 磁场,319～283 K,RM基本保持 6.4%和 5.8%不变。RM温度稳定性的产生原因可能是表面相引起的隧穿磁电阻与体相引起的本征磁电阻竞争的结果。在高温区体相内部双交换引起的本征磁电阻占优势,在低温区界面的磁无序引起的隧穿磁电阻占优势,最终在中间温区产生不随温度变化的 RM。     

(Ba1-xSrx/2Cax/2)TiO3陶瓷的介电弛豫特征和铁电性能

采用传统陶瓷的制备方法,制备了(Ba1-xSrx/2Cax/2)TiO3(x=0.10,0.20,0.40,0.50,0.60)铁电陶瓷.X射线衍射分析表明:x=0.20时,陶瓷样品具有三方、四方共存的晶体结构.不同频率下陶瓷样品的介电温谱显示(Ba1-xSrx/2Cax/2)TiO3材料具有弥散相变的特征,在x=0.60时,(Ba1-xSrx/2Cax/2)TiO3陶瓷具有典型的弛豫铁电体特征.研究发现:当x=0.20时,(Ba1-xSrx/2·Cax/2)TiO3陶瓷材料的矫顽电场达到极小值.基于极性纳米微区理论的观点,进一步研究了弛豫铁电体和具有弥散相变铁电体两者之间的关系,结果表明:仅仅当实验频率和极性纳米微区的弛豫频率相近时,在弥散相变温区内介电弛豫行为才能被观察到.     

Co2O3掺杂对(Na0.8K0.2)0.5Bi0.5TiO3陶瓷结构与电性能的影响

采用传统固相法制备了(Na0.8K0.2)0.5Bi0.5TiO3+xmol%Co3+(BNKT-xCo,x=0-8)无铅压电陶瓷,研究了Co2O3掺杂对BNKT陶瓷的显微结构与电学性能的影响。研究表明:适量的Co2O3掺杂促进了晶粒生长,纯BNKT陶瓷样品在介电温谱上有2个介电反常峰Td和Tm,Co2O3掺杂后使所有陶瓷样品的第一个介电反常峰Td消失,表明Co3+抑制铁电-反铁电相变。室温下样品的介电、铁电和压电性能表明Co2O3起硬性掺杂效应。当x=7时陶瓷样品电性能最佳,其中机械品质因子Qm=498,介电损耗tanδ=2.3%(1kHz),压电常数d33=103pC/N,平面机电耦合系数kp=27%。     

Eu掺杂对Bi5Fe0.5Co0.5Ti3O15陶瓷电磁性能的影响

用传统固相烧结法制备了Bi5–xEuxFe0.5Co0.5Ti3O15(BEFCT–x:x=0,0.35,0.55,0.85)陶瓷样品,对比研究了它们的结构和电磁性能。X射线衍射分析表明:掺杂未导致明显杂相,材料的剩余极化(2Pr)随掺杂量的增加呈先增加后减小的变化趋势,在Eu掺杂量为0.55时,材料的2Pr达到最大值,为11.2μC/cm2,升幅达143%,可以由Eu掺杂导致氧空位的抑制和铋氧层的破坏所形成的竞争机制解释。随Eu含量的增加,材料的剩余磁化单调上升,最大达到0.28 A m2/kg,比未掺杂时增加了2个数量级,从晶格失配、耦合增强以及共生结构等方面的综合效果解释了这一现象。材料的介电温度谱显示,Eu掺杂未明显损害材料的热稳定性,Eu掺杂所导致的介电损耗行为可能与氧空位或其他点缺陷有关联。     

La0.67-xSmxSr0.33MnO3陶瓷中的相分离和输运特性

测量了La0．67-xSmxSr0.33MnO3(x=0．00,0．10,0．20,0．30,0．40,0．50,0．60)陶瓷的磁化强度-温度曲线、电子自旋共振谱曲线和电阻率-温度曲线。实验结果表明：x=0．00,0．10时,样品为长程铁磁有序;x=0．20,0．30时,样品为自旋团簇玻璃态;x=0．40,0．50,0．60时,样品在低温时表现为反铁磁状态;x=0．30和0．40的样品在Curie温度Tc以上温区发生相分离。高掺杂(x=0．60)样品的输运行为发生异常,在Tc附近发生绝缘体-金属相变后,又发生金属-绝缘体相变,这在ABO3结构中很少出现。陶瓷的磁电行为变化取决于掺杂引起的额外磁性和晶格畸变效应。     

Bi掺杂(Ba,Sr,Ca)TiO3陶瓷的结构及介电和铁电性能

采用固相反应技术制备了铋掺杂(Ba1-xCax)0.925Bi0.05TiO3(x=0.10,Bi-BCT)和(Ba1-xSrx/2Cax/2)0.925Bi0.05TiO3(Bi-BCST)(x=0.10,Bi-BSCT)铁电陶瓷,研究了样品的结构、介电和铁电性能。结果表明:在Bi-BCT陶瓷中存在一种弥散的老化效应,点缺陷引起的可逆畴翻转机制能够合理地解释Bi-BCT陶瓷中异常的双电滞回线,这种机制有望进一步解释Bi-BSCT陶瓷中异常的介电行为。     

柠檬酸凝胶燃烧法制备GGG∶Eu3+,Bi3+多晶发光粉体及其表征

本文以Gd2O3、Ga2O3、Eu2O3、Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和柠檬酸为原料,采用凝胶燃烧法制备出GGG∶ Eu3+,Bi3+多晶发光粉体,并对样品进行了XRD、SEM、FT-IR、PL测试.XRD和FT-IR分析结果表明合成的发光粉体均形成GGG相.SEM显示样品晶粒呈球形或类球形,直径约60 nm.PL分析显示样品最强发射峰位于592 nm处,属于Eu3+的5D0-7F1磁偶极跃迁.掺杂Bi3+的样品发光强度明显高于未掺杂Bi3+的样品,而发射峰位置不变,当掺杂的Bi3浓度逐渐增加时,样品GGG∶Eu3+0.05,Bi3+x的发光强度先随Bi3+浓度的增加而不断增强,当体系中掺杂Bi3+的摩尔分数达到x=5％时,GGG∶ Eu3+0.05,Bi3+x的发光强度达到最大值.再之后随Bi3+掺杂浓度的增加发光强度减弱,这可能是因为Bi3+和Eu3+之间的能量传递方式主要是偶极-偶极作用,传递效率主要决定于两种离子间距离.     

Synergistic Interactions of Cannabidiol with Chemotherapeutic Drugs in MCF7 Cells: Mode of Interaction and Proteomics Analysis of Mechanisms

Cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychoactive phytocannabinoid, has recently emerged as a potential cytotoxic agent in addition to its ameliorative activity in chemotherapy-associated side effects. In this work, the potential interactions of CBD with docetaxel (DOC), doxorubicin (DOX), paclitaxel (PTX), vinorelbine (VIN), and 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN−38) were explored in MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells using different synergy quantification models. The apoptotic profiles of MCF7 cells after the treatments were assessed via flow cytometry. The molecular mechanisms of CBD and the most promising combinations were investigated via label-free quantification proteomics. A strong synergy was observed across all synergy models at different molar ratios of CBD in combination with SN−38 and VIN. Intriguingly, synergy was observed for CBD with all chemotherapeutic drugs at a molar ratio of 636:1 in almost all synergy models. However, discording synergy trends warranted the validation of the selected combinations against different models. Enhanced apoptosis was observed for all synergistic CBD combinations compared to monotherapies or negative controls. A shotgun proteomics study highlighted 121 dysregulated proteins in CBD-treated MCF7 cells compared to the negative controls. We reported the inhibition of topoisomerase II β and α, cullin 1, V-type proton ATPase, and CDK-6 in CBD-treated MCF7 cells for the first time as additional cytotoxic mechanisms of CBD, alongside sabotaged energy production and reduced mitochondrial translation. We observed 91 significantly dysregulated proteins in MCF7 cells treated with the synergistic combination of CBD with SN−38 (CSN−38), compared to the monotherapies. Regulation of telomerase, cell cycle, topoisomerase I, EGFR1, protein metabolism, TP53 regulation of DNA repair, death receptor signalling, and RHO GTPase signalling pathways contributed to the proteome-wide synergistic molecular mechanisms of CSN−38. In conclusion, we identified significant synergistic interactions between CBD and the five important chemotherapeutic drugs and the key molecular pathways of CBD and its synergistic combination with SN−38 in MCF7 cells. Further in vivo and clinical studies are warranted to evaluate the implementation of CBD-based synergistic adjuvant therapies for breast cancer.     

关于科研开发效率的思考

作者从认识论和方法论的角度出发，对提高科研开发效率提出如下看法：１．当代的经济竞争，实质是科技产业化能力的竞争。２．研究开发应是从投入到产出的完整系统。３．产业部门的研究开发要面向市场。４．只有充分利用专利保护，才能在国际竞争中赢得主动。５．要保持竞争优势，须把信息工作提到新水平。     

辉光放电电解降解水体中阳离子桃红FG的机理

用辉光放电电解（GDE）技术对模拟染料废水阳离子桃红FG的降解过程进行了研究。通过发射光谱法测定了GDE产生的活性粒子,用紫外光谱和总有机碳（TOC）分析仪研究了不同放电时间下的脱色率和去除率,用电导率仪和酸度计测定了降解过程中溶液的电导率和pH的变化,同时用离子色谱对降解中间产物进行了分析。结合各种分析结果,探讨了GDE降解阳离子桃红FG的机理。结果表明,在最佳电压600 V时,溶液中产生HO·、O·、H·等高活性粒子;放电120 min时,200 ml 20 mg/L阳离子桃红FG的脱色率和TOC去除率分别可达99.0%和72.6%;降解液pH先减小后增大,电导率存在先增大后减小的趋势;离子色谱测试表明,降解过程中产生多种有机小分子酸。羟基自由基（HO·）对阳离子桃红FG的降解起关键作用,GDE降解阳离子桃红FG的机理为：HO·作用下助色基团键断裂,产生酚类等中间产物,然后继续被降解为醌和小分子有机酸,最终矿化为Cl^-、NO₃^-、CO₂和H₂O。     

Interphases in the Adhesive Bonding of Fluoropolymers

Strong and durable adhesive bonds may be made between polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and either cyanoacrylate (CA) or epoxy adhesives, if the PTFE surface is modified by the use of a “primer” such as triphenylphosphine (TPP) or diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM). The primer mixes with the PTFE surface, and the modified surface is then capable of forming an interphase, tens to hundreds of nanometers thick, where interpenetration of the adhesive and adherend occurs. Using CA adhesives, PTFE/CA/PTFE block compression shear bond strength (ASTM D4501-85) of over 10 MPa can be achieved, with failure occurring cohesively. Initial work with epoxy adhesives indicates that the use of DDM primer gives adhesive bonds comparable in strength with those produced by modification of the fluoropolymer surface by sodium naphthalenide.     

玉米肽-麦芽糊精糖基化产物与α-生育酚共组装纳米粒子的制备及其性质

通过美拉德反应制备玉米肽-麦芽糊精糖基化产物,再通过反溶剂法制备糖基化产物与α-生育酚共组装纳米粒子,系统地研究了制备参数对于复合粒子的影响。结果表明,糖基化产物浓度、玉米肽与α-生育酚质量比、pH对于复合粒子的粒度与ζ电位有重要的影响。采用动态光散射、ζ电位观察发现,通过调节制备参数,荷载α-生育酚的玉米肽-麦芽糊精糖基化产物可以形成平均粒度为80～100 nm的纳米粒子,其表面电荷分布在-23～-32 mV之间。与玉米肽、玉米肽/麦芽糊精混合物相比,玉米肽-麦芽糊精糖基化产物对于α-生育酚具有更高的荷载效率以及更好的pH稳定性。     

Participation of Amyloid and Tau Protein in Post-Ischemic Neurodegeneration of the Hippocampus of a Nature Identical to Alzheimer’s Disease

Recent evidence suggests that amyloid and tau protein are of vital importance in post-ischemic death of CA1 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus. In this review, we summarize protein alterations associated with Alzheimer’s disease and their gene expression (amyloid protein precursor and tau protein) after cerebral ischemia, as well as their roles in post-ischemic hippocampus neurodegeneration. In recent years, multiple studies aimed to elucidate the post-ischemic processes in the development of hippocampus neurodegeneration. Their findings have revealed the dysregulation of genes for amyloid protein precursor, β-secretase, presenilin 1 and 2, tau protein, autophagy, mitophagy, and apoptosis identical in nature to Alzheimer’s disease. Herein, we present the latest data showing that amyloid and tau protein associated with Alzheimer’s disease and their genes play a key role in post-ischemic neurodegeneration of the hippocampus with subsequent development of dementia. Therefore, understanding the underlying process for the development of post-ischemic CA1 area neurodegeneration in the hippocampus in conjunction with Alzheimer’s disease-related proteins and genes will provide the most important therapeutic development goals to date.     

小胶质细胞对阿尔兹海默病发生发展的影响作用

阿尔兹海默病(老年性痴呆,AD)是由β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)和微管相关蛋白(Tau)聚集形成的具有毒性作用的寡聚物而引起的老年人主要以记忆力下降和脑部形成老年斑、神经纤维缠绕为特征的神经退行性疾病. 小胶质细胞作为中枢神经系统中的固有免疫细胞,是脑内免疫监视的关键成分,发挥内源性免疫防御作用. 正常生理状态的小胶质细胞能有效吞噬和清除毒性Aβ寡聚体,阻止AD发生. 在AD病理过程中,过度激活的小胶质细胞通过补体依赖途径过度吞噬突触,导致突触丧失,同时大量释放炎症因子,促进Tau相关病理变化,对神经元造成直接损伤,导致认知功能下降. 由此可见,小胶质细胞在AD发生发展过程中起着双刃剑的作用,探明小胶质细胞的极化状态及其在AD疾病机理中的作用将为攻克AD的药物研发提供突破性思路.     

表面张力对自由落体液滴形变的影响

液滴运动过程中的形状变化对液滴的蒸发、燃烧等过程有重要影响,表面张力是影响其形状变化的因素之一。为研究表面张力对液滴形变的影响规律,采用低浓度的表面活性剂(十二烷基苯磺酸钠SDBS)配制表面张力为30~72mN·m^-1的水溶液。利用不同外径的针管得到3~5mm粒径的液滴。高速摄像机(PhantomV211,1000pps,800×600pixel)对这些液滴在自由落体过程中的形变规律进行了可视化实验研究,得到了关于Eötvös数(Eo)的半经验关系式。实验结果表明,液滴在自由落体过程中会形成周期性振动形变,振动周期和振幅随表面张力增大而减小。进一步研究发现,初始时液滴形成并断裂所引起的瞬态冲量使液滴内部动量传递进而表现出周期性振动形变。     

Gender-Dependent Deregulation of Linear and Circular RNA Variants of HOMER1 in the Entorhinal Cortex of Alzheimer’s Disease

The HOMER1 gene is involved in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Recent studies show that circular RNA derived from HOMER1 (circHOMER1) expression is altered in some Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain regions. In addition, HOMER1 messenger (mRNA) levels have been associated with β-Amyloid (Aβ) deposits in brain cortical regions. Our aim was to measure the expression levels of HOMER1 circRNAs and their linear forms in the human AD entorhinal cortex. First, we showed downregulation of HOMER1B/C and HOMER1A mRNA and hsa_circ_0006916 and hsa_circ_0073127 levels in AD female cases compared to controls by RT-qPCR. A positive correlation was observed between HOMER1B/C, HOMER1A mRNA, and hsa_circ_0073128 with HOMER1B/C protein only in females. Global average area of Aβ deposits in entorhinal cortex samples was negatively correlated with HOMER1B/C, HOMER1A mRNA, and hsa_circ_0073127 in both genders. Furthermore, no differences in DNA methylation were found in two regions of HOMER1 promoter between AD cases and controls. To sum up, we demonstrate that linear and circular RNA variants of HOMER1 are downregulated in the entorhinal cortex of female patients with AD. These results add to the notion that HOMER1 and its circular forms could be playing a female-specific role in the pathogenesis of AD.