PVC/木粉复合材料的挤出研究

采用聚氯乙烯(PVC)与木粉制得PVC／木粉复合材料。研究了木粉的含量、偶联剂的类型和含量、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)和抗冲改性剂氯化聚乙烯(CPE)的用量对复合材料性能的影响以及润滑剂含量对加工性能的影响。结果表明,当PVC与木粉用量比为7.0:3.0、偶联剂为木粉用量1.5％、DOP用量为PVC用量20.0％、CPE用量为PVC用量10.0％、润滑剂用量为PVC用量1.2％时,所得复合材料的综合性能较好。     

PVC木塑复合材料的增韧研究

木塑复合材料随着木粉含量的增加冲击韧性降低,一方面是木粉与PVC的相容性差,另一方面是PVC接体本身的冲击强度也不高。该实验通过加入偶联剂提高相容性,研究偶联剂的种类和含量对木塑复合材料冲击韧性的影响;并运用较为成熟的PVC增韧理论,通过正交实验来研究PVC增韧弹性体CPE,ACR和增韧刚性休CaCO3,木粉粒径对木塑复合材料韧性的影响。结果表明：钛酸酯偶联剂含量为3％,木粉粒径大小在40-60目,CPE含量为15％,ACR含量为8％,CaCO3含量为10％时冲击韧性最强。     

表面处理剂对PVC仿木复合材料性能的影响

使用4种不同类型的含高活性反应基团的聚氨酯处理剂对木粉表面进行处理,并制备了聚氯乙烯(PVC)/木粉复合材料,研究了表面处理剂的交联度、不同用量和高活性反应基团—NCO的含量对复合材料性能及结构的影响。结果表明,使用聚氨酯处理剂对木粉表面进行处理可以明显改善复合材料的流变性能,并明显提高复合材料的力学性能;扫描电镜观察表明,木粉经聚氨酯处理剂改性后与PVC的相容性明显得到改善。     

木粉/LDPE复合材料的性能

采用低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)与木粉制得了木粉／LDPE复合材料。研究了木粉用量、表面处理剂种类及用量以及发泡剂用量对复合材料性能的影响；并对化学发泡法减轻复合材料自重的方案做了初步探讨。结果表明：当木粉用量为30份，表面处理剂用量为木粉质量的1．0％时，复合材料的综合性能最佳；添加4份AC发泡剂后，复合材料的密度从0．83g／cm^3降到0．52g／cm^3，化学发泡法可有效减轻材料的自重。     

木粉表面处理对PVC／木粉复合材料性能的影响

使用钛酸酯偶联剂、油酸酰胺、聚氨酯预聚物三种表面改性剂处理木粉并制备了PVC／木粉复合材料，研究了表面改性剂的不同种类和不同用量对复合体系性能和结构的影响。结果表明：几种木粉表面处理剂均可明显提高复合材料的力学性能，其中使用4份聚氨酯预聚体和6份油酸酰胺处理木粉表面的复合体系的力学性能较优；使用表面改性剂处理木粉，也可以明显改善复合体系的流变性能；同时扫描电镜观察也发现同样规律，体系中添加改性剂，PVC与木粉的相容性明显改善，材料性能也有所提高，但表面改性剂用量过多，也会造成木粉团聚，从而影响复合材料的性能。     

木粉填充聚氯乙烯发泡体系的力学性能研究

以聚氯乙烯（PVC）为基体树脂，脂肪酸、铝酸酯偶联剂和丙烯酸烷基酯接枝聚合表面处理的木粉为增强材料制备聚氯乙烯／木粉发泡复合材料。研究了木粉的处理方法和含量以及DOP用量对复合材料力学性能、发泡性能的影响。用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对木粉和PVC基体之间的结合界面进行了观察，发现PVC和处理木粉间形成了结合良好的界面层。     

CPE对PVC/木粉复合材料动态力学性能及耐热性能的影响

为了增强聚氯乙烯(PVC)基木塑复合材料的动态力学性能,加入氯化聚乙烯(CPE)对复合材料进行改性,并探究CPE对PVC基木塑复合材料性能的影响。采用动态力学分析仪(DMA)和维卡软化温度测试仪,对加入CPE的PVC/木粉复合材料进行测试,分析CPE对PVC/木粉复合材料动态力学性能及耐热性能的影响。结果表明:CPE的加入会对PVC/木粉复合材料的动态力学性能产生重要的影响,且CPE含量约为5份时,复合材料的动态力学性能最佳;但维卡软化温度、热变形温度测试结果显示,CPE的加入降低了PVC/木粉复合材料的耐热性,且随着CPE含量的增加,复合材料的耐热性逐渐减弱。     

CaCO3粒子对PVC／CPE／CaCO3复合材料力学性能的影响

采用SEM及材料力学性能试验方法，研究了表面处理剂品种、CaCO3颗粒直径对PVC／CPE／CaCO3复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明：采用平均粒径为1．36μm并经烷氧焦磷酰氧基钛酸异丙酯(NDZ)和端噁唑啉聚醚(ON337)复合偶联剂处理的CaCO3改性PVC／CPE(100／10)复合材料，可使复合材料的缺口冲击强度明显提高，并在CaCO3含量为10份时达到极大值；此条件下被改性材料的Charpy缺口冲击强度提高75％以上，达到46．3kJ／m^2，而其拉伸强度和弯曲强度变化不明显。当CaCO3颗粒尺寸较大时，即使采用NDZ ON337复合偶联助剂处理，此种CaCO3颗粒对PVC／CPE复合材料也不具备明显增韧作用。     

CPE对发泡PVC/木粉复合材料熔体流变性能的影响

采用旋转流变仪,应用小振幅流变测试法研究了抗冲击改性剂氯化聚乙烯（CPE）对发泡聚氯乙烯(PVC)/木粉复合材料熔体流变性能的影响。实验结果表明：角频率（ω）在0.1～100 rad/s之间时,随ω的增大,发泡PVC/木粉复合材料熔体的复数黏度（η*）降低,表现出"剪切变稀"效应,熔体的储能模量（G′）和损耗模量（G〞）随ω的增大而增加;加入5份CPE时,复合材料熔体的G〞明显提高,G′变化幅度较小,熔体的η*增加,促进了PVC的凝胶化;继续增加CPE的用量到10份,发泡PVC/木粉复合材料熔体的G〞和G′降低,η*也降低;随着ω的增加,加入CPE使样品的损耗角正切明显降低,熔体的弹性响应增加。加入10份CPE时,发泡PVC/木粉复合材料的冲击强度提高20 ％。     

助剂对PVC/稻壳粉复合建筑模板性能的影响

主要考察了ACR、CPE和DOP等改性助剂对PVC/稻壳粉复合建筑模板力学性能的影响,结果表明:ACR与CPE对复合材料的冲击强度、拉伸强度和弯曲强度都有一定增强作用;DOP对复合材料的冲击强度和弯曲强度有增强作用,但不利于拉伸强度的提高;ACR、CPE和DOP的最佳用量分别为4 phr、6 phr和6 phr,复合材料的拉伸强度为61 MPa、冲击强度为18.5 k J/m2,弯曲强度可达64 MPa。     

木粉和发泡剂对PVC基木塑复合发泡材料性能的影响

以木粉、聚氯乙烯树脂、发泡剂等为原料,通过连续挤出得到发泡木塑复合材料。对木粉的热失重、复合发泡材料的泡孔形态、力学性能进行了测试。结果表明:发泡剂用量不应超过1phr;在本实验范围内,木粉粒径的减小会使发泡更容易,材料的力学性能得到改善;木粉粒径对泡孔形态和力学性能的影响有一个最佳范围,即20~80目。     

Manufacture of rigid PVC/wood‐flour composite foams using moisture contained in wood as foaming agent

Relatioships between the density of foamed rigid PVC/wood‐flour composites and the moisture content of the wood flour, the chemical foaming agent (CFA) content, the content of all‐acrylic foam modifier, and the extruder die temperature were determined by using a response surface model based on a four‐factor central composite design. The experimental results indicated that there is no synergistic effect between teh CFA content and the moisture content of the wood flour. Wood flour moisture could be used effectively as foaming agent in the production of rigid PVC/wood‐flour composite foams. Foam density as low as 0.4 g/cm³ was produced without the use of chemical foaming agents. However, successful foaming of rigid PVC/wood‐flour composite with moisture contained in wood flour strongly depends upon the presence of all‐acrylic foam modifier in the formulation and the extrusion die temperature. The lowest densities were achieved when the all‐acrylic foam modifier concentration was between 7 phr and 10 phr and extruder die temperature was as low as 170°C.     

木粉粒径对木塑复合材料性能的影响

采用不同粒径的木粉填充高密度聚乙烯制备木塑复合材料，研究了木粉粒径对木塑复合材料力学性能和加工流动性的影响。结果表明：木粉粒径对复合材料性能的影响十分明显，较大粒径的木粉有利于复合材料弯曲性能和冲击强度的提高。木粉粒径从100μm增加到850μm，复合材料弯曲强度增加10．4％，弯曲模量增加56．3％，冲击强度增加14．6％。随木粉粒径的增大，拉伸强度呈现先上升后下降的趋势，在200μm时出现最大值。木粉粒径对熔体流动速率（MFR）和密度的影响十分明显，大粒径的木粉使复合材料具有较高的MFR和较低的密度。     

PVC／木粉复合材料抗冲改性研究

用甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯三元共聚物P（MAA—BA—MMA）对木粉进行预处理,再利用CPE、ACR和nano—CaCO3对PVC／木粉复合材料进行增韧改性。结果表明,木粉经P（MAA—BA—MMA）预处理后,使用ACR增韧时效果最好,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度和断裂伸长率分别提高了7．97％、5．26％、68．85％和571．26％。SEM结果表明,木粉预处理后再增韧,复合材料界面模糊,断面呈一定的韧性断裂特征。     

Foaming of rigid PVC/wood‐flour composites through a continuous extrusion process

The effects of chemical foaming agent (CFA) types (endothermic versus exothermic) and concentrations as well as the influence of all‐acrylic processing aid on the density and cell morphology of extrusion‐foamed neat rigid PVC and rigid PVC/wood‐flour composites were studied. Regardless of the CFA type, the density reduction of foamed rigid PVC/wood‐flour composites was not influenced by the CFA content. The cell size, however, was affected by the CFA type, independent of CFA content. Exothermic foaming agent produced foamed samples with smaller average cell sizes compared to those of endothermic counterparts. The experimental results indicate that the addition of an all‐acrylic processing aid in the formulation of rigid PVC/wood‐flour composite foams provides not only the ability to achieve density comparable to that achieved in the neat rigid PVC foams, but also the potential of producing rigid PVC/wood‐flour composite foams without using any chemical foaming agents.     

Some studies on mechanical properties of wood flour/continuous glass mat/polypropylene composite

The mechanical properties and the surface property of wood flour/continuous glass mat/polypropylene composites have been investigated. The suitability of wood flour as a filler for continuous glass mat–reinforced polypropylene has been tested using different mesh sizes (e.g., 20 and 40 mesh), as well as by varying the weight percentage of wood flour from 0%– 30%. Moreover, different treatments such as coupling agent A‐1100 and functionalized polypropylene grafting with maleic anhydride, and so forth, have also been used to improve the compatibility of wood flour and glass fiber with the polymer resin. In addition, the effects of the surface weight of glass mat and matrix resin have been studied. The extent of the improvement in mechanical properties depends on the wood flour content and size, the surface weight of the glass mat, the matrix resin, and the surface treatment of wood flour. After adding wood flour, the contact angle of distilled water on the composite surface decreases and the polar component of surface tension increases. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 536–544, 2002     

Novel coupling agents for PVC/wood‐flour composites *

Effective interfacial adhesion between wood fibers and plastics is crucial for both the processing and ultimate performance of wood–plastic composites. Coupling agents are added to wood–plastic composites to promote adhesion between the hydrophilic wood surface and hydrophobic polymer matrix, but to date no coupling agent has been reported for PVC/wood‐fiber composites that significantly improved their performance and was also cost‐effective. This article presents the results of a study using chitin and chitosan, two natural polymers, as novel coupling agents for PVC/wood‐flour composites. Addition of chitin and chitosan coupling agents to PVC/wood‐flour composites increased their flexural strength by ～20%, their flexural modulus by ～16%, and their storage modulus by ～33–74% compared to PVC/wood‐flour composite without the coupling agent. Significant improvement in composite performance was attained with 0.5 wt% of chitosan and when 6.67 wt% of chitin was used. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 11:160–165, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers     

不同木粉比例PVC木塑界面的介观模拟以及力学性能预测

研究了DPD(耗散粒子动力学)方法模拟不同木粉比例的PVC木塑中木粉的分布状况,从介观尺度表征了木粉在材料中的聚集状态,通过木粉在木塑材料中的分布情况预测高木粉填充木塑材料的力学性能,并与试验值进行对比,得出当木粉含量达到15%~31.5%可以达到力学性能最优区间。