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制备高比度氚标记化合物的方法主要有催化加氚法,催化卤-氚交换法和催化氢-氚同位素交换法。催化剂本身并不参加化学反应,只在其表面吸附氚气从气相进入液相或固相,改变反应速度,提高标记物的比度。常用的催化剂有钯、铂、铑等过渡金属元素。李志敏的工作证明钯-碳催化剂在催化加氚反应中不仅有催化作用,而且对氢-氚体系而言,还有明显的分离作用。 相似文献
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本文研究了U(Ⅲ)-U(Ⅳ)在7.0mol/l HCl介质中及在U(Ⅲ)-7.0mol/l HCI-U(Ⅳ)-50%TBP-煤油和U(Ⅲ)-7.0mol/l HCl-U(Ⅳ)-50%TBP-二甲苯体系中的同位素交换过程,测得上述体系的单级分离因数分别为1.0026,1.0031和1.0030,从而证实了P.Delvalle的1.0025-1.0030的实验结果;确认了用液态Zn-Hg齐制备U(Ⅲ)是快速、有效的方法;初步探索了用U(Ⅲ)-U(Ⅳ)交换过程浓缩~(235)U的合适体系。 相似文献
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U(Ⅳ)-U(Ⅵ)同位素交换反应动力学研究 Ⅰ.Fe~(2+)对U(Ⅳ)-U(Ⅵ)同位素交换反应的催化作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
一、前言由于U(IV)-U(VI)同位素交换体系具有相当大的同位素效应和很好的稳定性,并且容易实现两相回流,这对于分离U同位素的工业应用都是十分有利的。但是,U(IV)-U(VI)同位素交换反应速度非常慢,常温下H~+浓度为1.0—4.0 mol/l时,速度常数为1.0×10~(-4)l~2/mol·s。因此要用U(IV)-U(VI)交换体系浓缩铀同位素,必须研究U(IV)-U(VI)交换反应动力学,找到加快交换反应的方法。 相似文献
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氢-水同位素催化交换速率及过程模拟的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
氢-水同位素催化交换在处理ITER聚变堆废水以及核裂变反应堆重水升级方面具有应用前景。该交换过程及核心设备催化交换塔的模型化研究,对工艺和工程优化设计具有十分重要的意义。本文重点介绍了氢-水同位素催化交换过程模拟的研究进展,讨论了同位素催化交换速率的计算方式以及吸收塔模型和滴流床模型在同位素催化交换过程模拟中的应用,探讨了氢-水同位素催化交换过程模拟今后的研究方向。通过各类模型的比较,滴流床模型被认为在催化交换过程模拟中有良好应用前景。氢-水同位素催化交换机理及速率计算方法和催化交换塔模型化等方面有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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本文研究了在冠醚介质中~(125)I、~(82)Br与1-Br-十六烷的交换反应,以及不同冠醚、不同阳离子对反应速度和产率的影响。研究了在苯并12-冠-4介质中、~(125)I、~(82)Br与1-Br-十六烷的反应动力学,首次测定了该反应的动力学参数,为短寿命同位素标记化合物的制备提供了快速、有效的新方法。 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(10):818-832
The isotopic reduced partition function ratios (RPFR), (s/s')f, for the 34S/32S isotopic pair were calculated for 24 sulfur compounds between 10 and 2,000K. Their magnitudes were in the following sequences; at low enough temperatures at which In(s/s')f depends only on the isotopic difference in frequency-sum, SF6>SO2F2>SF5Cl>SF5Br>SO4 2->SO2Cl2>SO3>NSF3>SF4>SOF2>SOCl2>Me2SO>SOBr2>SO2>SPBr3>SCBr2>Me2S>SPCl3>SCCl2>SCF2>SPF3>CS2>OCS>H2S, and at high enough temperatures at which In(s/s')f is proportional to the isotopic difference in the sum of frequencies squared, SO2F2>SO4 2->SO3>SF6>SO2Cl2>SF5C1>NSF3>SF5Br>SOF2>SO2>SF4>Me2SO>SCCl2>SOBr2>H2S>Me2S>CS2>SCF2>OCS<SCCl2>SCBr2>SPF3>SPCl3>SPBr3 where Me--CH3. Correlation of the RPFR with molecular structure and molecular forces was discussed. The equilibrium constants K for the 34S/32S isotope exchange reactions of all the possible pairs of 19 sulfur compounds selected out of the above 24 were calculated and their temperature dependences were investigated. Two types of temperature dependences were observed; one being smooth monotonic and the other having single cross-over with no pre-inflection. 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(11):1061-1064
A benchmark calculation for a deep penetration problem of 14 MeV neutrons through a 3m thick iron slab was carried out by using a vectorized continuous energy Monte Carlo code MVP with the JENDL-3 and ENDF/B-IV cross sections. Reference solutions for neutron spectra and averaged cross sections were obtained at various locations through the iron slab with good statistics owing to a high computation speed of the code. The accuracy of multigroup calculations with the JSSTDL/J3 library was investigated by comparison with the obtained reference solutions. Both calculations with JENDL-3 and ENDF/B-IV showed a similar attenuation of total fluxes from thermal to 14 MeV through the slab, while differences of one order at the maximum were observed in the calculated fluxes in the resonance energy region. The multigroup calculations with the JSSTDL/J3 295- and 125-group libraries underestimate the streaming effect through the cross section minima above the well-known 24 keV window, which resulted in the underestimation of fluxes above this window by more than two decades at 3 m penetration compared with the continuous energy method. Taking into account the spatial dependence of averaged cross sections, the underestimation was reduced to about one decade. It was found, however, that an accurate prediction of streaming effect is fairly difficult by the multigroup method. 相似文献
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在研制粒径为6mm的多孔PTFE疏水担体基础上,采用浸渍法研制了可在工程上应用的Pt PTFE疏水催化剂。室温下,在并流催化床上考察了该疏水催化剂的催化活性、疏水性能和催化剂上活性粒子的稳定性。结果表明:当氚浓度为153Bq/mL,氢气线速度为5.31cm/s和15.93cm/s时,水中氚的催化转化率分别为73.7%和69.6%。在用普通水浸泡并淋洗145d后,该疏水催化剂的催化活性和活性粒子(Pt)的含量无明显变化。 相似文献
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利用固相法合成趋化肽类似物fMLFK,并采用双功能螯合剂(HYNIC)技术合成了^99Tc^m标记的趋化肽类似物^99Tc^m-HYNIC-fMLFK,测定了标记物的标记率和放化纯度,考察了配合物的稳定性。结果表明,合成fMLFK的产率大于80%,纯度大于97%;质谱法测得的相对分子质量与理论值相符;^99Tc^m标记后,配合物的放化纯度大于95%,在24h内放化纯度无明显降低。 相似文献
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催化剂制备方法及高温还原对Pt/C/FN疏水催化剂活性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用常规浸渍还原法、改进浸渍还原法和高压微波加热法分别制备20%Pt/C催化剂,用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对催化剂表征。三种方法制备的催化剂Pt粒径分别为2.9、2.0和1.9nm,标准差分别为0.8、0.7和0.5nm,高压微波加热法和改进浸渍还原法催化剂中Pt(0)含量分别为40.9%和43.3%。对高压微波加热法催化剂用H2/N2混合气300℃还原处理2h,或500℃处理1h,Pt粒径分别增至2.2和2.1nm,Pt(0)含量分别增至44.3%和49.7%。将Pt/C催化剂与聚四氟乙烯一起负载于泡沫镍(FN)载体,制备Pt/C/FN疏水催化剂,考察其对氢水液相交换反应的催化活性。影响疏水催化剂活性的因素包括Pt粒径大小及Pt(0)含量,降低Pt/C催化剂上Pt粒径大小,或提高Pt单质含量,均可提高疏水催化剂活性。 相似文献