胃次全切除术后早期肠内营养对胃肠动力的影响

目的 观察胃次全切除术后早期给予肠内营养对胃肠动力的影响。方法 将1999年12月至2001年2月接受手术治疗的进展期胃癌患者共18例随机分成肠内营养组和对照组各9例，分别给予术后早期肠内营养和普通治疗。应用Synectics MicroDigitrapper动态测压仪及配套的Polygram软件记录、分析、比较两组术后胃肠动力波形的变化，记录术后并发症等情况。结果 胃切除术后早期所有患者的移行性复合运动(MMC)均消失，术后第一个MMC出现的时间为34min～4h不等，两组相比差异无显著性。术后早期MMC的表现与正常MMC有明显不同：缺乏MMCⅡ相，仅由Ⅰ相和Ⅲ相构成；72h内MMC的周期变异逐步趋于一致。观察期内偶见逆向传导的MMC。肠内营养组的MMCⅢ相持续时间(TIME)、曲线下面积(AREA)、传导速度(V)、动力指数(MI)四项指标均高于对照组，两组比较差异有显著性。两组的术后并发症比较差异无显著性。结论 胃次全切除术后早期实施肠内营养可加速MMC的传导，改善MMC的收缩活动，促进胃肠动力的恢复。     

胃癌术后早期肠内营养对机体恢复的影响

目的探讨胃癌术后早期肠内营养(EEN)对机体恢复的影响。方法将40例胃癌且伴有营养不良患者行根治性手术后随机分为两组,肠内营养(EN)组术后1～2d开始EN治疗,肠外营养(PN)组术后24h经外周静脉输入由葡萄糖、脂肪乳剂、氨基酸等配置的全营养混合液。两组患者营养支持持续1周,逐渐恢复进食。观察两组患者并发症的发生率、术后肠功能恢复时间及住院时间及所需费用。结果 EN组排气恢复时间、术后住院天数及住院费用均少于PN组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各组并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);EN组并发症发生率为22.2%,低于PN组的45.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胃癌根治术后EEN支持是安全、合理、有效的营养补给方式;与PN支持相比更有利于患者营养状态的恢复及肛门排气功能的恢复,且经济方便。     

肠内营养对胰十二指肠切除患者术后营养、免疫和预后的影响

目的探讨肠内营养(EN)支持对老年胰十二指肠切除(PD)患者术后营养、免疫和预后影响。方法 90例研究对象随机分为术后EN组和肠外营养(PN)组,给予营养支持7¹0 d。术前、术后1 d、7 d分别检测营养指标、免疫指标和机体变化。结果与术前比较,术后1 d两组患者体质量下降,人体前白蛋白和转铁蛋白含量降低;CD3、CD4阳性细胞数及CD4/CD8比值降低,CD8阳性细胞数升高(P<0.05)。术后7 d,EN组CD3、CD4阳性细胞数及CD4/CD8比值恢复至术前水平,且明显高于PN组(P<0.05),而CD8阳性细胞数低于PN组(P<0.05),两组患者术后并发症发生率、住院时间和住院费用有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论 EN干预可纠正老年PD患者术后营养、免疫状况和促进机体康复。     

根据胰管直径等因素选择不同胰肠吻合方式对患者术后恢复的影响

目的:探究根据胰管直径等因素选择不同胰肠吻合方式对患者术后恢复的影响.方法:采取回顾性的方法对2010-01/2014-01遵义医学院第三附属医院接收治疗的进行胰十二指肠切除术的108例患者的临床资料进行分析.其中胰管直径≥3 mm的患者42例,给予其胰管空肠黏膜吻合术进行治疗,为胰管空肠黏膜吻合组.胰管直径<3 mm的患者66例,其中28例患者的胰腺残端比较粗大,且较空肠管径大的患者给予改良Child胰肠吻合术进行治疗,为改良Child胰肠吻合组,其余38例患者胰腺残端直径<空肠管径,给予其套入加捆绑式胰肠吻合术进行治疗,为套入加捆绑式胰肠吻合组.对比不同胰肠吻合方式患者的术后并发症发生率,并对其临床疗效进行评价.结果:3组患者中胰管空肠黏膜吻合组患者的胰管直径最大,与其他两组相比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).3组患者中改良Child胰肠吻合组患者的胰腺残端直径最大,与其他两组相比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).比较3种手术方式的术中出血量、胰肠吻合时间、手术总时间之间的差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05).3组患者共发生9例胰瘘,总胰瘘发生率为8.33%.比较3组患者的术后腹腔出血、胰瘘、消化功能异常、腹腔感染、死亡和平均住院时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:在进行Wipple术时,根据患者的胰管直径、空肠管径和胰腺残端直径选择合理的胰肠吻合方式对患者术后的恢复有一定的促进作用.     

早期胃肠内营养对肝功能恢复的促进作用

将36例施行肝脏手术的肝癌患者随机分为实验组（早期胃肠内营养组，n=18）和对照组(n=18)。分别于术后第3d、7d查血谷丙转氨酶，观察两组结果的差别，并进行统计学处理。结果：早期胃肠内营养组的谷丙转氨酶恢复情况明显优于对照组（P＜0．01，P＜0．05）。认为早期胃肠内营养可明显改善肝门阻断手术后患者的肝脏功能，是一种有效的促进肝脏功能恢复的方法。     

力胃颗粒对胃肠动力的影响

目的 观察力胃颗粒对实验动物胃肠动力的影响。方法 通过测定力胃颗粒对动物胃排空、肠推进及胃内压力的影响,研究其促胃肠动力作用．给小鼠ig饲料糊,观察力胃颗粒ig对胃排空率的影响;给小鼠ig炭末,观察力胃颗粒ig对肠推进率的影响;给小鼠ip盐酸多巴胺导致小鼠胃排空延迟,观察力胃颗粒ig对胃内酚红残留率的影响;给小鼠ip盐酸多巴胺导致小鼠肠胃反流,观察力胃颗粒id对胃内酚红残留率及肠胃反流量的影响;利用胃内安置水囊法观察力胃颗粒id对胃内压的影响。结果 力胃颗粒10g／kg及5g/kg可显著抑制小鼠饲料糊胃排空,胃排空率分别为(43．8±13,9)％及(44．7±20．2)％,与空白对照组(61.4±12．9)％比,均P     

胰十二指肠切除术后胃排空延迟的发病机制及危险因素

胃排空延迟(DGE)为胰十二指肠切除术(PD)后常见并发症,其发病原因与机制目前国内外尚未完全阐明,但绝大多数患者可在一般对症治疗后痊愈。笔者对PD术后DGE发生的危险因素及病理生理机制进行综述,旨在为临床有效防治PD术后DGE提供参考。     

腹部手术对胃肠动力的影响

为了研究不同腹部手术对胃肠动力的影响。采用连续动态胃肠测压对１０例胆囊切除手术病人和７例大肠癌根治手术病人术后早期胃肠移行性动力复合波（ｍｉｇｒａｔｉｎｇｍｏｔｏｒｃｏｍｐｌｅｘＭＭＣ）进行了观察。结果发现，腹部手术完全消除了正常的胃肠运动，胆囊切除术后胃肠动力的恢复远较传统认为的早，大多数病人手术结束后１小时左右ＭＭＣ即重新出现，大肠癌根治术后胃肠动力的恢复则相对较慢。腹部手术对胃肠动力的抑制作用与手术的类型及创伤的大小有关。     

胃大部切除术后血浆胃肠激素水平变化及其对胃排空的影响

采用放射免疫分析法测定２０例胃大部切除术后患者（下称术后组）和１２例正常人（对照组）的胃肠激素水平及胃排空功能。结果术后组ＳＳ显著降低，与胃半排空时间呈显著正相关，ＶＩＰ水平显著升高，但与胃排空无相关性；ＳＰ无明显变化，提示胃大部切除术后胃排空亢进可能与ＳＳ水平降低有关。     

肠内营养联合生长激素对高龄患者胰十二指肠术后急性炎症反应的影响

[目的]观察肠内营养(EN)联合生长激素(GH)对胰十二指肠切除术(PD)后急性炎症反应的调理作用。[方法]32例高龄PD患者,随机分为EN联合GH(观察)组及EN(对照)组,检测两组术前和术后血清白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因于α(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平变化,并观察术后全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)及多器官功能不全综合征(MODS)的发生率。[结果]两组患者术后均有SIRS的发生,观察组术后第3和第7天的血清TNF-α和CRP水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组SIRS持续时间(2.87±1.41)d明显短于对照组(4.53±1.23)d(P<0.05);观察组MODS发病率(13.33%)明显低于对照组(23.53%)(P<0.01)。[结论]高龄患者PD术后EN联合GH能有效地减轻创伤后的急性炎症反应,降低MODS发病率,促进患者康复。     

Effects of nutrients on gastrointestinal motility and gastric emptying after Billroth-I gastrectomy in dogs

We wanted to clarify the way in which nutrients influence gastrointestinal motility and gastric emptying following distal gastrectomy with Billroth-I gastroduodenostomy. Four gastrectomized dogs were equipped with extraluminal strain gauge transducers. Gastric emptying was measured radiographically. Four intact dogs were used as controls for emptying studies. Following gastrectomy, gastric emptying of both acaloric and nutrient meals was rapid in the initial period of the experiments. Gastric outflow was supported by propagating duodenal contractions. Compared with control dogs, the early emptying of nutrient meals was accelerated. In the following period, nutrients markedly slowed gastric emptying compared with acaloric meals due to a segmenting contractile pattern of the duodenum and a significant diminution of gastrointestinal motility. Results suggest that after Billroth-I gastrectomy (1) the control of gastric emptying by nutrients acts too late to slow the initial enhanced gastric outflow, and (2) the duodenal contractile patterns influence gastric emptying.The study was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, grant Eh 64/3-1.     

Integration of canine proximal gastric,antral, pyloric,and proximal duodenal motility during fasting and after a liquid meal

The aim was to investigate the integration of proximal gastric, antral, pyloric, and duodenal motility during fasting and after feeding. Using a proximal gastric barostat and a manometric assembly with an array of side holes astride the gastroduodenal junction, the gastrointestinal interdigestive migrating motor complex was detected in five of seven conscious fasting dogs. During phase III of the complex, which lasted a mean ± SEM of 13 ± 0.5 min, 9.6 ± 0.9 volume waves were present in the proximal stomach. The volume waves were coordinated with clusters of antral waves 64 ± 11% of the time and with inhibition of duodenal waves 91±3% of the time. A 300-ml calorie-dense liquid meal abolished the complex and promptly increased proximal gastric volume in five of six dogs. Volume waves were nearly completely suppressed, while antral waves decreased from 24 ±3.0 waves/10 min to 10±2.8 waves/10 min (P<0.05) and isolated pyloric pressure waves increased from 7.2±2.8 waves/10 min to 22±3.3 waves/10 min (P<0.005). In summary, proximal gastric motility was integrated with antral, pyloric, and duodenal motility under both fasting and fed conditions. The integrated patterns likely account for the efficient clearance of indigestible solids during fasting and the controlled emptying of nutrients with feeding.Supported in part by USPHS NIH Grants DK 18278, DK34988, and DK07198, the Winthrop Travelling Fellowship of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians, the S.K.F. (Australia) Travelling Fellowship, and the Mayo Foundation.This work was presented in part before the World Congress of Gastroenterology, Sydney, Australia, August 30, 1990     

Type of gastrointestinal reconstruction affects postoperative recovery after pancreatic head resection

Background/Purpose

The postoperative recovery of gastric motility with various reconstructions after pancreatic head resection has been reported. However, little is known about this recovery after pancreatic head resection with segmental duodenectomy (PHRSD). Some have attributed gastric stasis after pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPD) to tube gastrostomy, but its effect on gastric motility has not been investigated. In this study, the postoperative recovery after PHRSD and PPPD, and gastric motility with and without gastrostomy after PPPD were investigated.

Methods

We analyzed the first appearance of gastric phase III motility, postoperative systemic status, and body weight (BW; n = 32). The Imanaga PPPD and PHRSD were compared because the procedures differ only in the length of the remaining duodenum. Traverso and Roux-en-Y PPPDs were compared because the two procedures are similar except for the creation of gastrostomy.

Results

(1) Times to first appearance of gastric phase III motility and BW recovery were significantly better after PHRSD than after the Imanaga PPPD (P < 0.05). (2) Times to first gastric phase III motility and resumption of a regular diet as well as periods of gastric sump tube use and postoperative hospital stay were significantly shorter after the Roux-en-Y than after the Traverso PPPD (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Preservation of as long a portion of the duodenum as possible, the choice of a Roux-en-Y duodenojejunostomy, and the avoidance of peritoneal fixation of the gastric wall may be factors that improve the recovery of gastric motility and BW after pancreatic head resection.     

Effects of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement on gastric antral motility and gastric emptying

Background Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is the preferred method for providing enteral nutritional support in patients with dysphagia. We examined gastric antral myoelectrical activity and gastric emptying before and after PEG tube placement to evaluate the effects of PEG on gastric motility.Methods PEG was performed in 41 patients; 21 fed by total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and 20 who received nasogastric tube feeding (NGF). Antral myoelectrical activity and gastric emptying were examined before and 4 weeks after PEG tube placement.Results The percentage of normal-range electrogastrograms (EGGs) was significantly lower in the TPN group than in the NGF group in both the pre- and postprandial periods before PEG tube placement. Enteral feeding after PEG tube placement improved gastric motility in the patients with TPN. The percentage of normal-range EGGs increased significantly after PEG tube placement in both the pre- and postprandial periods, and plasma concentrations of paracetamol increased significantly after PEG tube placement in patients with TPN. A total of 7.3% of the patients developed the complication of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) after PEG tube placement. Gastric myoelectrical activity and gastric emptying were improved in these patients with GER after PEG tube placement. In contrast, the prevalence of esophageal hiatus hernia was significantly higher in patients with GER after PEG tube placement than in patients without GER after PEG tube placement.Conclusions Prolonged TPN with bowel rest induces physiological dysfunction of gastric motility. Enteral nutrition is the preferable physiological nutritional route. GER after PEG tube placement is not related to gastric motility. Esophageal hiatus hernia seems to be a major risk factor for GER complications after PEG tube placement.     

多潘立酮对功能性消化不良患者阻抗式胃动力的影响

目的观察多潘立酮对功能性消化不良(FD)餐后不适综合征(PDS组)和上腹疼痛综合征(EPS组)临床症状和胃动力的影响。方法对2008年10月至2009年4月重庆医科大学附属第一医院消化内科门诊57例FD患者行症状分型和评分、检测餐后胃电和胃阻抗,多潘立酮10mg每日3次治疗2周和4周后,再次评分并复查胃动力。结果治疗2周后,PDS组和EPS组餐后饱胀不适、早饱感、上腹痛、上腹烧灼感症状较治疗前显著改善(P0.05);4周后除PDS组上腹烧灼感和EPS组早饱感、上腹痛外余症状均进一步改善(P0.05)。治疗前和治疗后2周及4周PDS组和EPS组的胃电中频百分比差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。PDS组治疗2周后胃阻抗中频百分比较治疗前显著提高,4周后进一步提高(P0.05);治疗4周后,EPS组胃阻抗中频百分比显著高于治疗前和治疗后2周(P0.05)。结论多潘立酮治疗4周后FD患者的临床症状、胃电和胃阻抗显著改善,明显优于治疗后2周。     

Effects of smoking on interdigestive gastrointestinal motility

The effect of smoking on interdigestive gastrointestinal motility is little studied but may play a role in gastrointestinal morbidity. We studied gastroduodenal motility in 10 volunteers (five smokers and five nonsmokers) using a water-perfused pressure catheter. A pH probe was placed in the duodenal bulb. Baseline motility was recorded until phase III of the migrating motor complex had occurred in the stomach three times in order to record two complete cycles of MMC activity. Subjects then began smoking until phase III activity occurred again (mean duration of smoking 117 min). During the control period, all subjects had normal MMC cycles and there were no differences between smokers and nonsmokers. While smoking, no gastric phase III was observed in any subject and gastric motility was markedly reduced. In seven of 10 subjects, smoking did not prevent the occurrence of normal duodenal phase III activity. Three subjects had no duodenal phase III activity during smoking. The duodenal pH profile did not change during smoking and motilin levels continued to fluctuate in conjunction with phase III activity. In conclusion, smoking abolished phase III activity in the stomach without affecting the plasma motilin cyclic fluctuations or duodenal bulb pH. In contrast, smoking has little effect on duodenal motility.     

The effect of dopamine on rat gastric motility

The inhibitory mechanism of dopamine (DA) on rat gastric motility was investigated in association with DA receptors. Gastric movement was assessed according to the method of Jacoby et al and was expressed with the system of Ludwick et al. (1968). DA inhibited gastric movement in both the corpus and antrum in a dose-dependent manner. Domperidone, a specific antagonist of DA₂ receptor, suppressed DA-induced inhibition of gastric movement in a dose-dependent manner. SCH23390, a specific antagonist of DA₁ receptor did not affect DA-induced inhibition of gastric movement. LY171555, a specific agonist of DA₂ receptor, inhibited gastric movement in both the corpus and antrum in a dose-dependent manner. SKF38393, a specific agonist of DA₁ receptor, did not affect gastric movement. These results indicate that DA plays an important role in the inhibitory regulation of gastric motility, through DA₂ receptor but not DA₁ receptor.     

Effects of enhanced viscosity on canine gastric and intestinal motility

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of enhanced viscosity on gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motor and myoelectrical activities in dogs. METHOD: The study was performed in eight healthy female hound dogs chronically implanted with four pairs of gastric and two pairs of intestinal serosal electrodes and a duodenal fistula. Each dog was studied in three sessions and fed with three test meals with different viscosity. Gastric emptying was monitored for 2 h simultaneously with gastric and intestinal myoelectrical recordings. RESULTS: The liquid test meal containing either 0.78% or 1.21% of galactomannan significantly delayed gastric emptying but had no effect on postprandial blood glucose levels in comparison with the meal containing no galactomannan. The liquid test meal containing either 0.78% or 1.21% of galactomannan significantly increased the frequency and strength of intestinal motility but had no effect on intestinal slow wave rhythms. The product with enhanced viscosity had no effect on gastric motor activity or gastric slow waves. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that enhanced viscosity delays gastric emptying, increases postprandial intestinal but not gastric motility, and has no effects on gastric or intestinal slow waves.     

Real-time ultrasonographic assessment of antroduodenal motility after ingestion of solid and liquid meals by patients with functional dyspepsia

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Although antroduodenal motility has usually been studied by using manometric or scintigraphic methods, ultrasonography is an established, non-invasive method to evaluate duodenogastric motility. We used ultrasonography to evaluate gastric motility in patients with functional dyspepsia. METHODS: Sixty-four patients with functional dyspepsia and 36 asymptomatic healthy subjects were given liquid and solid test meals. We investigated the gastric emptying rate, motility index, and duodenogastric reflux for the liquid meal and gastric emptying time, half-emptying time, and motility index for the solid meal. RESULTS: After the liquid meal, the gastric emptying rate and motility index were significantly lower and the duodenogastric reflux was significantly higher in functional dyspepsia patients than in healthy subjects. After the solid meal, gastric emptying time, half-emptying time and the motility index were significantly lower in the patients than in the healthy subjects. Delayed gastric emptying of both meals occurred in only 20.3% of patients. Delayed emptying of the liquid or solid meal occurred in 62.5% of patients. In both groups, gastric emptying time of the solid meal was positively correlated with the motility index at 15 min post-ingestion. CONCLUSION: In functional dyspepsia patients, delayed gastric emptying of a solid meal was related to antral hypomotility during the early postprandial phase. Ultrasonographic assessment of gastric motility in both liquid and solid meals may provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia.