冈田酸诱导大鼠海马神经元Tau 蛋白过度磷酸化

目的研究蛋白磷酸酯酶抑制剂冈田酸(OA)对海马神经元微管相关蛋白(Tau)磷酸化的影响,建立Tau过度磷酸化的大鼠模型。方法实验随机分为正常组、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)对照组、OA模型组。模型组又分为OA12h、24h、48h和2周组。OA模型组大鼠海马CA1区背侧定向注射1.5μl溶于10%DMSO的OA,DMSO对照组注射1.5μl10%DMSO溶液。通过Bielschowski染色、免疫组织化学染色、蛋白免疫印迹分别观察海马神经元形态的改变和磷酸化Tau的表达水平;检测蛋白磷酸酶2A(PP2A)的活性,了解其动态变化与Tau磷酸化的关系。结果OA模型各组与正常组和DMSO对照组比较,Bielschowski染色示海马神经元胞体和突起着色较深,欠均匀,部分神经元轴丘处浓染成斑块状,但各模型组均未见到老年斑和神经元纤维缠结样改变;免疫组织化学染色示模型组海马神经元Thr231和Ser199202磷酸化Tau蛋白表达增加,与DMSO对照组相比具有显著意义(P<0.05);蛋白免疫印迹提示OA可引起Tau蛋白Thr231、Ser396和Ser199/202位点发生磷酸化,且不同位点磷酸化的稳定性不同,注射OA48h后PP2A的活性明显降低,其变化与Tau蛋白Thr231和Ser396位点的磷酸化改变相一致。结论海马CA1区背侧单次注射OA可诱导建立神经元Tau蛋白过度磷酸化的大鼠模型。     

糖尿病大鼠海马组织内Tau蛋白磷酸化水平和糖原合成激酶-3β活性增高

目的研究1型及2型糖尿病对海马组织内Tau蛋白部分位点磷酸化水平的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法同月龄Wistar大鼠,分为对照组(CTL)、1型(T1DM)及2型(T2DM)糖尿病模型组。葡萄糖氧化酶法检测血糖,放免法检测血浆胰岛素,Western blot分析海马内总Tau以及Tau蛋白上部分位点(pSer199、pThr212、pSer214、pSer396及pSer422)的磷酸化水平。γ32P标记的ATP和特异性底物肽检测海马内胰岛素信号传导系统中的关键酶糖原合成激酶-3β(GSK-3β)活性。结果T1DM及T2DM组血糖水平显著高于CTL组(P<0.001);T2DM组血浆胰岛素水平显著高于CTL组(P<0.001),而T1DM组显著低于CTL组(P<0.01);T2DM组胰岛素抵抗指数显著高于T1DM及CTL组(P<0.001)。T1DM及T2DM组大鼠海马组织内总Tau蛋白水平与CTL比较无显著差异,但阿尔茨海默病相关的Tau蛋白磷酸化位点pS199、pT212及pS396在T1DM及T2DM组都呈现过度磷酸化状态。同时,GSK-3β活性在这两种糖尿病大鼠模型的海马组织内明显增高(P<0.01,P<0.001)。结论糖尿病大鼠海马组织内Tau蛋白部分位点磷酸化水平增高。胰岛素信号系统功能低下而导致传导途径中GSK-3β活性上调,这可能是引起大鼠海马内Tau蛋白磷酸化的一个主要原因。     

胆固醇代谢障碍影响ob/ob小鼠室管膜下区神经发生

目的 检测胆固醇对ob/ob肥胖小鼠神经干细胞(NSCs)增殖和分化能力的影响，探讨肥胖引起中枢神经系统功能障碍的可能机制。方法 选取4月龄ob/ob和野生型(WT)小鼠各6只，运用细胞增殖抗原(Ki67)和双皮质素(DCX)免疫荧光染色检测ob/ob小鼠侧脑室室管膜下区(SVZ)神经发生水平；分离培养18只4月龄ob/ob和WT小鼠SVZ的NSCs,运用BrdU掺入实验和β-Ⅲ-微管蛋白(Tuj1)免疫荧光染色检测NSCs的自我更新和分化能力。运用基质辅助激光解飞行时间质谱(MALDI-MS)分别检测3只ob/ob和WT小鼠脑组织的脂质分布，并分析胆固醇(ST)含量和胆固醇合成相关基因的表达变化。体外培养15只WT新生鼠(P0)SVZ的NSCs,并通过电穿孔法转染胆固醇合成限速酶3-羟基-3-甲基-戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(Hmgcr)的小干扰RNA(siRNA),验证敲减效率，并通过BrdU掺入实验和Tuj1免疫荧光染色检测Hmgcr基因敲减对NSCs的影响。结果 与WT小鼠相比，ob/ob小鼠SVZ部位Ki67⁺和DCX⁺细胞数量均显著下降(...     

β淀粉样蛋白及代谢酶类在阿尔茨海默病和糖尿病模型小鼠脑内的表达

目的观察阿尔茨海默病(AD)和糖尿病模型小鼠脑内β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)及代谢相关酶类的表达情况,以便从分子水平找到糖尿病并发AD的实验室依据。方法 5月龄双转基因痴呆症模型小鼠(APP/PS1双转基因小鼠)、ob/ob T2DM肥胖模型小鼠和野生型C57BL/6J小鼠为对照,分别用免疫组化染色、ELISA和Western blot检测脑内老年斑(SP)、Aβ含量及Aβ代谢酶类的表达情况。结果 APP/PS1小鼠大脑皮质及海马均可见一定数量的SP;ob/ob小鼠大脑皮质内偶可见SP,而对照组未见SP。与对照小鼠相比,APP/PS1与ob/ob小鼠脑内Aβ40、Aβ42的含量明显升高(P0.05);但APP/PS1小鼠脑内Aβ水平显著高于ob/ob小鼠(P0.05)。APP在APP/PS1小鼠脑内的表达显著高于其他两组小鼠;在ob/ob小鼠脑内的表达要强于对照小鼠(P0.05)。Aβ生成的关键酶BACE1在APP/PS1与ob/ob小鼠脑内的表达显著高于对照小鼠(P0.05),但其在APP/PS1小鼠脑内的表达要强于ob/ob小鼠(P0.05)。Aβ降解的关键酶IDE在APP/PS1与ob/ob小鼠脑内的表达显著低于对照小鼠(P0.05),且在ob/ob小鼠脑内表达最低。结论 Aβ生成与降解的异常以及其异常聚集沉积不仅发生在早期AD脑内,同时也发生在T2DM脑内,提示Aβ过表达可能是促进2型糖尿病并发AD的重要原因之一。     

硫化氢在ob/ob小鼠皮肤创面愈合中的作用与调控机制

目的:观察硫化氢(H2S)对ob/ob小鼠皮肤创面愈合的影响并探讨其作用机制。方法:将ob/ob小鼠随机分为生理盐水组、胰岛素组和NaHS(H2S供体)组,C57BL/6小鼠作为对照组,构建小鼠背部皮肤创面模型。干预后检测各组H2S释放量;用Western blot检测胱硫醚γ-裂解酶(CSE)及基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)蛋白的表达差异;用RT-qPCR检测CSE的mRNA表达变化;使用免疫组织化学法检测中性粒细胞及单核/巨噬细胞的浸润数量;使用ELISA检测肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α和白细胞介素(IL)-6的水平;用Masson染色检测胶原沉积情况。结果:ob/ob小鼠皮肤创面肉芽组织中H2S释放及CSE蛋白、mRNA的表达水平以及胶原沉积显著低于C57BL/6小鼠(P0.05)。外源性H2S可加速ob/ob小鼠皮肤创面愈合(P0.05),增加胶原沉积。ob/ob小鼠创面中性粒细胞及单核/巨噬细胞浸润数量,TNF-α、IL-6的水平及MMP-9蛋白表达水平显著增加(P0.05),NaHS组显著降低。结论:H2S可显著改善糖尿病难愈性溃疡的愈合,作用机制可能与其抗炎作用有关。     

凝聚态Aβ 25～35可通过JNK/p38 MAPK途径诱导胎鼠皮层神经元Tau蛋白过度磷酸化

目的 探讨JNK/p38 MAPK在β淀粉样蛋白多肽片段25～35(Aβ25～35)诱导的阿尔茨海默病(AD)样胎鼠皮层神经元Tau蛋白过度磷酸化中的作用.方法 应用蛋白免疫印迹和免疫细胞化学染色的方法,观察Tau蛋白磷酸化和JNK/p38丝裂原活化的蛋白激酶(JNK/p38 MAPK)的表达情况.结果 凝聚态Aβ25～35(20μmol/L)作用于皮层神经元12h,Tau蛋白Ser396、Ser199/202、Thr205位点的磷酸化水平明显增高,同时JNK/p38 MAPK的总量及其活性形式-磷酸化JNK/p38 MAPK的蛋白表达水平也增加.结论 Aβ25～35可通过激活JNK/p38 MAPK使Tau蛋白的磷酸化水平增高.     

重组腺相关病毒介导的VLDLR基因转移改善2型糖尿病大鼠大脑海马tau蛋白Alzheimer病样改变

目的:Tau蛋白过度磷酸化是Alzheimer病(AD)的重要特征,在2型糖尿病中tau蛋白呈AD样过度磷酸化改变。本研究运用极低密度脂蛋白受体(VLDLR)基因转移干预2型糖尿病大鼠(T2DM),观察海马tau蛋白磷酸化修饰水平的变化。方法:将8周龄雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为3组,正常对照组(CTL)以普通饮食喂养,2型糖尿病组(T2DM)及2型糖尿病处理组(T2DM+VLDLR)。葡萄糖氧化酶法检测血浆血糖,放免法检测血浆胰岛素,Western blotting分析海马内总tau、tau蛋白上部分位点磷酸化及VLDLR水平。[γ-32P]标记的ATP和特异性底物肽检测海马内胰岛素信号转导系统中的关键酶糖原合成酶激酶-3β(GSK-3β)活性。结果:T2DM组大鼠经VLDLR基因处理之后(T2DM+VLDLR)与对照组(CTL)海马回总tau蛋白水平无差异,T2DM组tau(pS214)、tau(pS396)、tau(pS422)及tau(pSpS199/202)位点上的磷酸化水平显著高于CTL组,而在tau-1位点免疫反应显著弱于CTL组;运用VLDLR基因处理之后,tau蛋白上tau(pT217)、tau(pS396)及tau(pSpS199/202)位点磷酸化水平显著下降,tau-1位点显著增强,但tau(pS214)及tau(pS422)位点磷酸化水平无显著下降。免疫组化结果检测到T2DM组大鼠海马区tau蛋白在Ser214位点上磷酸化程度较CTL组显著增高,运用VLDLR基因处理之后,tau蛋白磷酸化程度逆转不明显。3组大鼠海马细胞内总GSK-3β无显著差异,但T2DM组GSK-3β磷酸化程度显著下降,运用VLDLR基因处理后GSK-3β磷酸化程度显著上升。结论:重组腺相关病毒介导的VLDLR基因处理可能是通过抑制GSK-3β活性来改善2型糖尿病大鼠海马tau蛋白上部分位点的Alzheimer病样过度磷酸化状态。     

APP/PS1转基因小鼠脑内铁死亡参与阿尔茨海默病病理改变的研究

目的 研究APP/PS1转基因小鼠脑内铁死亡与阿尔茨海默病病理改变的相关性.方法 选择不同月龄的野生型C57BL/6和APP/PS1小鼠,利用普鲁士蓝染色检测小鼠脑内铁累积情况;采用蛋白免疫印迹、免疫组织化学染色和免疫组织荧光法观察铁运输、储存、调节和铁死亡相关蛋白的表达及分布情况.结果 野生型小鼠海马和前额叶中铁死亡标志性蛋白随月龄增加而降低;与野生型对照相比,APP/PS1小鼠海马中长链脂酰辅酶A合成酶4显著升高(P＜0.001),且在β-淀粉样斑块处呈现明显富集现象,溶质载体家族7成员11、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和铁死亡抑制蛋白1的蛋白表达显著降低(P＜0.001);APP/PS1小鼠皮层、海马、嗅球和小脑有明显的铁蓄积,海马中铁转运、储存蛋白表达异常和铁调节蛋白功能紊乱.结论 APP/PS1小鼠脑内铁死亡与铁代谢功能紊乱、铁死亡相关蛋白表达异常密切相关,可能参与AD病理改变.     

低氧预适应小鼠脑组织内CaMKⅡ磷酸化水平增高

目的探讨钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶(CaMKⅡ)在小鼠脑低氧预适应(HPC)发生发展中的作用。方法成年雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常对照(H0)、早期(H1～H4)和延迟性(H5～H6)低氧预适应等共计7组,制备小鼠HPC模型;用Western blot并结合GelDoc凝胶成像系统,检测小鼠脑组织内CaMKⅡ磷酸化水平和蛋白表达量;用免疫组化检测小鼠脑皮层和海马CaMKⅡ磷酸化水平。结果与H0组小鼠相比,H3～H5组海马和皮层的CaMKⅡ磷酸化水平明显升高(P<0.05);而H1～H6组的皮层和海马的CaMKⅡ蛋白表达量无明显变化;H3、H6组皮层和海马p-CaMKⅡ阳性细胞数目增多和灰度增强。结论CaMKⅡ磷酸化水平的升高可能参与了小鼠脑HPC的发生发展过程。     

糖尿病脑病机理的再探讨及APP17肽的作用

目的：检测糖尿病小鼠脑内Tau蛋白不同位点的磷酸化状态及β淀粉样肽表达的改变,进一步探讨糖尿病脑病的机理并观察APP17肽的作用。方法：用链脲佐菌素诱发小鼠糖尿病模型,并皮下注射,APP17肽进行保护。4周后,取小鼠脑组织做BT－2、Rlle免疫组织化学染色,另一部分小鼠断头取脑,分离海马,做Tau-1,AT-8,A β1－16和管蛋白（tubulin)抗体蛋白免疫印迹。结果：糖尿病小鼠脑海马神经元内正常Tau蛋白含量减少,Tau蛋白192／202位点及194／198位点过度磷酸化,而Thr231和Thr181位点未被磷酸化;管蛋白的表达明显减少,而APP的表达则增多,用APP17肽对糖尿病小鼠进行保护后,Tau蛋白的磷酸化程度降低,APP和Tubulin的表达恢复到接近正常水平。结论：糖尿病小鼠脑内Tau蛋白过度磷酸化、tubulin表达减少,微管结构受损,同时APP表达增加造成Aβ含量增多,引起神经元损害,对糖尿病小鼠应用APP17肽使Tau保持磷酸化程度、APP及tubulin表达接近正常,因此,APP17肽在防止神经元变性方面有重要意义.     

奥美沙坦对ob/ob小鼠血浆脂联素水平影响的研究

目的 观察ob/ob小鼠不同组间血浆脂联素浓度的变化以及奥美沙坦干预后脂联素浓度的变化.方法 以ob/ob小鼠为对象,分为三组:①ob/ob小鼠空白组;②ob/ob小鼠高脂组;③ob/ob小鼠奥美沙坦组,①喂以普通饲料;②③喂以高脂饮食,10周后,早期动脉粥样硬化成模后,给与①②组安慰剂及③组奥美沙坦分别进行干预,10...     

Upregulated Expression of AQP 7 in the Skeletal Muscles of Obese ob/ob Mice

Aquaporin (AQP) is suggested to be regulated by leptin through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. AQP7 and AQP9 are membrane proteins with water and glycerol channels, the latter of which is essential for triglyceride synthesis. We conjectured that the expression of AQP7 and AQP9 would be altered in the skeletal myofibers in obese leptin deficient ob/ob mice as compared with that of wild mice. RNA and protein levels were studied in the quadriceps femoris muscles of ob/ob and wild mice. Real time quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that mouse AQP7 mRNA levels in skeletal muscles were significantly higher in ob/ob mice than in wild mice (P<0.01), whereas mouse AQP9 mRNA level was not different between the two groups (P>0.05). Histologically the type 1 myofibers of ob/ob mice contained numerous lipid droplets in oil red O stain samples. Immunohistochemical staining of ob/ob mouse muscles revealed enhanced expression of AQP7 at myofiber surface membranes, while AQP9 expression appeared to be similar to that of wild mice. The findings suggest that the upregulated expression of AQP7 in ob/ob mouse muscles facilitates the secretion of glycerol from myocytes.     

Up-regulation of the endocannabinoid system in the uterus of leptin knockout (ob/ob) mice and implications for fertility

The levels of the endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) are under the negative control of leptin in the rodent hypothalamus. As leptin and endocannabinoids play opposite roles in the control of reproduction, we have investigated whether the impaired fertility typical of leptin-defective ob/ob mice is due, in part, to enhanced uterine endocannabinoid levels. We found that levels of both anandamide and 2-AG in the uterus of ob/ob mice are significantly elevated with respect to wild-type littermates, due to reduced hydrolase activity in the case of anandamide, and to reduced monoacylglycerol lipase and enhanced diacylglycerol lipase activity in the case of 2-AG. Furthermore, the process mediating endocannabinoid cellular uptake was also impaired in ob/ob mice, whereas the levels of cannabinoid and anandamide receptors were not modified. Although ineffective in wild-type mice, treatment of ob/ob mice with leptin re-established endocannabinoid levels and enzyme activities back to the values observed in wild-type littermates. Finally, treatment of ob/ob females with the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A did not improve their fertility, and inhibition of endocannabinoid inactivation with the endocannabinoid uptake inhibitor OMDM-1 in wild-type females did not result in impaired fertility.     

Amelioration of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and glucose intolerance in ob/ob mice by oral immune regulation towards liver-extracted proteins is associated with elevated intrahepatic NKT lymphocytes and serum IL-10 levels

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common cause of cryptogenic cirrhosis in the Western world. In an animal model of NASH, leptin-deficient ob/ob mice present with alterations in number and function of hepatic NKT and peripheral CD4 lymphocytes. Oral immune regulation is a method to alter the immune response towards orally administered antigens. To determine the effect of oral immune regulation towards liver-extracted proteins on the metabolic disorders in ob/ob mice, ob/ob mice and their lean littermates were orally administered liver extracts from wild-type or ob/ob mice or bovine serum albumin for 1 month. The effect of treatment on hepatic fat content was measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and using a histological steatohepatitis grading scale. Glucose tolerance was measured by an oral glucose tolerance test (GTT). T lymphocyte subpopulations were assessed by flow cytometry analysis. Induction of immune regulation by oral presentation of liver-extracted proteins resulted in a significant 18% reduction of the hepatic fat content in ob/ob mice fed with either wild-type or ob/ob liver extracts for 1 month. The MRI signal intensity index in treated mice decreased to 0.48 and 0.51, respectively, compared with 0.62 in BSA-fed controls (p = 0.037 and p = 0.019, respectively), while the histological steatohepatitis score decreased in both treated groups to 2.0, compared with 2.4 in BSA-fed controls (p = 0.05). A significant improvement in GTT was noted in treated ob/ob mice. These changes were accompanied by a marked increase in the intrahepatic NKT lymphocyte population in mice fed with proteins extracted from both wild-type and ob/ob mice (46.96% and 56.72%, respectively, compared with 26.21% in BSA-fed controls; p < 0.05) and a significant elevation in serum IL-10 levels. Oral immune regulation towards liver extracted proteins in leptin-deficient mice resulted in a marked reduction in hepatic fat content and improved glucose tolerance. This effect was associated with a significant increase in the intrahepatic NKT lymphocyte population and serum IL-10 levels, suggesting a Th1 to Th2 immune shift. Immune regulation towards disease-associated antigens holds promise as a new mode of therapy for NASH.     

Reversion of age-related recognition memory impairment by iron chelation in rats

It is now generally accepted that iron accumulates in the brain during the ageing process. Increasing evidence demonstrate that iron accumulation in selective regions of the brain may generate free radicals, thereby possessing implications for the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders. In a previous study we have reported that aged rats present recognition memory deficits. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of desferoxamine (DFO), an iron chelator agent, on age-induced memory impairment. Aged Wistar rats received intraperitoneal injections of saline or DFO (300mg/kg) for 2 weeks. The animals were submitted to a novel object recognition task 24h after the last injection. DFO-treated rats showed normal recognition memory while the saline group showed long-term recognition memory deficits. The results show that DFO is able to reverse age-induced recognition memory deficits. We also demonstrated that DFO reduced the oxidative damage to proteins in cortex and hippocampus. Thus, the present findings provide the first evidence that iron chelators might prevent age-related memory dysfunction.     

Behavioral response of the genetically obese (ob/ob) mouse to heat stress: effects of naloxone and prior exposure to immobilization stress

Genetically obese (ob/ob) mice, which possess abnormally elevated levels of pituitary β-endorphin and adrenocorticotropin exhibited less grooming, rearing and jumping during a five min exposure to different levels of heat stress compared to their lean littermate controls (ob/?). Naloxone had a diametrically opposite effect on rearing in these animals, particularly when exposed to low heat stress; it enhanced rearing in ob/ob mice and suppressed the rearing response in ob/? mice. Naloxone enhanced jumping in both the ob/ob mice and the ob/? mice. This effect was slightly, although not significantly, stronger in the obese mice. Finally, exposure to 10 min of immobilization stress before testing at 46°C, enhanced grooming and suppressed jumping in ob/ob and ob/? mice. Naloxone pretreatment reversed the effect of immobilization stress in ob/ob mice but not in their lean littermate controls. The data is discussed in terms of the differential involvement of pituitary endorphins in the behavioral response of ob/ob and ob/? mice to stress.     

Intranasal deferoxamine improves performance in radial arm water maze, stabilizes HIF-1α, and phosphorylates GSK3β in P301L tau transgenic mice

Deferoxamine (DFO), a metal chelator, has been previously reported to slow the loss of spatial memory in a mouse model of amyloid accumulation when delivered intranasally (IN). In this study, we determined whether IN DFO also has beneficial effects in the P301L mouse, which accumulates hyperphosphorylated tau. Mice were intranasally treated three times per week with either 10?% DFO (2.4?mg) or saline for 5?months, and a battery of behavioral tests were conducted before tissue collection and biochemical analyses of brain tissue with Western blot and ELISA. Wild-type (WT) mice statistically outperformed transgenic (TG) saline mice in the radial arm water maze, while performance of TG-DFO mice was not different than WT mice, suggesting improved performance in the radial arm water maze. Other behavioral changes were not evident. Beneficial changes in brain biochemistry were evident in DFO-treated mice for several proteins. The TG mice had significantly less pGSK3?? and HIF-1??, with more interleukin-1?? and total protein oxidation than wild-type controls, and for each protein, DFO treatment significantly reduced these differences. There was not a significant decrease in phosphorylated tau in brain tissue of DFO-treated mice at the sites we measured. These data suggest that IN DFO is a potential treatment not only for Alzheimer??s disease, but also for other neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders in which GSK3?? and HIF-1?? play a prominent role.     

肥胖小鼠脂肪组织中炎症因子的表达

目的 探讨肥胖对小鼠脂肪中炎症因子分泌的影响及其作用的分子机制。方法 随机选取20只Lepob/ob肥胖小鼠作为研究对象,同窝野生型C57BL/6 J小鼠作为对照组。测定小鼠体重、脂肪重量、血糖、葡萄糖耐量和胰岛素耐量;HE染色观察白色和褐色脂肪细胞的状态,并对脂肪细胞直径进行统计学分析;Western blotting检测诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、核因子κB（NF-κB）、蛋白激酶B（Akt）和p-Akt的蛋白表达;Real-time PCR分析白色和褐色脂肪中CC-趋化因子配体2(CCL2)、CD44、集落刺激因子2(CSF2)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）、Iba1、白细胞介素(IL)-1α、IL-6、IL-7、JUN和S100β mRNA的表达。结果 与对照组相比,Lepob/ob 小鼠的体重随年龄的增长而显著增加（P<0.001）,白色脂肪重量、皮下脂肪重量及血糖显著升高（P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.01）,葡萄糖耐量较低（P<0.001）并产生胰岛素抵抗（P<0.001）;脂肪细胞直径显著增大,且各个脂肪组织均有巨噬细胞浸润灶出现;脂肪细胞内Janus蛋白酪氨酸激酶2(JAK2)、p-JAK2、iNOS、NF-κB、Akt和p-Akt蛋白表达均显著升高（P<0.05）;CCL2、CD44、IL-1α、IL-6、IL-7、JUN和S100β mRNA表达均显著升高。 结论 肥胖诱导小鼠脂肪组织中炎症因子显著表达,促使细胞分泌传导紊乱,导致炎症级联发生。     

Temperature preference of genetically obese (ob/ob) mice

Genetically obese (ob/ob) and lean mice selected their preferred ambient temperature in a thermal gradient. Preferred ambient temperature was defined as that ambient temperature which the mice selected for sleep during daylight hours. Lean mice selected a temperature of 31.2 degrees C which resulted in a body temperature (36.7 degrees C) not greatly different from the pretest body temperature of 36.4 degrees C. Obese mice selected 29.4 degrees C which resulted in a body temperature of 36.8 degrees C, 1.8 degrees C above the pretest body temperature of 35.0 degrees C. These data indicate that obese mice select an ambient temperature that results in a body temperature no different from that of lean mice. The selection by obese animals of an ambient temperature significantly lower than that of lean mice but which results in the same body temperature may reflect an effect of adiposity on heat loss. There is no evidence of a diminished thermoregulatory set-point in obese mice.