转化教师行为从解读幼儿需要入手

园本教研活动的开展,常常让我们看到教师教育理念与实践之间的偏差,它曾经让我们不解。随着实践的不断深入,我们渐渐悟到,过多的教育行为强化和问题的急于解决,不但不能有效地引领教师发展,而且还易造成“说与做”两层皮的现象,解读幼儿学习和发展的需要才是实现教师行为转化的桥梁。下面就让我们共同回顾和分享一次园本教研的活动。     

了解幼儿的需要 调整教师的行为

许老师： 您好！很钦佩您对自己的教育行为提出质疑的勇气。     

幼儿学习行为分析视角下的教师有效教学行动研究

优化幼儿的学习行为,提高幼儿园教师教学行为的有效性,是幼儿教育工作者与研究者共同关心的话题。教师教学行为的有效性随着幼儿学习行为有效性的提升而提升,幼儿高层级学习行为依赖于教师对教学的引导,教师的教学反思、协同对话和教学调整能促进教学有效性的提升。因此,建议在集体教学活动中,教师要充分尊重幼儿的主体地位,注重激发幼儿学习的内在动机,着力培养幼儿的问题解决能力。     

转变教师教育行为 促进幼儿快乐成长

在幼儿园一日活动中,教师与幼儿朝夕相处,她们的情感态度、言行举止就像一面镜子,直接影响着幼儿在园的情绪状态。为此,我园教师力求转变教育观念与行为,努力为幼儿营造人与物的快乐环境,促进幼儿健康快乐地成长。     

教师创设显性学习环境行为的基本特征

幼儿学习环境的创设。也是教师教育行为的重要内容之一。新的学习观强调教师对学生学习环境的创设是教师教育行为转变的重要方面。在幼儿的学习中，教师对环境的创设主要表现为两方面：一方面是显性环境的创设，主要是幼儿学习过程中的物化环境，材料的投放等；另一方面是隐性环境的创设，即幼儿学习的心理环境。本文主要探讨教师创设显性学习环境的行为及其特点。     

创新学习与教师教学行为转变研究

学生创新学习习惯的养成与教师的教学行为有着直接的、无法替代的关系,教师只有树立新的课程意识,自觉转变已有的传统的教学行为,才能为学生创设良好的、适合于学生创新学习的教学氛围,使学生逐渐养成创新学习习惯,为将来成为创新型人才奠定基础.     

教师评价风格对幼儿学习行为的影响

幼儿对自己的兴趣和行为往往缺乏判断能力,但对教师有一种特殊的信任和依恋,对教师的评价非常敏感,并且常常将教师的评价作为自我评价的重要依据.教师的评价风格对幼儿的学习行为有着重要影响.教师应根据幼儿心理发展特点和教育的实际需要,巧妙运用评价艺术,正确把握表扬与批评的尺度,以激发幼儿学习兴趣,促进幼儿发展.     

以学习故事为载体 提升教师察析幼儿学习行为的能力

观察是教师解读幼儿行为,提供有效支持策略的重要手段。很多教师了解观察分析幼儿行为的重要性,但是在运用这一教学手段的过程中,存在着观察目的不明确、观察行为不到位、观察记录不客观以及观察分析不精准等问题。笔者通过学习故事这一叙事性评价方式的介入,通过具体的方法和案例,帮助教师提升观察分析幼儿的能力,让教师和幼儿形成学习共同体,共同促进幼儿的学习与发展。     

Teachers' Knowledge of Children's Mathematics after Implementing a Student-Centered Curriculum

Our study investigated the knowledge 13elementary teachers gained implementing astudent-centered curriculum in the context ofdistrict-wide reform. Participants comprisedall the teachers in grades three, four and fiveat a single elementary school. We believed thatinvestigating teachers' responses to fictionalpedagogical scenarios involving nonstandardalgorithms would yield insights into criticalcomponents of their knowledge base. We lookedin particular at teachers' knowledge of children's mathematics. We found that teacherswere in the midst of creating a knowledge basefocused on children's mathematics and groundedin knowledge about alternative conceptualtrajectories through the elementary curriculum.Teachers' knowledge of nonstandard strategiessupported by the curriculum materials wasstronger and more coherent than their knowledgeof students' novel nonstandard strategies.Strong mathematical knowledge was notnecessarily associated with strong knowledge ofchildren's mathematics. Teachers' thinkingvaried by a topic's treatment in the writtencurriculum materials used, suggestingimplementation of the curriculum as a source oflearning.     

幼儿教师儿童学习观的质性分析

教师的儿童学习观是教师教育观念系统中的核心内容,本研究运用质性分析的方法,发现教师的儿童学习观主要表现为三个方面:对儿童学习的基本认识、儿童知识的形成以及儿童学习的过程。教师的儿童学习观表现为两种类型,具有朴素性、层次性和内隐性特征。     

Teachers' Mini-Case Studies of Children's Mathematics

This article reports findings from a five-day summer institute conducted with 27 practicing primary-grade teachers. The institute was part of a year-long professional development project that supported teachers' thinking about children's arithmetical understanding. From Quicktime movies that contained excerpts of six children's interviews, pairs of teachers developed mini-cases about the children's arithmetical understanding. At the end of the institute, the teachers presented their mini-case studies to the group. Teachers developed two types of hypotheses: hypotheses about children's thinking and hypotheses about what it means for children to know and do mathematics. After providing examples to clarify the two types of hypotheses, we address the challenges we faced in developing multimedia inquiry-based environments that facilitated teachers' thinking about children's arithmetical thinking. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

高校青年教师学习的校本管理策略研究

青年教师的学习是学校持续变革的关键,然而,从实际情况来看,高校青年教师一方面承担着教学、科研双重任务,扮演着独特的学习角色;另一方面,又受管理模式、资源分配、学习文化、培训制度等因素制约,在学习上面临着现实困境。为了改变这种状况,高校应结合自身实际加强校本管理,通过改革评价体系、营造良好的学习环境、加强学习规划管理、营造合作文化、完善培训体系等多种措施,促进青年教师学习并不断提升其学习水平。     

高职教师学习共同体的构建

学习共同体是一种全新的合作学习方式,是一种自主、平等和互惠的合作共同体。教师学习共同体与学校是利益共同体,学校通过搭建教学共同体、科研共同体、技术攻关共同体等合作学习的组织平台,为教师合作提供良好的空间。学校可以在合作氛围创设、平台搭建、机制完善和资源保障上发挥作用,为教师之间的合作学习和专业成长创造更多的有利条件。     

教师学习:教育现代化视域下的教师教育观

教师作为教育现代化“人”的要素,其现代化同样是一个缓慢的渐进性过程。借鉴哲学本体论层面的研究,可以从工具性存在、关系性存在、精神性存在等三个角度理解教师职业存在的本质。教师教育观经历了第一代以“教师培训”为核心、第二代以“教师专业发展”为核心,正在向第三代以“教师学习”为核心逐步转变的过程。基于此,在教师学习过程中应当遵循情意原理、强化内隐属性、遵从同构迁移等三个过程性原则,以促进教师及教师教育的现代化。     

Supporting Teachers' Professional Learning by Navigating Openings in the Curriculum

Researchers agree that achieving thefundamental changes called for by currentreforms in mathematics education requires newlearning on the part of teachers. Currently,across the United States there exists atremendous variety of teacher-enhancementprojects representing a range of perspectivesand approaches to supporting teachers'learning. This paper presents a comparativeanalysis of three teacher educators using acurriculum designed for use with elementaryteachers in an inquiry-group setting. The aimof the study was to examine the process anddemands of supporting teachers' learning andteachers' efforts to reform their practices. Analyses revealed that the central demand ofsupporting teachers' learning through inquiryinvolved navigating through what we have calledopenings in the curriculum. Theseopenings took the form of unanticipatedquestions, challenges, observations, or actionsby participating teachers that requiredfacilitators to make on-the-spot judgmentsabout how to guide the discourse. Examinationsof the facilitators' processes of navigatingthese openings revealed a set of threeactivities they employed in determining how torespond. Analysis of the activities offacilitators in response to openings furtherilluminates the work involved in supportingteachers' learning and has implications for theskills needed by teacher educators engaged inthis work.     

Relating Pre-Service Teachers' Approaches to Learning and Preferences for Constructivist Learning Environments

Within two Flemish institutes of pre-service and inservice teacher education, the relationship between the learning styles and preferences for learning environments of pre-service teachers were examined. Results indicate that some components of pre-service teachers' learning approaches (learning conceptions, learning strategies and learning orientations) are predictors for preferences for constructivist learning environments. Differences in learning approaches and preferences for learning environments are also related to the type of teacher education that pre-service teachers followed.     

学校变革视角下的教师学习

在教育现代化进程中,学校变革已经成为一种常态。只有教师成为学校变革的积极支持者和变革动力,学校才能走上具有生长性的持续变革轨道。支持教师成为变革动力的最重要途径是教师学习。教师学习具有传递经验、促进学校成员间融合与创生新知识等功能。指向支持学校变革的教师学习,要根据学校的变革需要精心设计教师学习活动,要引导变革阻力在教师学习活动中积极转化,要倡导指向教学研究的教师学习活动,要通过培育教师学习小团队建设合作的组织文化。