有机化学实验教学的几点体会

有机化学实验是检验学生对有机化学理论知识的掌握程度,是学生进一步深入学习有机化学知识的一项基本技能。培养学生对有机化学实验的学习兴趣,提高学生实验中的操作技能,培养学生实事求是的科学态度和创新意识是教学的重要任务,而教师在培养过程中如何有效地向学生传授知识更是重中之中。为了提高教学质量,本文从教学方法及重要性上介绍了作者在有机化学实验教学中的一些体会和实践。     

独立院校有机化学教学改革的探索

针对广西师范学院师园学院有机化学教学中存在的问题,作者根据有机化学教学的特点,并结合多年的有机化学教学经验,以培养学生牢固掌握有机化学的基本技能和提高有机化学教学质量为着眼点,对有机化学的教学改革提出了一些建议:其中主要包括调整有机化学教学内容、变革有机化学教学方法、改革有机化学实验教学和完善有机化学教学评价方法等方面。     

有机化学教学中的哲学思维

有机化学是化学和一些非化学专业的重要基础课,教师在课程教学中应在传授有机化学基本知识和技能的同时,传授给学生善于运用哲学思想来学习有机化学内容,掌握理解有机化学现象的本质规律,培养学生科学学习方法和创新性思维,逐步养成用哲学思维认识有机化学,提升分析问题和解决问题的能力。     

食品安全问题在有机化学教学中的应用探讨

通过一些真实存在的食品安全问题在有机化学教学过程中的渗透,可以提高学生学习有机化学的兴趣,拓宽学生的知识面,加深了对有机化学课本知识的理解与掌握,还可以增强学生食品安全意识。本文就如何使食品安全知识与有机化学教学紧密结合进行了探讨。     

有机化学教学案例:尼美舒利合成中的有机化学反应

在有机化学中采用案例教学法,激发学生学习的兴趣和积极性,提高教学效果.在尼美舒利合成中应用了一些基础有机化学反应,尼美舒利的合成可以作为有机化学教学案例,帮助学生了解有机化学反应的应用.     

地方高校有机化学实验教学方法探究

有机化学实验教学是有机化学课程教学的重要组成部分,熟练的实验操作能够加强学生对基础理论知识的理解和运用,同时培养学生实事求是,严谨治学的科研作风。然而,在当前传统有机化学实验教学中仍然存在许多不足之处。笔者针对存在的问题,提出了一些有机化学实验教学改革措施,以期望达到有机化学实验课程的最佳教学效果。     

高师有机化学课程建设与学生创新能力培养

有机化学是高师院校化学专业的基础课程,在本科教学中占有十分重要的地位。本文简要介绍了我校在有机化学课程建设中注重培养学生创新能力的一些做法。通过建立新的有机化学课程体系和实践教学体系、革新教学方式和考核方法等措施,全面提高了学生的创新能力。     

《有机化学》教学改革的探讨

针对有机化学教学特点及存在的问题,结合多年的有机化学教学经验,对有机化学的教学改革提出一些想法：启发式教学,改善课堂教学结构;教学与生产实践相结合,增强学生的应用能力;教学和科研的有机结合,培养学生的创新思维;引进国外先进的教学方法,介绍学科的最新动态;有机化学的实验教学改革,实施绿色教育。     

有机化学兴趣教学法的探索与实践

有机化学是众多理工科院校开设的课程之一。提高对有机化学的学习兴趣能帮助学生学好有机化学。结合教学经验提出在日常教学中提高有机化学学习兴趣的一些教学方法。     

浅析农业院校应化专业有机化学实验教学的策略

有机化学是农业院校应化专业重要的专业基础课。结合有机化学实验的教学实际,作者提出了一些对策,以提高学生的科研能力和创新能力。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.