2014年2月大气环流和天气分析

2014年2月大气环流的主要特征是极涡偏强且呈偶极型分布,中高纬环流呈4波型,西太平洋副热带高压偏弱,南支槽位置偏西。2月全国平均气温为-2.3℃,较常年同期偏低0.6℃;全国平均降水量17.5 mm,与常年同期（17.4 mm）持平。月内我国有一次全国性寒潮天气过程;北方有明显雨（雪）天气,冬麦区旱情缓解;南方雨雪过程较多且范围较大,多地出现阶段性低温雨雪天气和冻害;中东部出现3次大范围的雾或霾天气过程。     

2017年2月大气环流和天气分析

2017年2月大气环流的主要特征是极涡偏强且呈单极偏心型分布,中高纬环流呈3波型,西太平洋副热带高压强度接近常年,南支槽强度较常年偏弱。2月全国平均气温0℃,较常年同期偏高1.7℃;全国平均降水量14.4 mm,比常年同期（17.4 mm）偏少17.1%。2月我国有两次强冷空气过程;3次降水过程,其中新疆出现了一次暴雪过程,日降水量打破历史极值;中东部出现两次雾 霾天气。     

2016年2月大气环流和天气分析

2016年2月大气环流的主要特征是北半球极涡呈偶极型分布,中高纬环流经向度大;太平洋副热带高压接近常年同期或偏强,南支槽较常年同期偏弱,不利于水汽向我国输送。2月全国平均降水量12.3 mm,较常年同期（17.4 mm）偏少29.3%,全国平均气温-1.6℃,接近常年同期（-1.7℃）。月内,我国中东部大部地区出现一次寒潮天气过程;西北地区出现今年首次沙尘天气过程。     

2019年2月大气环流和天气分析

2019年2月大气环流的主要特征是北半球极涡较常年同期偏强,中心偏向东半球,位置偏北;欧亚中高纬环流呈4波型,环流经向度总体较小。西太平洋副热带高压偏强;南支槽较常年偏弱、偏西。2月,我国冷空气活动较弱,仅出现一次大范围强冷空气和一次中等强度冷空气过程;全国平均气温为-1.3℃,较常年同期偏高0.4℃;东北地区北部气温异常偏高。月内,全国平均降水量为23.2 mm,较常年同期偏多33.3%;南方出现持续阴雨天气,青藏高原降雪明显偏多,青海东南部出现雪灾。另外,下旬我国中东部地区出现持续雾 霾天气。     

2017年4月大气环流和天气分析

2017年4月大气环流的主要特征是极涡呈偶极型分布,强度偏弱,中高纬环流呈4波型分布,西太平洋副热带高压强度较常年偏强,南支槽强度与常年相当。4月全国平均气温为12.0℃,较常年同期偏高1.0℃;全国平均降水量为44.0 mm,较常年同期偏少2%。月内出现1次全国大范围较强冷空气过程;南方多降水天气,共出现3次区域性暴雨天气;北方出现2次扬沙天气;多省(区、市)局地遭遇风雹灾害。     

2020年2月大气环流和天气分析

2020年2月大气环流的主要特征是北半球极涡呈偶极型分布且较常年同期明显偏强,欧亚地区中高纬环流呈三波型,环流呈纬向型,经向度较小。西太平洋副热带高压较常年偏强;下旬南支槽趋于活跃。2月,我国冷空气过程较常年偏少,出现今年首个全国型寒潮过程;全国平均气温为-0.1℃,较常年同期偏高1.6℃;全国平均降水量21.1 mm,较常年同期偏多18%。此外,前半月中东部多过程性雾 霾天气;西北地区出现今年首次沙尘天气过程。     

2018年5月大气环流和天气分析

2018年5月大气环流的主要特征是北半球极涡呈偶极型分布,强度偏强;中高纬环流呈三波型,欧亚环流经向度不大;西太平洋副热带高压偏强,南支槽强度比常年略偏弱。全国平均气温为17.1℃,较常年同期（16.2℃）偏高0.9℃,全国平均降水量73.1 mm,较常年同期（69.5 mm）偏多5.2%。月内,我国南方地区出现7次大范围强降雨天气过程,且多省遭受风雹袭击,局部地区受灾较重。此外,东北地区发生干旱,下旬有所缓和;中下旬江南、华南地区出现持续高温天气;北方地区出现2次沙尘天气过程。     

2018年4月大气环流和天气分析

2018年4月大气环流的主要特征是极涡偏强且呈偶极型分布,中高纬环流呈4波型,西太平洋副热带高压强度较常年偏弱,南支槽强度较常年偏强。4月全国平均气温12.4℃,较常年同期偏高1.4℃;全国平均降水量43.6 mm,比常年同期（44.7 mm）偏少2.5%。月内我国有3次冷空气过程,其中2—7日为一次全国性强冷空气过程,造成大范围剧烈降温和雨雪天气;北方地区出现5次沙尘过程;南方地区出现3次暴雨过程,其中22—24日的暴雨过程给长江中下游地区造成严重的暴雨洪涝灾害。     

2024年2月大气环流和天气分析

2024年2月北半球大气环流主要特征表现为极涡呈偶极型,东半球极涡中心位于鄂霍次克海到勘察加半岛上空,较常年同期偏强,影响我国的冷空气路径偏东;中纬度环流呈三波型,位于西伯利亚的平均槽较常年偏强,西风带短波槽活动频繁;南支槽位置偏东,西太平洋副热带高压显著偏强。2月全国平均气温为-1.8℃,较常年同期（-1.3℃）偏低0.5℃;平均降水量为22.5mm,较常年同期（16.3mm）偏多38%。月内有3次主要冷空气过程,其中2月17—22日强寒潮造成剧烈降温和显著低温。受南下冷空气和强盛的西南暖湿气流共同影响,月内出现2次大范围持续性低温雨雪冰冻天气过程,冻雨强度大、范围广,降水量具有极端性,对春运造成严重影响。此外,2月还出现了年度首次沙尘和强对流天气过程。     

2018年2月大气环流和天气分析

2018年2月大气环流的主要特征是北半球极涡呈偶极型分布,主极涡偏向西半球,欧亚地区中高纬环流呈3波型,环流经向度总体较小。西太平洋副热带高压接近常年;南支槽强度较常年偏弱。2月,我国冷空气活动较频繁,上旬冷空气势力较强,出现一次全国强冷空气和一次北方强冷空气天气过程;全国平均气温为-2.0℃,较常年同期偏低0.3℃。月内,全国降水前期偏少,后期南方出现持续阴雨,月末在东北地区出现区域性强降雪过程;全国平均降水量为8.1 mm,较常年同期偏少53%。另外,琼州海峡遭遇罕见持续大雾天气,西北地区出现今年首次沙尘天气过程。     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题

自地球形成至寒武纪将近40亿年（距今46亿～5.4亿年,通常称为前寒武纪）的气候演变是一个具有特殊难度和挑战性的研究领域,同时也是基础和前沿的研究领域。文章选择了前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题进行综述：大气演化、两次全球性的冰川期以及暗弱太阳问题。关于大气演化,本文首先描述了大气成分的演化历史,然后简述了影响大气成分演化的三个基本过程：大气逃逸、两次大气氧含量突然增加、碳酸盐-硅酸盐循环及其对气候系统的负反馈作用。两次全球性的冰川期分别发生在古元古代（距今24亿～21亿年）和新元古代（距今8亿～5.8亿年）,文章简述了其成因以及相关的气候模拟结果。暗弱太阳问题是地球历史气候演化的一个经典问题,论文简要地综述了一些最新的研究成果和观点。     

淮河流域水文极值预测模型研究

为探索气候变化影响下水文极值的非平稳性和预测方法,建立了水文极值非平稳广义极值（GEV）分布的统计预测模型。利用1952-2010年淮河上游流域累计面雨量和流量年最大值资料、同期500 hPa环流特征量资料以及17个CMIP5模式对环流特征量的模拟结果,筛选出对水文极值影响显著的年平均北半球极涡强度指数作为GEV分布参数的预测因子。分析了在RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下2006-2050年淮河上游流域水文极值对气候变化的响应。结果表明,10年以下与10年以上重现期的水文极值在非平稳过程中呈现前者下降而后者上升的相反变化趋势;多模型预测的集合平均在未来情景中均呈现上升趋势,情景排放量越大增幅越大,重现期越长增幅也越大。与极值的常态相比,极值的极端态更易受气候变化影响。     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.