不同纺速PET纤维的红外光谱

用红外光谱研究了纺速对PET纤维结晶度和取向度的影响。发现PET纤维的结晶度和取向度随纺速的增加而增加,且结晶度和取向度与纺速的关系曲线的斜率都在纺速3300m/min处出现明显改变。表明纺速低于3300m/min的纤维随纺速增加以增加纤维的取向度为主,而高于3300m/min的纤维则以增加结晶度为主。认为纺速为3300m/min的PET纤维中中介态趋于饱和,因而易于诱发结晶。X-射线衍射与DSC测试结果均与此相符。     

PET/PTT双组分弹性长丝的结晶取向结构和卷曲性能

为研制军官礼服用PET/PTT双组分弹性长丝,在纺丝加工工艺研究的基础上,通过声速法、WAXD、DSC、Instron5566对典型工艺下的弹性长丝进行了结晶和取向结构及卷曲性能的测试分析.在可纺的前提下,PET/PTT两组分复合纺丝中,PET组分优先结晶,具有高于其单组分纤维的拉伸诱导取向和结晶;而PTT组分只有形变,其结晶度和晶区取向均低于其对应的单组分纤维.在实验条件范围内,两组分粘度差异越大,纤维的卷曲伸长率和收缩率越大、声速取向因子增加、各单组分结晶度增加;两组分质量比为50/50时,纤维有最大的卷曲伸长率和收缩率,且各单组分结晶度随该两组分含量差异的增加而减少,而声速取向变化相反;随牵伸比的增加,纤维的整体取向、各组分结晶度均有所增加,卷曲伸长和收缩率也增加.牵伸温度和定型温度对双组分纤维的结构和卷曲性能影响较小.     

低中高速纺PET纤维的结构特征和中速纺PET纤维的结构转变

本文用密度法、DSC和x射线衍射研究了PET纤维的纺速对结晶度和其他结构参数的影响,发现结晶度和某些结构参数在纺速3300m/min下出现不连续变化,预示该中速纺的纤维容易诱发结晶。通过分析该中速纺纤维在低于Tg的不同温度下于定长(受约束)和不定长(可自由松弛)下热处理后各结构参数的相互关系,探讨了其结晶机制,说明其容易诱发结晶的原因是中介态含量接近饱和状态。     

可调制润湿性和力学性能的电纺纤维膜的制备与性能研究

采用静电纺丝技术分别制备了无规排列和高度取向排列的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和PET/CA(柠檬酸)4种纤维膜,对它们的润湿性能和力学性能进行了研究,同时研究了纤维膜厚度对膜的力学性能的影响.研究结果表明,与无规排列的PET纤维膜相比,取向排列的PET纤维膜沿纤维取向方向的力学性能有了很大的提高,而断裂伸长率略有下降;加入柠檬酸(CA)后,PET/CA复合纤维膜的表面水接触角从132.3!减少到0!,且取向排列的纤维膜比无规排列的纤维膜更易润湿;无规排列的复合纤维膜的力学性能因加入CA而大幅下降,取向排列的PET/CA纤维膜沿纤维取向方向的力学性能下降较小,而无规排列的PET/CA纤维膜的断裂伸长率从284.1%增加到444.5%.无规排列纤维膜的力学性能随膜厚度的增加先提高,后来又下降,而取向排列的纤维膜沿纤维取向方向的力学性能随膜厚度增加而单调增加.     

高速纺PET纤维结构第三态的初步探讨

本文应用计算分峰的原理,用系数不同的不对称高斯函数去分别表征PET纤维的中介态和无取向非晶态的X衍射,并在实验上设法把这两种衍射区分开来,从而建立了能够测算纤维中晶态、中介态和无取向非晶态的相对含量的方法。用这方法研究了高速纺PET拉伸丝在各温度下热处理时的结构,结果表明,纤维的结晶度随热处理温度升高而相应增加,但中介态含量、无取向非晶态含量及许多性质在130—160℃之间出现转折。作者从中介态在热理处时可能发生解取向松驰和发生结晶的综合变化加以解释,DSC的研究结果符合上述观点。     

聚己内酯/聚丁内酰胺电纺纤维的制备及性能

通过溶液静电纺丝法制备了聚己内酯/聚丁内酰胺（PCL/PBL）电纺纤维膜。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、水相接触角测量仪、原子力显微镜（AFM）、能谱仪（EDS）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、热重分析仪（TGA）、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、电子万能拉力机对PCL/PBL电纺纤维的形貌、亲疏水性、结晶性能、热性能及力学性能进行了研究。结果表明，随着PBL含量的增加，纤维直径增大、分布变窄，且纤维膜的亲水性明显改善；PCL与PBL有一定相容性，PCL/PBL电纺纤维膜的结晶度高于PCL或PBL均聚物电纺纤维膜，并随PBL含量增加而提高；PCL/PBL电纺纤维膜中PCL熔点随PBL含量增加而略有增加，PBL组分的熔点则基本不变。两组分的结晶温度和纤维膜热稳定性均随PBL含量增加而降低。PBL的加入使电纺纤维膜的力学性能明显提高。     

PET纤维晶区取向与非晶区取向的关系

本文用X—射线衍射方法测定了不同纺速的PET初生纤维在不同热处理条件下的晶区取向因子及非晶区取向因子,并探讨了它们的关系。实验表明,在低、中速纺时,通过定长热处理生成的晶区其取向因子取决于热处理前非晶区的取向因子,而在非定长热处理时,非昌区先解取向,所生成的晶区其取向因子取决于热处理后的非晶区取向因子;而在高速纺下直接生成的晶区其取向因子取决于纺速,而与热处理方式关系不大。     

涤纶高速纺预取向丝的动态力学性质研究

本文对1500—5000米/分纺速的PET预取向丝进行动态力学试验,其α内耗峰表现为三种情况:α_1、α_2单峰及介于这两者之间的α_1、α_2峰的速加峰。这反映了随纺速增加,预取向丝非晶态结构从自由非晶态-双重非晶态-网络间非晶态的结构变化。 为了把预取向丝的分子运动与纤维成形、结构与力学性质联系起来,我们引入了分子运动参数ψ,并定义ψ=H_(max)~?W~(-b)T_(max)~(-c)。实验结果表明,分子运动参数甲与其结构参数、力学性质有很好的相关性。     

取向、结晶、γ辐照聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)驻极体的陷阱性质

用拉伸、热处理和γ射线辐照的方法制备了一系列具有不同平面取向度、不同结晶度和不同分子链长度的PET试样.随平面取向度、结晶度和辐照剂量的增大,平均陷阱深度加深.由拉伸取向形成的结构陷阱俘获载流子能力随取向度增大而提高;由γ辐照形成的结构陷阱对俘获载流子的限制能力随辐照剂量增大而降低;由热结晶形成的结构陷阱俘获载流子能力在结晶度为20％时达到极值.提出了相应的三种陷阱模型.     

取向、结晶、γ辐照聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)驻极体的陷阱性质

 用拉伸、热处理和γ射线辐照的方法制备了一系列具有不同平面取向度、不同结晶度和不同分子链长度的PET试样.随平面取向度、结晶度和辐照剂量的增大,平均陷阱深度加深.由拉伸取向形成的结构陷阱俘获载流子能力随取向度增大而提高;由γ辐照形成的结构陷阱对俘获载流子的限制能力随辐照剂量增大而降低;由热结晶形成的结构陷阱俘获载流子能力在结晶度为20％时达到极值.提出了相应的三种陷阱模型.     

Fiber structure development in high‐speed melt spinning of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)—On‐line measurement of birefringence

To investigate the mechanism of fiber structure development for poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) in high‐speed spinning, the PTT fiber was spun with take‐up speeds from 1 to 8 km/min and simultaneously birefringence and diameter in spin‐line were measured by on‐line measurement system. The orientation‐induced crystallization of PTT fiber started to be developed at 3–4 km/min, where an abrupt decrease in diameter and an increase in birefringence appeared. The birefringence increased up to 4 km/min, decreased suddenly, and then increased gradually. The sudden decrease of birefringence at 4–5 km/min might be caused by an increase of crystalline fraction due to the fact that the intrinsic crystalline birefringence of PTT is over 10 times as low as that of PET. In WAXD images, crystalline diffraction emerged faintly at 3 km/min and distinct diffraction arcs were observed at 4–5 km/min and above. The diffraction intensity increased and the tilting angle also increased with take‐up speed. The long period structure observed in SAXS pattern started to emerge at 6 km/min, and its scattering intensity increased with take‐up speed. The long period structure was ～11–12 nm long. The cold crystallization temperature in DSC thermogram shifted to lower temperature and diminished due to the orientation‐induced crystallization as take‐up speed increased, but the melting temperature hardly increased unlike PBT and PET. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 847–856, 2008     

Dynamics of hot-tube spinning from crystallizing polymer melts

Computer modeling is applied to discuss hot-tube effects in melt spinning from crystallizing polymers. The set of spinning equations used in the model accounts for stress-induced crystallization, crystallinity-dependent melt viscosity and heat of crystallization. Example computations are performed for polyethylene terephthalate assuming temperature-dependent Newtonian viscosity, strongly modified by crystallization. The consequence of coupling of stress-induced crystallization and crystallinity-controlled solidification is limited range of spinning speeds, and multiple solutions of the dynamic equations of spinning. The range of admissible spinning speeds and multiple (amorphous and crystalline) solutions is strongly affected by the hot-tube temperature.It is predicted that zone heating, with temperatures above glass transition (hot tube), results in considerable increase of amorphous orientation factor for moderate take-up speeds. In the high speed spinning range, the orientation effects saturate and does not exceed the values predicted for high-speed room-temperature spinning. Application of the hot tube is also predicted to reduce considerably take-up stress.Available experimental data on amorphous orientation in PET fibers spun by hot-tube technique are in qualitative agreement with the model predictions.     

溶剂对不同纺速PET纤维聚集态结构的影响

用密度法,DSC,PLM 等方法研究了在29.5±0.2℃温度下,低、中、高速纺 PET 纤维在1,2-二氯乙烷中浸渍不同时间的聚集态结构变化。并测量了它们的无负荷自由收缩。结果表明,良溶剂对不同纺速 PET 纤维的诱导结晶过程与无定形 PET[1]不同。映证了前文[2]关于不同纺速 PET 纤维结构特征的结论,并指出中速纺纤维结构的径向分布较低速和高速纺纤维更不均匀。     

Structure–properties relationship in spun fibers of poly(ethylene terephthalate): Comparisons between samples obtained by terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate processes

Some properties and structural aspects of fibers obtained by spinning, in a wide range of take-up speed (2,800–4,400 m/min), of commercial samples of PET, produced by dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and the terephthalic acid (TPA) processes, are compared. For a same take-up speed, the considered fibers from TPA are spun at lower pack pressures and always show higher tenacity and lower ductility than fibers from DMT. X-ray diffraction, density, and birefringence measurements indicate that, for the fibers from the DMT process, an earlier crystallization occurs which prevents the progress of the orientation of the amorphous phase. The lower molecular orientation in the amorphous phase of the fibers from DMT, in turn, accounts for their lower tenacity. The earlier crystallization of the fibers from DMT would be related to their slightly higher melting temperatures and melt viscosities, which could be due to the lower amount of constitutional defects (diethylene glycol content) in the considered PET samples from DMT compared with those from TPA. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35 : 889–896, 1997     

取向对物理老化的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯纤维溶剂诱导结晶速率的影响

通过密度法、ＤＳＣ、力学性能测试等方法研究了物理老化对聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（ＰＥＴ）纤维溶剂诱导结晶速率及结构的影响，并进一步探讨了取向程度对ＰＥＴ纤维物理老化过程的影响．发现在一定老化温度下，ＰＥＴ纤维的溶剂诱导结晶（ＳＩＮＣ）速率随老化时间的延长呈现先降低后升高的趋势；取向程度高的样品则经较短的老化时间即可出现这种情况．对上述现象用凝聚缠结的观点加以解释．     

聚丙烯高速纺丝的研究

研究了分子量、分子量分布及纺丝工艺条件对聚丙烯高速纺得卷绕丝的结构及力学性质的影响。结果表明:改变聚丙烯树脂和调节纺丝工艺条件(如绕丝速度、纺丝温度和泵供量等)可以获得各种织构的聚丙烯纤维。适当选择上述参数以控制或改变卷绕丝的织构可提高高速纺出聚丙烯纤维的质量。     

Analysis of the 1030-cm−1 band of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers using polarized raman microscopy

Polarized Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze uniaxially oriented fibers of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers. The second-order and fourth-order Legendre polynomials of the orientation distribution function of the 1030-cm⁻¹ vibrational band were determined to be zero for samples of low-to-moderate orientation. Because this band was assigned to the gauche conformation of the ethylene glycol unit, the orientation of the gauche configuration of ethylene glycol units in PET for PET of low-to-moderate orientation was random. This was consistent with the assumptions used by Ward and coworkers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 47–52, 2004     

Effects of take‐up speed on the structure and properties of melt‐spun poly(L‐lactic acid) fibers

Poly(L ‐lactic acid) (PLLA) filament fibers were prepared by one‐step melt spinning process and the effects of variations in take‐up speed on their thermal properties, mechanical properties, and crystalline structures were investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results revealed that the PLLA fibers showed multiple melting peaks and that the melting peak appearing at a lower temperature moved lower while that at a higher temperature moved higher with increasing take‐up speed. The glass transition temperature (T_g) obtained from dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) increased with increasing take‐up speed. The tenacity increased and the boiling water shrinkage (BWS) decreased with increasing take‐up speed. However, these mechanical and thermal properties were stabilized at take‐up speeds over 3500 m/min. The melt‐spun PLLA fibers of this study showed an α‐form crystal structure which was not affected by the take‐up speed. The change in the tendency of the thermal and mechanical properties at around 3500 m/min did not appear to result from the change in crystal form but rather from the change in crystallite size and crystallite orientation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Transverse heterogeneity in PET fibers

X-ray scattering from a series of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers spun at differet speeds is analyzed to probe the morphology in the direction transverse to the fiber axis. Both the apparent crystal modulus, determined from the change in wide-angle X-ray scattering angle with fiber stretching, and the transverse degree of crystallinity indicate there is a substantial interfiberillar amorphous content. In the PET fiber spun at conventional speeds, only roughly one-quarter of the fiber cross-section is actually occupied by fibrils. The transverse crystallinity increases for fibers spun at speeds sufficient to cause crystallization in the spin line. The X-ray moduli and fibril diameters are correspondingly larger in these high speed spun fibers. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.