强磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子的制备及其性能表征

采用共沉淀法在无N2气保护下制备了比饱和磁化强度达到75 9emu g的强磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子。在用NaOH溶液沉淀Fe3+和Fe2+混合溶液的过程中,考察了n(Fe2+)∶n(Fe3+)、晶化时间、晶化温度、总铁浓度和NaOH溶液浓度等条件对Fe3O4纳米粒子的粒径分布及磁性的影响。当n(Fe2+)∶n(Fe3+)=5 5∶1 0,晶化时间为2h,晶化温度为50℃时,Fe3O4纳米粒子磁性最佳。所制得的Fe3O4粒子为结晶完整、具有较高纯度和粒径分布均匀的立方体形纳米颗粒;其相变温度随着Fe3O4纳米粒子粒径的减小而降低。Fe3O4纳米粒子的等电点约为pH=7 2。     

Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子的共沉淀法制备研究

叙述了以液相共沉淀法制备纳米磁性Fe3O4粒子的工艺,研究了反应搅拌速度、n(Fe3+)/n(Fe2+)的比例、pH值和熟化温度对制备纳米Fe3O4粒子的影响,并利用透射电镜表征观察Fe3O4纳米粒子的形貌。研究结果表明,在搅拌速度较快的情况下制备纳米级Fe3O4颗粒的最佳合成工艺条件为:n(Fe3+)/n(Fe2+)为1.8∶1(摩尔比),熟化温度70℃,熟化时间30 min,以氨水作沉淀剂最佳pH值是9左右,可制得纯度较高,粒径小于10 nmFe3O4磁性粒子。     

化学共沉淀法制备纳米四氧化三铁粉体

采用化学共沉淀法制备纳米Fe3O4粉体,并用聚乙二醇表面活性剂进行表面改性,在铁离子浓度比Fe2＋：Fe3＋=1：2时,对制备工艺影响因素进行了讨论。通过实验得到的最佳工艺条件为：控制温度介于40～60℃,最佳的pH取值为9,聚乙二醇的适宜用量取5～10 mL。采用TEM观测制备的纳米Fe3O4颗粒的形貌及其大小,得到的纳米Fe3O4颗粒粒径为20～50 nm之间。     

醇水法制备Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒工艺优化

采用醇水法制备纳米Fe3O4,用正交实验法考察Fe3+与Fe2+的比例、反应温度、总铁浓度和醇水比对纳米Fe3O4粒径的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺为醇水比为1∶1,Fe3+/Fe2+的摩尔比为2∶1,总铁浓度为0.03 mol/L,反应温度为80℃。用XRD,TEM,FT-IR,VSM对所制备纳米颗粒进行结构和性能的表征。     

四氧化三铁纳米粒子合成及表征

采用化学共沉淀法制备纳米磁性Fe3O4粒子。选用NH3.H2O作为沉淀剂,加入到Fe2+和Fe3+的混合溶液中,制得了纳米磁性Fe3O4粒子。考察了影响产物粒径及性能的一些因素,并对其进行了初步性能表征。     

微波水热法制备超顺磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子

采用微波水热法制备超顺磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子,讨论了[Fe3 ]/[Fe2 ]、晶化温度、晶化时间、pH值4因素对平均粒度大小的影响,探索Fe3O4纳米粒子的最佳制备条件,在该基础上采用油酸对其进行表面改性。利用XRD、FT-IR、TEM和VSM对Fe3O4纳米粒子的结构、形貌、磁性能进行表征。结果表明,改性后的纳米Fe3O4粒子为粒度均匀的球形,具有良好的分散性,平均粒径约8 nm;该产物具有超顺磁性,饱和磁化强度为61.8 emu/g。     

Fe3O4纳米晶表面裹负SiO2的制备研究

纳米材料又称超微颗粒材料,是由纳米粒子组成,具有纳米尺寸效应。纳米材料用于化学反应会呈现出不同寻常的反应性能。磁性纳米材料作为一种新型的纳米材料,具有不同于常规材料的独特效应,如量子尺寸效应、表面效应、小尺寸效应、宏观量子隧道效应及顺磁效应等,这些效应使磁性纳米粒子具有不同于常规材料的光、电、声、热、磁敏感特性。近年来有关磁性纳米材料的研究备受瞩目。特别是Fe3O4纳米晶,由于其优异的磁性和表面活性及其在磁流体、微波吸收材料、水处理、催化、生物医药、生物分离等方面的应用前景,正在成为众多领域研究的热点。基于Fe3O4纳米晶的磁性纳米催化剂兼有了磁性纳米材料的所有独特性能,将其应用于催化领域,会呈现出常规催化材料所不具备的催化性能。目前液相制备Fe3O4纳米晶的液相方法主要有沉淀法、水热法、溶胶-凝胶法、微乳液法、微波超声法等。这几种方法制得的Fe3O4纳米晶有较大的差异,往往因其在不同领域的应用而采用不同的方法制备Fe3O4纳米晶。结合前人研究成果,笔者采用共沉淀法在无氮气保护的条件下制备出了粒径分布在15 nm±4 nm之间的Fe3O4纳米晶。考察了n(Fe^2+)/n(Fe^3+)、晶化时间、晶化温度、pH值对Fe3O4纳米颗粒粒径分布的影响,并在Fe3O4纳米晶表面裹负SiO2,提高了其抗氧化性能并增强其表面修饰性能,为进一步表面裹负金属活性组分制备磁性纳米催化剂打下基础。     

油相稳定分散Fe3O4纳米粒子的制备研究

分别采用热分解法及共沉淀油酸同步修饰法制备了2种可以在油相稳定分散的Fe3O4纳米粒子,并对热分解法制备Fe3O4纳米粒子的反应条件进行了优化,考察了热分解温度、熟化时间对颗粒粒径、形貌及磁性能的影响。通过TEM、VSM和FTIR等表征手段对2种方法制备的Fe3O4纳米粒子的油相分散稳定性、颗粒形貌及粒径、比饱和磁化强度及表面性质进行了比较。结果表明:热分解法制备的Fe3O4纳米粒子表现出更好的油相分散稳定性,共沉淀油酸同步修饰法制备的Fe3O4纳米粒子则表现出更好的磁响应性。     

Fe3O4磁粉的合成与结构表征

采用化学共沉淀法制备纳米磁性Fe3O4粒子。选用NH3.H2O作为沉淀剂,加入到Fe2+和Fe3+的混合盐溶液中,制得了纳米磁性Fe3O4粒子。考察了影响产物粒径的一些实验因素。通过X-Ray谱图证实了产物结构特征,平均粒径在37 nm左右,平均晶粒度只有28 nm左右的均分散。     

磁性纳米四氧化三铁的制备工艺及其表面改性

采用共沉淀法制备纳米Fe3O4胶体溶液,并用油酸钠对其进行包覆改性。制备了不同条件下的纳米Fe3O4粒子,用X射线分析仪、振动样品磁强计、扫描电子显微镜、傅立叶红外光谱仪对产品进行分析表征。探讨了制备纳米Fe3O4的最佳工艺条件以及油酸钠改性的可行性。结果表明,Fe3+和Fe2+的摩尔比为4∶2时,反应1.0 h,50℃晶化1.0 h,制备的Fe3O4晶粒度为11.2 nm,磁饱和强度为56.337 emu/g;油酸钠用于Fe3O4改性,包覆效果良好。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。