政府与行业协会商会间行文演进研究

清政府、中华民国和中华人民共和国成立后这三个不同时期,政府与行业协会商会的关系主要表现为协助、制衡和新型合作形态的建立。公文是政府权力的外在表现,其程式和内容可以直接反映政府对行业协会商会的管理思路和手段;行业协会商会亦可通过公文表达其观点和立场。研究不同时期政会间行文演进情况,进而对政会间新型关系下的行文方式等提出看法。     

期刊文献分布特征的分析

以1999-2003年生物技术学科期刊文献分布曲线为依据,利用知识密度梯度graduR(n)的概念,对知识场中文献分布特征进行分析。结果表明,在任何一个学科的知识场中,集中区文献分布呈间断性变化,离散区文献分布呈连续性变化,从而构成期刊文献分布的基本特征。基于此,指出期刊文献分布特征研究是对文献分布规律的进一步描述。     

引文信息在科技文献检索中的应用

科技文献之间的相互引证关系反映了一种科学交流活动 ,显示了科学文献之间 (甚至是学科之间 )的内在联系 ,而通过追溯文献之间的这种关系 ,可以改善传统的基于内容的科技文献检索的方法。本文应用一篇文章的被引用信息提出了文献的“重要性”的概念 ,并将它应用到基于内容的检索结果的排序中。     

基于本体知识库的模糊信息检索研究

信息检索采用知识组织可提高返回语义相关的文档数量与初始用户查询相关度的质量。文章提出的模糊信息检索模型可为信息检索提供一种编码知识库结构,该知识库由多相关本体组成,本体的关系表示为模糊关系。在这种知识组织中使用一种新方法来扩展用户初始查询和索引文档集,独立表示本体以及概念间的关系。实验结果表明,与另一经典的模糊信息检索方法相比,提出的模型具有更好的整体性能比。     

《情报学报》与我国情报学发展(Ⅱ)--《情报学报》创刊20年来引用文献的计量分析

《情报学报》是公认的我国情报学权威期刊 ,不仅发表了大量情报学论文 ,同时其引用文献更是覆盖了中外情报学及其相关领域的重要文献。其引用文献的数量、语种、类型、年代分布、学科分布、来源期刊、自引等数据不仅可以客观公正地评价《学报》的学科地位 ,也可以更加全面地把握我国情报学发展的动态过程、特点和规律 ,以及与相关学科的关系     

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根据集合论的关系理论,从文献集上等价关系和分类出发,论证文献特征集结构含有族性结构的形式。     

Summarizing Similarities and Differences Among Related Documents

In many modern information retrieval applications, a common problem which arises is the existence of multiple documents covering similar information, as in the case of multiple news stories about an event or a sequence of events. A particular challenge for text summarization is to be able to summarize the similarities and differences in information content among these documents. The approach described here exploits the results of recent progress in information extraction to represent salient units of text and their relationships. By exploiting meaningful relations between units based on an analysis of text cohesion and the context in which the comparison is desired, the summarizer can pinpoint similarities and differences, and align text segments. In evaluation experiments, these techniques for exploiting cohesion relations result in summaries which (i) help users more quickly complete a retrieval task (ii) result in improved alignment accuracy over baselines, and (iii) improve identification of topic-relevant similarities and differences.     

Spatial Discovery of Linked Research Datasets and Documents at a Spatially Enabled Research Library

Current publishing practices in academia tend to result in datasets that are difficult to discover. This is because datasets are not well-integrated across academic domains and they are often not linked to the documents that reference them. For these reasons, discovering datasets across domains can be challenging; for example, discovering archeological observations and biological specimens using the same search is not widely supported, even if both datasets share a similar spatial extent, like Mesoamerica. It is also challenging to retrieve relevant documents that reference datasets; for example, retrieving a series of field reports that reference archeological observations is typically not supported. Our work develops an extensible method for: (1) geographically integrating collections across disciplinary repositories and (2) connecting datasets to related documents. We describe a collection of spatially-referenced researcher datasets, capturing their metadata elements and encoding them as linked open data. We then leverage existing library services to formalize links from datasets to documents. The system described in this work has been deployed, resulting in an experimental open data site for the UCSB campus. Results indicate that this system can be scaled-up with support from an institutional repository in the near future.     

Citation analysis for collection development: A study of international relations journal literature

By examining citations in international relations journal articles published between 2000 and 2005, this study reveals that international relations scholars more heavily rely on books rather than on journals. Less than 2% of the citations are from electronic resources. Materials in foreign languages are utilized insignificantly, with English language citations dominating the research literature. The analysis of subject scatter details the main disciplines that are associated with international relations research. Qualitative scholars cite a higher proportion of monographic literature, while quantitative scholars display a higher journal citation rate.     

Development of methodologic tools for planning and managing library services. II. Measuring a library's capability for providing documents

A method of measuring a library's capability for providing the documents its users need has been developed. The library is tested with a representative sample of such documents to determine how long would be required for users to obtain these documents. Test results are expressed in terms of a Capability Index, which has a maximal value of 100 only if all the sample documents are found "on shelf." Specific tests employing samples of 300 documents have been developed that are appropriate for academic and for "reservoir" biomedical libraries. Realistic field trials have demonstrated that these two tests are practical to administer and that test results are adequately reproducible. When strict comparability is not important, a library can test itself. In assessing a reservoir library, test results are supplemented by data on its typical processing time for interlibrary loan requests. Currently these tests are being used in a national survey. The general method is applicable to other types of libraries, provided appropriate test samples are established. If their limitations are clearly understood, these "Document Delivery Tests" can be valuable tools for planning and managing library services.     

基于共链分析的高校图书馆网络结构研究

选取全球30个高校的图书馆网站,通过Yahoo!搜集其共链数据,并利用聚类分析、多维尺度分析和网络可视化分析法描述和解释高校图书馆的网络结构及其成因,揭示各馆的网络角色,明晰当代全球高校图书馆网络群体的群落划分及其相互关系,并为我国的高校图书馆建设事业提出建议。     

中国黑水城文献的百年沧桑

介绍黑水城文献是中国西夏学研究重要的原始文献资料,自发现以来几乎全部被掠夺流失海外。在论述黑水城文献的发现、内容、形式以及学术价值基础上,重点对黑水城文献的海外流布与回归问题进行全面揭示,希望为更多欲了解研究黑水城文献的人们提供参考。     

Government Publications in Academic Science and Technology Libraries

There is a significant volume of scientific and technical documents, as opposed to report literature, available from federal and state government agencies. There is also a considerable number of government journals in the sciences containing research related information. Yet, there are not many studies available in library literature about the value of such materials to and their use by academic science and technology faculty in their teaching or research. The few surveys which have been conducted in the past point towards a lower minimal use of these documents. This, however, is not enough evidence to justify a generalization that scientific and technical documents fall under the low use category in academic libraries. Assuming that this is so, one needs to find out whether any programs like SDI by subject bibliographers can be instituted to augment user awareness. The article raises some pertinent questions relating to this topic, such as, how academic scientists become aware of the existence of these documents, what is their utility in academic teaching and research, how has the online and ondisc technology affected their use and finally, whether the publishing habits of academic scientists and technologists have any bearing on the library use patterns of these documents.     

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本文回顾了过去的几种有代表性的文献定义,在对构成文献的诸因素逐一进行分析的基础上,揭示了文献的一级本质和二级本质,提出了一种新的定义:文献是以一定的方式记录有人类观念信息并作为人类观念信息间接交流中介的人工固态载体。     

Why current IR engines fail

Observations from a unique investigation of failure analysis of Information Retrieval research engines held in 2003 are presented. The Reliable Information Access Workshop invited seven leading IR research groups to supply both their systems and their experts to an effort to analyze why their systems fail on some topics and whether the failures are due to system flaws, approach flaws, or the topic itself. There were surprising results from this cross-system failure analysis. One is that despite systems retrieving very different documents, the major cause of failure for any particular topic was almost always the same across all systems. Another is that relationships between aspects of a topic are not especially important for state-of-the-art systems; the systems are failing at a much more basic level where the top-retrieved documents are not reflecting some aspect at all. The investigatory framework and the lessons learned can serve as a model for needed future research in this area.     

Effective instruction needed to improve students' use of government documents

Findings from an analysis of printer data in the Walter Stiern Library at California State University, Bakersfield (CSUB), revealed that government documents accounted for about 5% of the total materials printed. A comparison of these findings with circulation statistics for government documents showed that students are more likely to print web-based government documents than to check out their paper counterparts. However, neither paper nor electronic government documents were accessed at levels indicating extensive use. This study indicates that students are neglecting important materials in their research and that instructors need to further incorporate the use of government documents into their course requirements. Collaborative instruction between librarians and teaching faculty can promote access to the rapidly developing digital collections of government documents.     

On the efficient methods for searching for scientific information on the internet and the rights of users for disposal of the obtained data

This paper notes the interrelations between the types and methods of information searches, including Internet searches. It suggests the general approach for making a search for documents on the Internet, for example, scientific articles on information and communication. The methods for information searches used on the Internet are characterized with placing a particular emphasis on the method of searching with the use of search systems. General recommendations for successful conduction of searches are advanced to increase their efficiency. The goals and problems faced by a user during scientific information searches are presented. A user’s rights for the results of a search for scientific information are described from the standpoint of legal relations regulated by Russian legislation. Copyright protection methods are also considered based on Russian and foreign legislation.     

明代《孔府档案》中文书形态的认定

明代《孔府档案》在形成、流转的过程中,产生了不同的文书形态,这些文书形态可作为考察明代孔府日常文书制作、行政事务处理实态的切入点。明代《孔府档案》中的文书形态有草稿、定稿、正本、存本、副本及抄件,不同文书形态的形制、内容、施用对象有一定差别,其认定要件也各不相同。厘清档案中的文书形态,既能方便对其进行整理,亦能有利于判定其史料价值及各方面的利用。此认定方法具有共通性,同时适用于对其他档案的文书形态认定。     

Pawns in a Chess Game

The Spanish Service was established in June 1939, two months after the end of the civil war in Spain and shortly before the start of the Second World War. Its implementation was strongly affected by these conflicts in the context of new international relations. Therefore, this study of the Spanish Service during 1939–1945 allows not only a better understanding of the communicational strategies developed by the BBC, but also of the complex Anglo-Spanish relations and the important role played by the Spanish-language broadcasts therein. The study is mainly based on archival documents from the National Archives in London and memoirs.