酶诱发均匀沉淀法制备纳米Fe2O3

以硝酸铁和尿素为原料，草酸为掩蔽剂，室温下采用脲酶催化分解尿素诱发均匀沉淀，制备了纳米氧化铁前驱物。经TG-DTA，KFIR，XRD等测试表明，前驱物经热处理(500℃，2h)后，可得到α-Fe2O3纳米微粒，平均粒径44nm；SEM测试显示，Fe2O3粒子呈球形且大小很均匀，但存在团聚问题尚待解决。     

酶诱发均匀沉淀法制备纳米Fe2O3

以硝酸铁和尿素为原料,草酸为掩蔽剂,室温下采用脲酶催化分解尿素诱发均匀沉淀,制备了纳米氧化铁前驱物.经TG-DTA,FTIR,XRD等测试表明,前驱物经热处理(500 ℃,2 h)后,可得到α-Fe     

表面活性剂对氢氧化镍制备的影响

近年来,在Ni(OH)2的制备中使用表面活性剂主要是制备纳米Ni(OH)2或超微粉末[1-4]。但由于纳米级或超微粉末Ni(OH)2不适合于目前以泡沫镍为基体的Ni-MH电池的生产,所以本实验制备Ni(OH)2晶体时,加入适量表面活性剂对颗粒表面进行改性,控制颗粒的生长和团聚,制备微米级Ni(OH)2。1实验部分以氨作配合剂利用化学沉淀法将硫酸镍溶液、氢氧化钠溶液、表面活性剂溶液、氨水以一定的比例并流加入反应器,连续搅拌,控制反应温度在50~60℃,pH值10~12之间。反应14~16 h后停止加料,陈化约8 h后,固液分离,洗涤沉淀,烘干得到氢氧化镍产品。在制备过…     

纳米氢氧化镍掺杂镍电极的电化学性能

介绍了一种通过合成草酸镍,进而生成纳米Ni(OH)2的新的合成路线.X射线衍射以及红外光谱测试结果表明,得到的Ni(OH)2为β型.通过透射电镜观察到,合成的Ni(OH)2样品呈针状,长度在100～200 nm之间,直径为10～20 nm.对掺杂质量分数8%纳米级氢氧化镍的电极的电化学性能进行了测试,可以发现:放电容量比未掺杂的球形氢氧化镍电极提高了9.6%,且经过10次循环以后放电容量仍能达到原来的94%.     

纳米金属粉及Fe2O3对高氯酸铵热分解的催化性能研究

用热分析法研究了纳米金属粉(Ni,Cu和Al)以及纳米Fe2O3对高氯酸铵(AP)热分解的催化性能.结果表明,质量分数为5%的纳米镍粉、铜粉和铝粉可以明显降低AP的高温分解温度,显示出对AP高温分解反应很好的催化活性;纳米铜粉对AP的低温分解也有很好的催化作用,而纳米镍粉和铝粉却表现出对AP低温分解反应具有一定的阻碍作用.微米级金属粉对AP高温分解反应的催化作用明显小于纳米金属粉.纳米Fe2O3对高氯酸铵的高温分解具有很好的催化效果,并且其催化效果明显优于微米Fe2O3.纳米Fe2O3与AP进行复合处理,可以提高纳米Fe2O3粒子对AP的催化性能.     

《化学世界》2006年（第47卷）1-12期目录索引

题目期页无机化学钼酸锂与苯骈三氮唑复配对碳钢在溴化锂溶液中的缓蚀作用及其在溴化锂制冷机组中的应用1 1脲酶诱发合成纳米Ni(OH)2及其电化学性能1 5以-βCo(OH)2为前驱体合成LiCoO2的研究1 9氯碱用全氟离子交换膜(PFIEM)污染与再生的研究2 65纳米MoS2的制备及其与聚吡咯合物     

均匀沉淀法制备不同粒径的纳米Cu（OH）2

以无水硫酸铜和氢氧化钡为原料,采用均匀沉淀法研究了不同粒径纳米Cu（OH）2的制备,考察了搅拌温度、硫酸铜溶液浓度等反应条件对纳米Cu（OH）2粒径的影响。实验结果表明,用均匀沉淀法可以制备出不同粒度的纳米Cu（OH）2颗粒。反应条件对纳米Cu（OH）2的粒径有显著影响,反应温度越高,纳米粒子的粒径越小;硫酸铜溶液的浓度越高,纳米粒子的粒径越大。     

均匀沉淀法制备不同粒径的纳米氧化锌

由于纳米氧化锌的功能和用途不同,因而需要制备出不同平均粒径的纳米氧化锌。论文以六水硝酸锌为原料,尿素为沉淀剂,研究了均匀沉淀法制备不同平均粒径纳米氧化锌的工艺条件,讨论了工艺条件对其粒径和产率的影响规律。结果表明:通过均匀沉淀法制备的纳米氧化锌的前驱体为Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2;制备的纳米氧化锌为六方晶系的球形颗粒,平均粒径为20～50nm;纳米氧化锌的产率随反应物浓度的增大、反应温度的升高、反应配比(n尿素/nZn2+)的增大而增大;纳米氧化锌颗粒的平均粒径随反应物浓度的减小、反应温度和煅烧温度的降低而减小。     

纳米Mg(OH)2阻燃PP的性能研究

以微胶囊红磷(MRP)、有机化蒙脱土(OMMT)、SiO2和TiO2等为协效剂,制备了无卤阻燃型PP/纳米Mg(OH):复合材料,并与PP/微米Mg(OH)2复合材料进行比较.氧指数(LOI)测试表明:纳米Mg(OH)2的阻燃效果优于微米Mg(OH)2,OMMT的协效作用最佳.力学性能测试表明:纳米Mg(OH)2阻燃体系的力学性能明显优于微米Mg(OH)2阻燃体系.熔体指数(MI)测试结果表明:随Mg(OH)2含量增加,复合材料的加工性能变差,但纳米Mg(OH)2阻燃体系的加工性能优于微米Mg(OH)2阻燃体系.     

β-MnO2纳米棒催化H2O2降解刚果红的研究

采用热分解纳米结构γ-MnOOH前驱体制备出直径约200 nm、长度接近几十微米的β-MnO2纳米棒,通过XRD和TEM对产物进行了成分与形貌表征。β-MnO2纳米棒作为催化剂对H2O2分解刚果红具有良好的催化性能。实验研究了刚果红初始浓度、H2O2浓度和催化剂用量对刚果红脱色率的影响。进一步研究表明,β-MnO2纳米棒催化H2O2氧化降解刚果红的脱色反应属于2.44级动力学反应,反应速率常数为0.002834(mol/L)-1.44.min-1。经紫外-可见光谱、红外光谱分析表明,催化反应后刚果红分子结构遭到破坏。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.