磺酸树脂催化合成尼泊金酯的研究

以对羟基苯甲酸(PHBA)和丁醇为原料,用磺酸树脂作催化剂,催化合成了尼泊金丁酯,优化反应条件为:n(丁醇):n(对羟基苯甲酸)=5:1,催化剂磺酸树脂的用量为对羟基苯甲酸质量的21%,反应温度为回流温度,反应时间为5 h。尼泊金丁酯收率可达82.6%,催化剂可重复使用,产品结构用红外光谱图进行了表征。该方法也适合于合成尼泊金戊酯。     

甲苯-4-磺酸催化高效合成尼泊金正丁酯防腐剂

以对羟基苯甲酸和正丁醇为主要原料,甲苯-4-磺酸为催化剂,正丁醇为带水剂,催化合成尼泊金正丁酯。考察了原料对羟基苯甲酸和正丁醇的摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间等对反应的影响。结果表明,适宜的反应条件:以0.02 mol对羟基苯甲酸计,n(正丁醇)∶n(对羟基苯甲酸)=4∶1,m(甲苯-4-磺酸)∶m(对羟基苯甲酸)=0.12∶1,反应温度140℃,反应时间3 h。该条件下,重复实验3次,尼泊金正丁酯收率均达99%以上。     

以硫酸氢钾为催化剂催化合成异丁酸异丁酯

以固体硫酸氢钾为催化剂催化合成异丁酸异丁酯,讨论了影响催化酯化的各种因素。其优化的反应条件为:n(异丁酸)∶n(异丁醇)=1∶3.0、n(催化剂)∶n(异丁酸)=0.045∶1、反应时间为2.0 h,此时异丁酸异丁酯的产率约为90%,产品浓度97.04%。该工艺流程简单,易于操作,适宜于工业化生产。     

对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的微波辐射合成法研究

对羟基苯甲酸与正丁醇在对甲苯磺酸催化下,微波辐射法合成对羟基苯甲酸丁酯。考察了酯化反应的各种影响因素,优化的反应条件为:n(对羟基苯甲酸)∶n(正丁醇)=1∶2,微波辐射功率500 W,微波辐射时间30 m in,对羟基苯甲酸丁酯产率为97%。     

微波辐射法合成对羟基苯甲酸丁酯

以对羟基苯甲酸与正丁醇为原料,以硫酸氢钠为催化剂,采用微波辐射法合成了对羟基苯甲酸丁酯。确定最优合成条件为:对羟基苯甲酸10.00 g、n(对羟基苯甲酸)∶n(正丁醇)=1∶3、催化剂用量0.9 g、微波辐射功率500W、微波辐射温度128℃、微波辐射时间30 min,在此条件下,对羟基苯甲酸丁酯产率可达91.3%。     

新型柴油十六烷值改进剂草酸二异丁酯的合成

以草酸和异丁醇为原料,在酸性催化剂作用下进行酯化反应合成出一种新型柴油十六烷值改进剂--草酸二异丁酯.分别考察了硫酸氢钠和对甲苯磺酸对该反应的催化性能,确定了各自的最佳合成条件.以硫酸氢钠为催化剂,在n(醇)∶n(酸)=2.2∶1、ω(催化剂)=6%、带水剂40 mL、反应时间120 min条件下,草酸二异丁酯的产率可达96.3%;以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,在n(醇)∶n(酸)=2.4∶1、ω(催化剂)=2%、带水剂35 mL、反应时间100 min条件下,草酸二异丁酯的产率可达92.1%.在以硫酸氢钠为催化剂时,催化剂重复使用5次,产率变化不大.     

H_3PW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2催化合成对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的研究

采用溶胶-液相法制备了H3PW12O40/TiO2复合催化剂,用FT-IR分析方法对催化剂进行了结构表征。以对羟基苯甲酸和正丁醇为原料合成了对羟基苯甲酸丁酯,考察了反应物配比、催化剂用量、反应时间及催化剂的重复使用性能对产品收率的影响。实验结果表明,合成对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的较优反应条件为:对羟基苯甲酸0.1 mol,n(对羟基苯甲酸)∶n(正丁醇)=1.0∶5.0(摩尔比),催化剂的用量为1.2 g,反应时间4.0 h。上述条件下,对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的收率可达85.0%以上。     

超强酸La~(3+)-SO_4~(2-)TiO_2合成对羟基苯甲酸丁酯

以稀土固体超强酸La3 + SO42 - TiO2 为催化剂,以对羟基苯甲酸与正丁醇为原料催化合成对羟基苯甲酸丁酯,研究了原料量比、催化剂用量和反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。试验结果表明:La3 + SO42 - TiO2 是合成对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的良好催化剂,在n(丁醇) n(对羟基苯甲酸) =4 0 ,催化剂的用量为对羟基苯甲酸质量的3 5 % ,反应时间4 0h ,反应温度12 0℃～130℃,对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的收率达到92 7%。     

硫酸氢钠催化合成苯甲酸异丁酯

研究了以硫酸氢钠为催化剂,苯甲酸和异丁醇直接合成苯甲酸异丁酯的优化反应条件:以0 1mol苯甲酸为基准,n(异丁醇)/n(苯甲酸)=4,催化剂用量为苯甲酸质量的9 5%,反应在回流温度下进行3h,苯甲酸的酯化率可达98 05%,质量分数在99%以上。该催化剂易分离回收,可重复使用。     

固体超强酸La3+-SO42-/TiO2-Fe2O3催化合成对羟基苯甲酸丁酯

以固体超强酸La3+-SO42-/TiO2-Fe2O3为催化剂合成了对羟基苯甲酸丁酯,考察了原料配比、催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间等因素对产品收率的影响。试验结果表明:La3+-SO42-/TiO2-Fe2O3是合成对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的良好催化剂,当n(丁醇)/n(对羟基苯甲酸)=4.0,催化剂用量为对羟基苯甲酸质量的6%,反应温度120℃,反应时间4.0 h,对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的收率达到89.27%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.