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1.
《Ticks and Tick》2020,11(4):101419
Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD) virus is one of India’s severe arboviruses capable of causing prolonged debilitating disease. It has been expanding beyond its historical endemic locus at an alarming rate over the last two decades. The natural nidus of this zoonosis is located in the monsoon rainforest of the Western Ghats, India, which is one of the world’s most important biodiversity hotspots. Definitive reservoir hosts for KFD virus (KFDV) have yet to be delineated, and thus much of the infection ecology of this virus, and its consequent transmission dynamics, remains uncertain. Given its unique biogeographical context, identifying ecological parameters of KFDV relevant to the virus’ epidemiology has been complex and challenging. The challenge has been exacerbated by diminished research efforts in wildlife surveillance over the last two decades, coinciding with the expansion of the range of KFD across the region. The current investigation sought to define a preliminary ecological profile of KFDV hosts based on their life history and feeding traits to aid in re-establishing targeted wildlife surveillance and to discern those ecological traits of wildlife hosts that may improve our understanding of KFD epidemiology. The importance of fast-living among KFDV hosts was of special interest with respect to the latter aim. We compared mammalian traits between host and non-host species using general additive models and phylogenetic generalised linear models. This study found that both body mass and forest forage were strongly associated with mammalian host infection status, but that reproductive life history traits were not. These findings will help in structuring ecologically based wildlife surveillance and field investigations, while also helping to parameterise novel epidemiological models of zoonotic infection risk that incorporate species functional traits in a region where biogeography, landscape ecology, and community ecology manifest extraordinary complexity, particularly under growing anthropogenic pressure. 相似文献
2.
《Ticks and Tick》2020,11(2):101363
Lyme borreliosis caused by spirochaetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) complex is the most common tick-borne disease in Europe. In addition, the relapsing-fever spirochaete Borrelia miyamotoi, which has been associated with febrile illness and meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised persons, is present in Europe. This study investigated Borrelia prevalence and species distribution in ticks removed from humans and sent as diagnostic material to the Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, in 2013-2017. A probe-based real-time PCR was carried out and Borrelia-positive samples were subjected to species determination by reverse line blot (RLB), including a B. miyamotoi-specific probe. The overall Borrelia-infection rate as determined by real-time PCR was 20.02 % (510/2547, 95 % CI: 18.48–21.63 %), with annual prevalences ranging from 17.17 % (90/524, 95 % CI: 14.04–20.68 %) in 2014 to 24.12 % (96/398, 95 % CI: 19.99–28.63 %) in 2015. In total, 271/475 (57.1 %) positive samples available for RLB were successfully differentiated. Borrelia afzelii was detected in 30.53 % of cases (145/475, 95 % CI: 26.41–34.89), followed by B. garinii/B. bavariensis (13.26 % [63/475], 95 % CI: 10.34–16.65). Borrelia valaisiana occurred in 5.89 % (28/475, 95 % CI: 3.95–8.41), B. spielmanii in 4.63 % (22/475, 95 % CI: 2.93–6.93), B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.)/B. carolinensis in 2.32 % (11/475, 95 % CI: 1.16–4.11), B. lusitaniae in 0.63 % (3/475, 95 % CI: 0.13–1.83) and B. bisettiae in 0.42 % (2/475, 95 % CI: 0.05–1.51) of positive ticks. Borrelia kurtenbachii was not detected, while B. miyamotoi was identified in 7.37 % (35/475, 95 % CI: 5.19–10.10) of real-time PCR-positive samples. Sanger sequencing of B. garinii/B. bavariensis-positive ticks revealed that the majority were B. garinii-infections (50/52 successfully amplified samples), while only 2 ticks were infected with B. bavariensis. Furthermore, 6/12 B. burgdorferi s.s./B. carolinensis-positive samples could be differentiated; all of them were identified as B. burgdorferi sensu stricto. Thirty-nine ticks (8.21 %, 95 % CI: 5.90–11.05) were coinfected with two different species. Comparison of the species distribution between ticks removed from humans in 2015 and questing ticks collected in the same year and the same area revealed a significantly higher B. afzelii-prevalence in diagnostic tick samples than in questing ticks, confirming previous observations. The obtained data indicate that Borrelia prevalence fluctuated in the same range as observed in a previous study, analysing the period from 2006 to 2012. Detection of B. miyamotoi in 7.37 % of Borrelia-positive samples points to the fact that clinicians should be aware of this pathogen as a differential diagnosis in cases of febrile illness. 相似文献
3.
蜱媒传染病(TBDs)已成为世界性的公共卫生问题.近年来,随着我国TBDs自然疫源地的扩大与变迁,发病人数呈上升趋势,并且存在病原复合感染的现实威胁和新发病原感染的潜在威胁,对人类的健康造成了严重的危害.此文围绕我国TBDs的流行特征及研究进展进行综述. 相似文献
4.
5.
《Ticks and Tick》2020,11(6):101540
Powassan virus (POWV) is a tickborne flavivirus discovered in Ontario, Canada in 1958 that causes long-term neurological sequelae in about half the reported cases and death in a little more than 10 % of cases. The incidence of POWV disease is rising in the United States but there is limited understanding of the scope and causes of recent changes in POWV epidemiology. We focus on quantifying the increase in human POWV disease incidence and infection prevalence in the United States. We also examine differences in the frequency of symptomatic cases and asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic cases, as well as limitations in national and state surveillance for POWV infection. We searched SCOPUS for all articles containing original POWV prevalence research, case studies, or literature reviews published in English. Case studies were supplemented by Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report POWV data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and surveillance information from state health department websites. An increase in the number of POWV cases has been reported in the United States over the past 50 yr, and the geographic range of human POWV cases has expanded. The age distribution of symptomatic POWV cases has shifted, with significantly more individuals over 40 yr old being diagnosed after 1998. The emergence of POWV is due in large part to: (i) a change in transmission of POWV from a vector that rarely bites people (Ixodes cookei) to a new vector that often bites people (Ixodes scapularis) and has expanded its geographic range, (ii) enhanced surveillance efforts for arboviruses, and (iii) a greater awareness of POWV infection. 相似文献
6.
１９９２～１９９４年，对吉林省珲春地区森林脑炎自然疫源地进行了流行病学调查。从当地嗜群血蜱中分离出了森林脑炎病毒，从黑线姬鼠、大林姬鼠和当地居民血清中查到持异性抗体。从而认为当地仍存在森林脑炎自然疫源地。随着口岸开放，旅游事业发展，外来人群进入，其森林脑炎的威胁有可能增加，应引引重视。 相似文献
7.
2004-2008年高县乙类传染病疫情分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
目的分析2004-2008年高县乙类传染病疫情的流行状况。方法利用中国疾病预防控制中心开发的疾病监测信息报告管理系统中的数据资料,采用描述性流行病学方法对高县2004-2008年法定传染病疫情资料进行分析。结果 2004-2008年高县共报告乙类法定乙类传染病15种4757例,死亡11例。发病率172.13/10万～200.58/10万,年均发病率为185.42/10万,2005年发病率最高为200.58/10万。死亡率为0.43/10万,2006年死亡率最高0.79/10万。结论 2004-2008年高县乙类传染病呈逐年下降态势,死亡率无明显波动。 相似文献
8.
Two species of ixodid tick, Ixodes affinis Neumann and Amblyomma maculatum Koch, are simultaneously expanding their ranges throughout the mid-Atlantic region of the US. Although we have some understanding of the ecology and life history of these species, the ecological mechanisms governing where and how new populations establish and persist are unclear. To assess population connectivity and ancestry, we sequenced a fragment of the 16S mitochondrial rRNA gene from a representative sample of individuals of both species from populations throughout the eastern US. We found that despite overlapping host preferences throughout ontogeny, each species exhibited very different genetic and geographic patterns of population establishment and connectivity. I. affinis was of two distinct mitochondrial clades, with a clear geographic break separating northern and southern populations. Both I. affinis populations showed evidence of recent expansion, although the southern population was more genetically diverse, indicating a longer history of establishment. A. maculatum exhibited diverse haplotypes that showed no significant relationship with geographic patterns and little apparent connectivity between sites. Heteroplasmy was also observed in the 16S mitochondrial rRNA gene in 3.5% of A. maculatum individuals. Genetic evidence suggests that these species rely on different key life stages to successfully disperse into novel environments, and that host vagility, habitat stability and habitat connectivity all play critical roles in the establishment of new tick populations. 相似文献
9.
猴痘是一种由猴痘病毒(mpox virus, MPXV)感染引起的以发热、皮疹、淋巴结肿大为主要临床表现的人兽共患病,2022年以来该病的流行趋势加剧,成为全球关注的公共卫生问题。猴痘作为新发传染病,至今尚无特效药及疗法,将预防关口前移,警惕人群再发风险是各国亟须应对的挑战。本研究针对猴痘流行过程、流行病学特征、暴发原因及预防控制进行综述,为猴痘传播机制研究及疫情防控技术发展提供系统性视野。 相似文献
10.
目的 了解泰州市手足口病聚集性疫情流行特征,为制定防治措施提供依据。方法 收集2011-2014年泰州市手足口病聚集性疫情监测信息,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2011-2014年全市报告手足口病聚集性疫情48起,339人发病,平均罹患率222%(339/15249)。聚集性疫情起数与总病例数分布较为接近,聚集性疫情起数与总病例数相关(rs=0.422,P=0.003)。2011-2014年靖江市报告聚集性疫情起数(24)比海陵区报告数(12)多,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.441,P=0.045)。手足口病聚集性疫情可由一种病毒型别或多种病毒型别混合感染所致,疫情病毒感染类型分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=24.593,P=0.045)。结论 聚集性疫情的早期识别、早处置是防控手足口病的重要措施。 相似文献
11.
蜱传脑炎疑似患者中抗莱姆病螺旋体抗体的调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
作者应用间接免疫荧光抗体法,对黑龙江省林区１２０６例蜱传脑炎疑似患者分别作了抗蜱传脑炎病毒抗体和抗莱姆病螺旋体抗体检查。阳性数前者为２０１例（１６．６７％）,后者为１０２例（８．４６％）,两者均阳性的２８例。表明临床疑似蜱传脑炎患者中有相当数量为莱姆病,并从血清学上证实蜱传脑炎与莱姆病间存在同时或相继的双重感染。 相似文献
12.
目的 分析马鞍山市2008-2011年手足口病(hand,foot and mouth disease,HFMD)报告病例流行特征.方法 收集整理马鞍山市2008 -2011年网络直报的手足口病资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析.结果 马鞍山市2008-2011年共报告手足口病7 583例,年平均发病率为151.01/10万.2010年手足口病发病率最高,为262.23/10万;2008年最低,为56.97/10万.手足口病在时间上,主要集中在4～7月份,占总病例数的64.25％;年龄上,主要集中在1～4岁年龄组,占82.76％;性别上,男女比为1.54∶1.病原学监测结果显示,2009年阳性标本均为肠道病毒71型( enterovirus 71,EV71);2010年阳性标本以柯萨奇病毒A组16型(coxsackievirus A16,CoxA 16)为主,占60.71％;2011年阳性标本以EV71为主,占69.71％.结论 手足口病发病具有明显季节性和人群分布的特点,各年流行的优势型别不同,2009年和2011年主要为EV71,2010年主要为CoxA16. 相似文献
13.
目的了解徐州市心血管病流行现状及主要影响因素,为制订预防控制措施提供依据。方法采用整群分层随机抽样方法,对徐州市35岁以上居民心血管疾病进行流行病学调查分析。结果徐州市35岁以上居民高血压、脑卒中、冠心病患病率分别为26.60%、1.07%、0.99%,随年龄增大而上升,城市居民患病率显著高于农村;家族史、高盐膳食、肥胖、高血压、糖尿病等是心血管疾病的主要危险因素,体育活动、蔬菜水果是其保护因素。结论控制高血压和糖尿病、开展体育活动等,可能是预防控制徐州市心血管疾病的有效措施。 相似文献
14.
The discovery of Borrelia species that were related to the agents of relapsing fever but were transmitted by hard ticks rather than soft ticks challenged previous taxonomies based largely on microbe–host specificities and geographic considerations. One of these newly-identified organisms is the Borrelia miyamotoi sensu lato strain LB-2001 from North America and transmitted by Ixodes scapularis. This or related strains have been identified as the cause of human disease, but comparatively little is known about their biology or genetics. Using recently acquired chromosome sequence of LB-2001 together with database sequences and additional sequences determined here, I carried out comparisons of the several species of Borrelia, including those in the two major clades: the relapsing fever group of species and the Lyme disease group of species. Phylogenetic inference at the species level was based on four data sets: whole chromosomes of ∼1 Mb each, and concatenated sequences of 19 ribosomal protein genes, 3 conserved nucleic acid enzymes (rpoC, recC, and dnaE), and 4 contiguous genes for nucleotide salvage on a large plasmid. Analyses using neighbor-joining, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods were largely concordant for each of the trees. They showed that LB-2001 and related hard tick-associated organisms, like Borrelia lonestari, are deeply positioned within the RF group of species and that these organisms did not, as some earlier estimations had suggested, constitute a paraphyletic group. The analyses also provided further evidence that major changes in host ranges and life cycles, such as hard to soft ticks or vice versa, may not correlate well with overall sequence differences. The genetic differences between LB-2001 and B. miyamotoi sensu stricto justify provisional use of the “sensu lato” designation for LB-2001. 相似文献
15.
《Ticks and Tick》2020,11(3):101371
Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis, the causative agent of tick-borne “neoehrlichiosis” has recently been reported in humans, mammals and ticks in Europe. The aim of this study was to map the distribution of this bacterium in questing ticks in the Czech Republic. A total of 13,325 Ixodes ricinus including 445 larvae, 5270 nymphs and 7610 adults were collected from vegetation by flagging in 140 Czech towns and villages from every region of the Czech Republic. The ticks were pooled into 2665 groups of 5 individuals respecting life stage or sex and tested for the presence of Ca. Neoehrlichia mikurensis by conventional PCR targeting of the groEL gene. The bacterium was detected in 533/2665 pools and 125/140 areas screened, showing an overall estimated prevalence of 4.4 % in ticks of all life stages. Phylogenetic analysis revealed only small genetic diversity among the strains found. Two pools of questing larvae tested positive, suggesting transovarial transmission. According to this study, Ca. Neoehrlichia mikurensis is another tick-borne pathogen widespread in I. ricinus ticks in the Czech Republic. 相似文献
16.
目的 探索基于Matlab的模糊评价方法,及其在蜱媒疾病定量风险评价中的应用.方法 在黑龙江省东京城镇苇子沟林场选择针叶林、针阔混交林、草地3种不同生境调查.用人工小时布旗法采蜱,用温湿度计记录温度、湿度.收集蜱媒疾病模糊评价指标,并且构建模糊推理系统对相应指标进行评价.结果 2012年5-7月调查数据经分析后显示：风险评分总体呈下降趋势,最高值为60.0,属于较高风险等级;最低值为10.3,属于低风险水平.2013年5月调查数据经分析后显示：3种生境风险评分值均为85.5,属于高风险水平.在13次调查中,生境的风险评分有46.16％属于低风险水平,15.38％属于中风险水平,7.69％属于较高风险水平,30.77％属于高风险水平.黑龙江省东京城镇苇子沟林场的总体风险等级处于低水平.结论 温度和湿度是影响蜱类活动的重要因素,选择温度、湿度、蜱密度3个指标对蜱媒疾病进行模糊评价,具有一定意义.基于模糊数学理论建立的模糊评价,理论依据严密,在蜱媒疾病风险评价的应用中具有科学性、合理性. 相似文献
17.
2010年泰安市手足口病流行病学特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]了解泰安市2010年手足口病流行病学特征,为制订防控措施提供依据。[方法]采用描述流行病学方法对泰安市2010年手足口病发病情况进行分析。[结果]泰安市2010年手足口病发病率为147.30/10万,明显高于2009年;发病高峰集中在5～8月,占全年发病总数的84.25%;不同县之间发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);男性发病率明显高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);男女之比为1.64∶1,5岁及5岁以下病例占全部病例的93.66%;全部病例中散居儿童占69.06%,幼托儿童占26.96%。手足口病流行优势毒株为CoxA16,占47.23%。[结论]泰安市2010年手足口病发病率仍居高不下,加强联防联控措施显得尤为重要。 相似文献
18.
广东省SARS传播模型实证研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目的探讨严重急性呼吸系统综合征(severe acute respiratory syndrome,SARS)在人群中的传播规律,研究预防措施对疾病的影响,为预防控制SARS提供科学依据。方法用确定性的SIR模型和SEIDR模型等传播动力学数学模型对SARS流行过程进行估计与分析。结果通过对卫生部2003年4月22日公布的广东省的数据,用确定性SIR模型估计消除比。广州市SARS的基本繁殖率为3.5左右。结论确定性的SIR模型、确定性SEIDR模型能比较好模拟并估计出SARS传播过程,并能够对未来的SARS流行趋势和流行规模进行预测。 相似文献
19.
目的 对2012年牡丹江林业中心医院全部92例蜱媒传染病患者进行分析,了解该地区就诊患者的蜱媒传染病人口学分布特征、医院救治能力等,为该地区蜱媒传染病风险评估提供数据支撑.方法 对牡丹江林业中心医院2012年1-9月全部92例蜱媒传染病资料进行分析,比较人口学差异影响、入院时间分布、复合感染情况以及治愈情况等.结果 92例患者中,感染率由高到低依次为莱姆病、森林脑炎和斑点热,其中复合感染率为7.61％(7/92).患者就诊时间与蜱季节消长不完全一致,该医院对蜱媒传染病治疗的总有效率在91.67％以上.结论 牡丹江地区存在蜱媒传染病风险.该地区专业医院具有很好的蜱媒传染病救治能力,是降低蜱媒传染病风险的有利因素. 相似文献
20.
从近些年发生的SARS、高致病性禽流感等新现传染病的流行病学调查结果来看,动物与新现传染病密切相关。许多因素可以导致重要人兽共患病或新现人兽共患病的发生,如环境改变、人类和动物的密切接触、病原因子的变异、农业行为方式改变等。鼠类是多种病原体的储库,这些病原体会导致各种鼠传新现传染病的发生。与鼠类密切相关的新现传染病危害大,种类多,主要包括鼠疫、肾综合征出血热、钩端螺旋体病和莱姆病等。加强国内外合作,建立动物疾病监测网络,改变人类行为方式,维护生态平衡,是控制新现传染病的重要途径。 相似文献
