Preparation and functional properties of protein from heat-denatured soybean meal assisted by steam flash-explosion with dilute acid soaking

The combined pretreatment of heat-denatured soybean meal using steam flash-explosion (SFE) with sulfuric-acid soaking was investigated to prepare protein from soybean meal. When soybean meal was pretreated by SFE at 1.8 MPa, 2.2 MPa for 8 min and at 2.0 MPa for 8 min and 10 min, combined with 0.9% sulfuric-acid soaking, the extraction yield of protein increased to 67.72%, 70.54%, 69.47% and 71.21% respectively, compared to untreated soybean meal. Scanning electron micrograph of pretreated samples showed the structural disruption of soybean meal. After pretreatment, the protein yield was improved, while protein content of soy protein isolate (SPI) decreased slightly. The functional properties of SPI from pretreated soybean meal were all improved compared to untreated soybean meal and the relationship between functional properties and the changes of surface hydrophobicity of SPI was discussed. The emulsification properties and fat-binding capacity of pretreated SPI were superior to those of SPI prepared from white flakes.     

蒸汽爆破辅助提取高温豆粕中的蛋白质

研究了蒸汽爆破对高温豆粕中蛋白质溶解性的影响和后续蛋白质提取工艺。结果表明:当蒸汽压力较低时,高温豆粕的氮溶解指数随着蒸汽压力的升高而提高,但当超过2.1 MPa时,压力对爆破处理的效果的影响不明显;豆粕的粒度对蒸汽爆破效果有一定的影响,当豆粕颗粒的平均小于100目时效果不佳,在20～80目时效果较好。当高温豆粕颗粒大小为20～80目,爆破条件为1.8 MPa,180 s时,蒸汽爆破处理使高温豆粕的氮溶解指数提高了1.1倍。对经蒸汽爆破处理的高温豆粕中蛋白质的提取条件研究表明,pH值和温度对蛋白质的提取率有较大影响。在优化条件下,经蒸汽爆破处理的高温粕的蛋白质提取率达到76.04%。     

Application of high density steam flash-explosion in protein extraction of soybean meal

The high density steam flash-explosion (HDSFE) was used to extract protein from soybean meal. Soybean meal samples were treated at 1.3 MPa and 1.8 MPa for 60 s, 120 s and 180 s, respectively. After HDSFE treatment at 1.8 MPa for 180 s, the extraction yield of protein was increased from 50.50% to 65.66% compared with untreated soybean meal. The emulsification properties and fat-binding capacity of soy protein isolate (SPI) extracted from soybean meal treated by HDSFE were all improved compared with SPI extracted from untreated soybean meal and white flakes. Molecular weight distribution analysis of SPI showed that after HDSFE treatment the peak with molecular weight about 504 kDa and 43.3 kDa disappeared and the peak with molecular weight about 669 kDa increased indicating protein aggregation. Gel electrophoresis showed that high molecular weight aggregates of protein have been formed by covalent bond.     

蒸汽闪爆结合碱溶酸沉法提取高温花生粕中的蛋白质

以高温花生粕为研究对象,研究了蒸汽闪爆结合碱溶酸沉法提取花生蛋白质的工艺及其产品的功能性质。通过单因素实验和正交实验确定优化的工艺条件为:高温花生粕首先用0.3%的稀硫酸在60℃条件下搅拌浸泡2h;用清水洗去表面稀酸后沥干再进行蒸汽闪爆处理,条件为:爆破压力1.6MPa、维压时间5min;最后采用碱溶酸沉法提取蛋白质,条件为:温度60℃、pH9.5、料水比1∶12(g/mL)、浸提时间为2h。在此工艺条件下,高温花生粕中蛋白质的提取率达到52.6%,比传统碱溶酸沉工艺提高了10.8%,且所得蛋白质产品的持水性、乳化性、起泡性和起泡稳定性有了显著提高,分别增强了67.1%、141.0%、131.3%和107.4%。蒸汽闪爆技术结合碱溶酸沉法适用于从高温花生粕中提取蛋白质,不仅可以提高蛋白质的提取率,而且能够改善产品的功能性质。      

大豆分离蛋白-大豆低聚糖糖基化产物溶解性和乳化性分析

以净作和套作大豆为原料,提取大豆分离蛋白(soybean protein isolate, SPI),与大豆低聚糖制备糖基化产物,并对其进行产物鉴定和基本功能特性分析。产物鉴定采用接枝度、十二烷基苯磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE)及红外光谱(fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR)进行分析。结果表明,套作SPI糖基化的程度整体较净作高,且套作SPI与净作SPI及其糖基化产物的二级结构均存在一定差异。对于套作SPI,蛋糖比3∶1的轭合物溶解度在pH 3～9范围内均有明显改善,反应6 h的轭合物在pH 8.0时溶解度最佳,达96.74%,是套作SPI的1.77倍。蛋糖比1∶3比例反应6 h的轭合物乳化活性最高,为8.536 m²/g,较套作SPI提高59.76%,而蛋糖比1∶2反应6 h的轭合物乳化稳定性最高,为21.481 min,较套作SPI提高35.72%。对于...     

Gelling properties of protein fractions and protein isolate extracted from Australian canola meal

Gelling properties of canola albumin and globulin fractions, and canola protein isolate (CPI) were examined in this study. The effects of pH and salt concentration on canola protein gelling properties were studied primarily by means of dynamic oscillatory rheology and gel texture analysis. The findings were supported by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images of the gels, isoelectric point, and solubility measurement data. All canola proteins showed typical heat-set gel protein profiles. Gels formed at higher pH had better gelling properties including higher overall resistance to deformation (G*), higher gel elasticity (low tan δ ), higher fracture stress and firmness, and denser gel microstructure. Isoelectric points of canola proteins used in this study were in the range of pH 3.0–4.7 where low protein solubility was observed. The albumin fraction was able to form a very weak gel at pH 4, whereas the globulin fraction and CPI precipitated due to loss of protein surface charge. The effects of NaCl on gelling were protein sample dependent. The presence of NaCl negatively affected gelling properties of albumin and globulin fractions, with decreases in overall resistance to deformation (G*), and fracture stress and firmness, but positively affected CPI gels in the same aspects. The elasticity (tan δ) of all canola protein gels remained constant in the presence of NaCl. Frequency sweep analysis revealed that the albumin fraction and CPI formed weak gels, whereas the globulin fraction formed a strong gel. Strain sweep analysis further confirmed that the globulin fraction formed a stronger gel with a critical strain of at least 10%. This study demonstrates the high potential of canola proteins, particularly the globulin fraction, as a prospective gelling agent.     

Physicochemical and emulsifying properties of mung bean protein isolate as influenced by succinylation

The application of mung bean protein in foods is limited due to its poor functionality. Acylation with succinic anhydride could be used to improve the functionalities of protein. In this study, the influence of the weight ratio of succinic anhydride to protein (0–0.10) on the degree of N-acylation, physicochemical properties and protein functionalities including emulsifying properties of mung bean protein isolates (MPI) were investigated. The extent of N-acylation of MPI increased as the succinic anhydride:protein ratio increased, while the ζ-potential at neutral pH decreased. In addition, succinylation had an impact on the average particle size of MPI depending on the succinic anhydride:protein ratio. Succinylation had no impact on the total and exposed free sulfhydryl groups. Moreover, the isoelectric point (pI) of the succinylated proteins shifted from pH 5 to lower pH. Succinylation increased the emulsifying activity index (EAI), while the impact on the emulsion stability index depended on the succinic anhydride:protein ratio. Thus, succinylation at low succinic anhydride:protein ratio can alter mung bean protein charge and affect physicochemical and functional properties especially emulsifying properties that could be used to increase its utilization.     

超声辅助提取豆粕植酸及其抗氧化性质研究

植酸具有多种生物功能,可作为功能性食品的添加剂或药品原料起到防治多种疾病(如糖尿病、肠炎、癌症、骨质疏松、帕金森症等)的效果。豆粕中植酸含量较高,但不同提取方法对植酸的提取量影响较大。本研究采用单因素和响应面优化试验,比较了浸提法和超声辅助提取法提取豆粕植酸的差异,探究了豆粕植酸最佳提取工艺,最后对植酸提取物的抗氧化性质进行表征。结果表明:豆粕植酸最优提取工艺为pH 3、温度60℃、料液比1:12、超声时间10 min及超声功率240 W,豆粕中植酸提取量为1.14%,豆粕植酸中植酸提取率为95.61%;超声辅助提取法较浸提法提取率提升了22.45%;植酸纯度提升18.71%,达到91.86%。所提取植酸浓度为1.0 g/L时,DPPH自由基清除率为43.61%,·OH清除率为77.09%,Fe2+还原力为1.56,具有高抗氧化活性。因此,超声辅助提取豆粕植酸效率高,提取物抗氧化能力强,为植酸提取及利用提供了理论依据。     

大豆分离蛋白起泡性和乳化性影响因素的研究

大豆分离蛋白的乳化性和起泡性与蛋白质、NaCl、卡拉胶、蔗糖和山梨酸钾含量、pH值、加热温度等密切相关。蛋白质质量浓度分别为2.0g/100mL和2.5g/100mL时,大豆分离蛋白乳化性和起泡性分别达到最大值;远离pH4.5,大豆分离蛋白起泡性和乳化性增加;加热温度45℃时起泡性最好,而乳化性最差;氯化钠、卡拉胶、山梨酸钾添加量分别为1.00g/100mL、0.20g/100mL、0.08g/100mL时,起泡性和乳化性好;添加蔗糖会使蛋白质的起泡性下降,而蔗糖添加量6.0g/100mL时乳化性好。     

Antioxidant and emulsifying properties of potato protein hydrolysate in soybean oil-in-water emulsions

The efficacy of a previously developed antioxidative potato protein hydrolysate (PPH) for the stabilisation of oil droplets and inhibition of lipid oxidation in soybean oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions was investigated. Emulsions (10% lipid, pH 7.0) with PPH-coated oil droplets were less stable than those produced with Tween 20 (P < 0.05). However, the presence of PPH, whether added before or after homogenisation with Tween 20, retarded emulsion oxidation, showing reduced formation of peroxides up to 53.4% and malonaldehyde-equivalent substances up to 70.8% after 7-d storage at 37 °C (P < 0.05), when compared with PPH-free emulsions. In the emulsions stabilised by PPH + Tween 20, 8–15% of PPH was distributed at the interface. Adjustment of the pH from 3 to 7 markedly increased ζ-potential of such emulsions (P < 0.05). Inhibition of lipid oxidation by PPH in soybean O/W emulsions can be attributed to both chemical and physical (shielding) actions.     

利用高温豆粕生产醇洗大豆浓缩蛋白的研究

分别以高温豆粕和低温豆粕为原料采用醇洗工艺制取大豆浓缩蛋白。测定高温豆粕和低温豆粕醇洗浓缩蛋白的蛋白质含量、NSI以及乙醇萃取液糖蜜中皂甙、异黄酮、总糖、蛋白质含量。结果显示:高温豆粕(蛋白质含量47.16%)醇洗浓缩蛋白的蛋白质含量(59.64%)虽然低于低温豆粕(蛋白质含量51.83%)醇洗浓缩蛋白的蛋白质含量(67.71%),但已接近60%,且高温豆粕乙醇萃取液糖蜜中皂甙、异黄酮含量(分别为8.04%、2.67%)与低温豆粕乙醇萃取液糖蜜中的含量接近(8.53%、2.13%)。表明利用高温豆粕生产饲用大豆浓缩蛋白应该是可行的,且副产物糖蜜是提取大豆皂甙、异黄酮、低聚糖的优质原料。     

限制性酶解结合糖基化改性对大豆分离蛋白乳化性质的影响

目的：开发基于大豆分离蛋白（soybean protein isolate,SPI）的新型乳化剂。方法：采用限制性酶解结合糖基化处理对SPI进行结构修饰,研究协同改性对SPI乳化特性的影响。结果：SPI水解物（soybean protein isolate hydrolysate,SPIH）中的相对分子质量较大组分（F30）的乳化性最佳,且糖基化反应4 h的F30-葡聚糖轭合物乳化稳定性相对最好。相较于SPI,SPIH与F30,F30-葡聚糖轭合物稳定的乳液表现出最低的初始平均粒径,并且具有最佳的贮藏稳定性。当pH接近SPI等电点或体系处于高盐浓度时,所有乳液均出现不稳定聚集现象。与SPI相比,SPIH和F30稳定乳液的聚集程度更高,而F30-葡聚糖轭合物由于共价结合的葡聚糖提供了额外的空间位阻和亲水性,使得轭合物稳定的乳液能够耐受离子强度和温度的变化,在不利环境条件下表现出更高的抵抗力。结论：限制性酶解结合糖基化改性是开发SPI基乳化配料的潜在可靠途径。     

Emulsifying properties of proteins extracted from Australian canola meal

Canola protein albumin fraction, globulin fraction, and canola protein isolate (CPI) were compared to commercial soy protein isolate (SPI) in terms of their emulsifying properties at various pH values. The globulin fraction had higher emulsifying capacity (EC), higher emulsifying activity index (EAI), and the droplet size of emulsions it stabilized was consistently smaller irrespective of pH compared to albumin fraction or CPI. In comparison to SPI, globulin fractions also had higher EC at all pH values tested, higher EAI at acidic pH, and smaller or comparable average emulsion droplet size at both pH 4 and 7. The stability of canola protein based emulsions were comparable to those of SPI based emulsions at most pH values (except the emulsion stabilized by the CPI at pH 4), with no significant (p > 0.05) changes in droplet size during storage for up to 7 days at room temperature. These emulsions, however, experienced separation into the emulsion and serum phases after 24 h storage at room temperature with the exception of CPI- and SPI-stabilized emulsions at pH 9. This study demonstrates the comparable emulsifying properties (forming or stabilizing) of some canola proteins to commercially available SPI, suggesting the potential use of canola proteins in food applications.     

喷射蒸煮水热处理提升大豆分离蛋白乳化性的研究

该文使用喷射蒸煮水热反应器进行大豆蛋白糖基化反应,在高温、高压的水热条件下,蛋白质与小分子单糖及双糖进行Mailard反应,生成共价复合物.结果显示生成的复合物比大豆蛋白乳化活性有所提升,其在高温、高盐的条件下乳化活性的变化较小.     

白木通籽分离蛋白的理化与功能性质研究

以白木通籽为原料,采用碱提酸沉法,制备白木通籽分离蛋白（API）,并对其理化性质与功能性质进行了分析。结果表明:白木通籽分离蛋白含17种氨基酸,其中谷氨酸和天门冬氨酸的含量相对较高,有贮藏蛋白的共性。苏氨酸为白木通籽分离蛋白的第一限制性氨基酸。通过SDS-PAGE分析,白木通籽分离蛋白的亚基分子量范围为25～35ku。圆二色性光谱分析表明,白木通籽分离蛋白的二级结构主要由β-折叠和无规则卷曲组成,含量分别为31.2%和36.6%。白木通籽分离蛋白的等电点在pH4～5之间,在此pH范围内,蛋白的溶解性和起泡能力均最低。      

鱿鱼水解物的抗氧化性及乳化性的研究

以鱿鱼为原料,经酶解后得到不同水解时间的水解物,研究不同鱿鱼水解物的抗氧化性、乳化性及起泡性变化.实验表明,随水解过程的进行,鱿鱼水解物DH逐渐增大,之后增加缓慢:对羟自由基清除活性和还原能力与DH呈正相关;对超氧阴离子和DPPH自由基清除活性呈先增加后基本不变的趋势;氮溶解指数逐渐增加.同时,经酶解的鱿鱼水解物较酶解前鱿鱼浆的乳化性、乳化稳定性及起泡性都发生了改变.     

淀粉纳米颗粒对大豆分离蛋白流变特性、乳化性的影响

以蜡质玉米淀粉为原料,经普鲁兰酶脱支,4℃重结晶制备淀粉纳米颗粒(SNPs)。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、动态流变仪和紫外分光光度计,探究了不同浓度的淀粉纳米颗粒对大豆分离蛋白(SPI)的微观结构、流变性、乳化性和稳定性等功能特性的影响。结果表明,淀粉纳米颗粒的形貌为球形,粒径大小在50~100 nm。大豆分离蛋白的溶液均为剪切变稀的假塑性流体。与对照样相比,当淀粉纳米颗粒的浓度为0.5%时,大豆分离蛋白溶液的表观黏度、储能模量和损耗模量显著增加且达到最大值。淀粉纳米颗粒添加量为5%时,大豆分离蛋白乳液的乳化稳定性指数(ESI)和乳化活力指数(EAI)均达到最大值,说明了大豆分离蛋白乳液达到最佳的稳定性和乳化性。     

稀硫酸预浸辅助蒸汽闪爆法提取玉米芯木聚糖

以木聚糖提取得率和平均聚合度为评价指标,研究了稀硫酸预浸辅助蒸汽闪爆法提取玉米芯木聚糖的工艺,得到最佳工艺条件:预浸用稀硫酸浓度0.1%(w/v),蒸汽压力1.8MPa,维压时间3min。在此条件下木聚糖提取得率达22.33%(对玉米芯重)。同时产生了一部分低聚木糖,其含量为可溶性总糖的39.96%;经内切木聚糖酶初步酶解,所得酶解液的低聚木糖含量达到65.08%(对可溶性总糖)。