毛发蹄角提取物是很好的食品添加剂

一 前言 猪毛、羽毛和蹄角等用来做食品添加剂,因为猪毛、羽毛、蹄角等含有大量的各种氨基酸。这些氨基酸及其含量如下: 精氨酸 10.9％ 胱氨酸 14.4％ 谷氨酸 15.3％ 天门冬氨酸 8.0％ 组氨酸 1.1％ 亮氨酸 8.3％ 异亮氨酸 3.8％ 苯丙氨酸 2.7％ 甲硫氨酸 0.5％ 赖氨酸 3.8％ 脯氨酸 9.6％ 苏氨酸 6.3％ 酪氨酸 3.5％ 缬氨酸 5。9％ 此外,还含有微量的色氨酸、酪氨酸、蛋氨酸、氮硫氨酸等,可见畜禽的毛、蹄、     

鲜甜玉米520主要营养成分分析与评价

分析评价乳熟期甜玉米520营养价值特点,为以甜玉米520为主要原料的玉米深加工及工程化食品开发提供数据依据。采用氨基酸分析仪、气相色谱法、离子色谱法测定甜玉米中氨基酸、脂肪酸、可溶性糖的种类及含量。结果表明,甜玉米中含蛋白质12.08%,脂肪酸6.66%,灰分2.41%。针对婴儿营养需求分析,亮氨酸、含硫氨基酸、苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸、缬氨酸评分分别为1.11、1.80、1.09、1.03;组氨酸、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸及苏氨酸分别为0.83、0.75、0.52、0.99;甜玉米520中可溶性糖总量为11.98%(湿基),果糖占总碳水化合物的85.86%。结论:作为婴儿食物来源,该甜玉米具有充足的亮氨酸、含硫氨基酸、苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸、亮氨酸,相对缺乏组氨酸、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸及苏氨酸,含较丰富的脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸为亚油酸和亚麻酸,可溶性糖以果糖为主。     

扁桃种仁氨基酸组分及加工品质分析

为探明扁桃种仁的氨基酸组分,筛选出适宜食品加工的扁桃品种,用国标法测定37个栽培扁桃品种和野生扁桃种仁的17种氨基酸含量。结果表明,扁桃种仁中的平均氨基酸含量排序为谷氨酸精氨酸天氡氨酸亮氨酸甘氨酸苯丙氨酸缬氨酸丙氨酸脯氨酸异亮氨酸丝氨酸赖氨酸苏氨酸酪氨酸组氨酸胱氨酸甲硫氨酸。扁桃种仁的氨基酸比值在56.46～67.68之间,平均值为61.80;有19个栽培扁桃种仁的第一限制性氨基酸是甲硫氨酸+胱氨酸,另外18个栽培扁桃和野生扁桃种仁的第一限制性氨基酸是赖氨酸。甲硫氨酸、赖氨酸与其它15种氨基酸不都是显著正相关,其它15种氨基酸之间显著正相关。巴旦王、公巴旦、双果和长鹰种仁适合用于食品加工。     

蘑菇浸膏的制造方法

蘑菇口味鲜美,含有丰富的优质蛋白质以及大量的维生素,营养价值非常高。据报导,蘑菇的蛋白质中除含有苏氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸、色氨酸等人体必须氨基酸外,还含有多量的天门冬酰胺、谷氨酸、精氨酸等。所含的维生...     

黑米软糖的研制

1.原料与制法 1.1黑米 黑米产于陕西洋县,历代作为贡米。李时珍《本草纲目》载,黑米有滋阳补肾、健脾暖肝、明目活血之功效。 据陕西省粮油检测所1981年11月化验分析,表明黑米氨基酸含量(单位:mg/100g)为: 缬氨酸 525 亮氨酸 697 异亮氨酸 278 苏氨酸 211 苯丙氨酸 406 蛋氨酸 193 赖氨酸 355 精氨酸 615 组氨酸 196     

深海鳕鱼皮胶原蛋白粉酶解工艺研究

以水解度为指标,通过单因素实验和正交实验,确定了深海鳕鱼皮胶原蛋白粉的酶解最优工艺参数,同时对最优参数酶解所得产物开展氨基酸组成分析。结果表明:中性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶4种酶制剂中,胰蛋白酶酶解深海鳕鱼皮胶原蛋白粉溶液的效果最佳,最佳酶解工艺条件为固液比1:3、初始pH8、酶解温度48℃、酶用量0.8%、酶解时间4h。用氨基酸分析仪对酶解产物的氨基酸进行分析发现,酶解产物氨基酸总含量为82.993%,主要含有15种氨基酸,其中包括必需氨基酸6种,分别是苏氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸。15种氨基酸中,苯丙氨酸、亮氨酸、甘氨酸和精氨酸的含量较高。     

红海榄内生细菌次生代谢物中氨基酸与微量元素的测定

采用高效液相色谱法和等离子体原子发射光谱法对红海榄内生细菌次生代谢物中氨基酸和微量元素含量进行测定。结果表明:红海榄内生细菌次生代谢物中含有16种氨基酸,其中对人体健康具有特殊功能的5种必需氨基酸(苏氨酸、赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸)占所测得氨基酸总含量的22.18%;测得微量元素8种:Ca、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn、Se和Zn,其中Ca、Mg、Zn的含量明显高于其它微量元素的含量。     

人体必需八种氨基酸的分析进展(1)

<正> 人所共知,蛋白质是一切生命现象的物质基础,而氨基酸则是构成蛋白质的原料。大多数氨基酸可以在体内合成,但蛋氨酸、色氨酸、赖氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸和苯丙氨酸等八种人体必需氨基酸则不能在体内合成,只能从食物中摄取,如果食物或饲料中缺乏这些氨基酸,就会影响机体的正常生长和健康,这些氨基酸也广泛用于医疗。因此,这些氨基酸的含量是评价食品营养价佰的重要指标。分析食品、饲料、种子     

上海轻工八大高科技产品(五) 医用氨基酸

氨基酸是构成蛋白质的基本单元,迄今发现构成蛋白质的氨基酸主要约有20种,其中有8种氨基酸人体自身不能合成而必须由外界摄取,称为必需氨基酸,它们是异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸和缬氨酸。 氨基酸的应用主要有三大领域:饲料添加剂、食品添加剂和医疗制药。近年来,国际上应用氨基酸的领域不断扩大,使用范围日益广阔,除上述领域外,     

紫菜酱油和紫菜酱的试验报告

紫菜是一种海产食用藻类,含有丰富的蛋白质。多种维生素和无机盐类,特别是含有赖氨酸,亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苏氨酸、蛋氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸等、人体必需的氨基酸。为充分利用海产资源,使高档商品一紫菜大众化,江苏省淡水水产研究所在扬州四美酱品厂协作下研究试制成功了紫菜酱油和紫菜酱。     

广式腊肠加工及贮藏过程中蛋白质降解动态研究

本文以总氮、非蛋白氮、游离氨基酸、氨基态氮及挥发性盐基氮为指标,通过对比方法,系统研究了广式腊肠日照自然干燥脱水和人工加热烘烤脱水加工工艺和不同的贮藏条件下蛋白质降解的动态变化。研究结果表明,人工加热烘烤脱水腊肠非蛋白氮、游离氨基酸的含量均高于日照自然干燥脱水腊肠,而氨基态氮含量则低于日照自然干燥脱水腊肠。在贮藏过程中,干燥脱水方法、包装形式及贮藏温度对于腊肠的非蛋白氮含量及氨基态氮含量有显著性影响(p<0.05)。长期高温贮存(30℃、100d)腊肠挥发性盐基氮含量尽管有所上升但对腊肠风味的影响不大。     

CHANGES IN NITROGEN FRACTIONS AND FREE AMINO ACIDS DURING RIPENING OF SPANISH DRIED BEEF "CECINA"

The changes in nitrogen fractions (total nonprotein nitrogen -NPN-, amino acid nitrogen, peptide nitrogen and volatile basic nitrogen) and free amino acids during the ripening of "cecina" (a Spanish dried beef product) were tracked. The amount of total NPN, amino acid nitrogen and volatile basic nitrogen increased during processing, while peptide nitrogen decreased in the last stage. An increase was observed in all amino acids except taurine. In the final product, the most abundant free amino acids were leucine-isoleucine mixture, lysine and proline-methionine mixture. Taking into account the concentrations of the most abundant amino acids detected in cecina and the taste thresholds described for L-amino acids in water, it appears that several amino acids i.e. lysine, alanine, valine and glutamic acid, could contribute to the flavor of this meat product.     

菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum）软体部位含氮物的组成及其分布

从食品原料学角度出发,为系统阐述菲律宾蛤仔的工艺学特性,以含氮物质为出发点,蛋白质为重点,对其各个软体解剖部位的质量组成、一般化学组成、含氮物分布及蛋白质组分等进行了分析讨论。结果表明：菲律宾蛤仔可食部分占原料20%左右,各个软体组织（足、闭壳肌、外套膜、水管、鳃、内脏团）含有水分74.01%～80.07%,其他化学组成为干基,粗蛋白29.19%～43.46%、总糖12.46%～30.75%、粗脂肪1.61%～6.84%和灰分6.69%～11.10%;各组织部位的含氮组分分布比例依次为：非蛋白氮14.7%～26.42%、水溶性蛋白12.55%～19.17%、盐溶性蛋白34.83%～50.4%、碱溶性蛋白17.49%～25.06%及基质蛋白2.19%～10.23%;十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析显示：菲律宾蛤仔软体部位不同组织、不同组分的蛋白图谱有所差异。水溶性蛋白分子质量较小,在100 kD以下;盐溶性蛋白种类丰富,在200、100、45、35、20 kD附近有明显条带;碱溶性蛋白仅在200、100、45 kD附近有4 条明显条带;基质蛋白分子质量分布范围较宽,主要集中在200 kD以上和45 kD区域。     

雅安罐罐肉加工与贮藏过程中肌肉蛋白质的变化

为了探明雅安罐罐肉蛋白质的变化规律,以不同加工与贮藏阶段的罐罐肉为对象,采用常规理化检测方法以及SDS-PAGE电泳法分析其蛋白质的变化情况。结果显示:罐罐肉在油炸结束后蛋白酶活性为零;非蛋白氮(NPN)与游离氨基酸(FAA)含量在油炸结束时显著上升(P<0.01),FAA达到最大值(219.2 mg/100 g),在贮存的前期与中期缓慢下降,后期又有所回升,NPN达到最高值(0.616%);肌浆蛋白和肌原纤维蛋白经过高温油炸,蛋白质含量(干基)下降为4.18 mg/g和4.70 mg/g,大于66ku的蛋白质条带完全消失,积累大量小于16ku的条带,肌浆蛋白贮藏后期还出现了51ku和42ku的新条带。研究结果表明,雅安罐罐肉蛋白质的变化主要发生在油炸阶段,贮藏过程中的变化非常缓慢。     

FREE AMINO ACIDS AND DIPEPTIDES IN DRY-CURED HAM

Six types of dry-cured hams were chemically profiled for proximate composition and low molecular weight nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) fractions including free amino acids (FAA) and two dipeptides (carnosine and anserine). Results indicate that FAA were present in the six classes at different (mg/100g protein) concentrations, with Iberian and Serrano containing greater (P<0.05) amounts of most FAA. However, when analyzed as percentage (mg/100g total FAAs) values, FAA contents of Iberian and Serrano hams exhibited lower (P<0.05) tyrosine and greater (P<0.05) aspartic acid and threonine values. Within each class, large variation coefficients (>10%) for nonprotein nitrogen paralleled inconsistent values of salt content, to which NPN and FAAs were negatively correlated (P<0.01). NPN was also negatively affected by moisture in the dried muscle, indicating limited saltiness and greater muscle shrinkage as two major determinants in developing of nonprotein fractions, hence of free amino acids.     

风干肠加工和贮藏过程中蛋白质的降解规律

以总氮、非蛋白氮、氨基酸态氮、挥发性盐基氮、游离氨基酸以及不同种类蛋白质（肌浆蛋白、肌原纤维蛋白、碱溶蛋白和碱不溶蛋白）为指标,分析研究风干肠加工和贮藏过程中蛋白质的降解规律。结果表明：风干肠加工和贮藏过程中总氮含量没有显著变化;非蛋白氮含量持续升高,从原料肉的469.4 mg/100 g增加到成品肠的786.4 mg/100 g,贮藏240 d后增加至1 256.1 mg/100 g;多肽氮和氨基酸态氮含量在加工和贮藏过程中均持续增加,挥发性盐基氮含量在风干过程中没有显著变化,在贮藏180 d后迅速增加;大部分游离氨基酸含量经过加工和贮藏均有所提高,只有半胱氨酸含量明显降低;在加工过程中,肌浆蛋白和肌原纤维蛋白含量均因降解而减少,基质蛋白含量明显增加;在贮藏过程中,肌浆蛋白含量持续降低,肌原纤维蛋白含量在贮藏前180 d无明显变化,贮藏至240 d明显减少,基质蛋白含量没有显著变化。     

Nonprotein nitrogen content of defatted jojoba meals

Extraction of defatted jojoba meals with 0–5 M triehloroacetic acid solutions revealed a minimum solubility of nitrogenous compounds in the range of 0.5–2 M . This minimum was assumed to correspond to the nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) fraction. Trichloroacetic acid concentrations of 0.8–1.0 M were found to be optimal for NPN determination. NPN values for laboratory-prepared meals ranged from 21 to 29% of the total nitrogen for undecorticated (with seed coat) meals and from 21 to 30% for decorticated (without seed coat) meals. Commercial presscakes and presscake fines ranged from 15 to 20% of total nitrogen as NPN. These lower values apparently reflect heat treatments received by the presscakes during commercial expelling of the jojoba liquid wax esters, In aqueous dispersions of unheated jojoba meals, nitrogenous compounds exhibited a minimum solubility of 23–45% of total nitrogen at pH 3–4, the apparent isoelectric region of the storage proteins. In some meals NPN comprised up to 100% of the nitrogen soluble at this minimum; thus, low yields of recoverable meal nitrogen in the form of protein isolates are predicted. The NPN fraction was characterized by amino acid analysis and gel electrophoresis and found to contain free amino adds, peptides, and polypeptides of 6–10 kDa. Simmondsin and its derivatives are estimated to make up about one-third of the NPN.     

Ripening time estimation of Kariesh cheese

Kariesh cheese is a popular cheese in Egypt produced by acid coagulation of milk. It can be consumed fresh or after ripening. Proteolysis in cheese was measured by determining soluble nitrogen (SN), amino acid nitrogen (AAN), total amino acids (TAA) and free amino acids (FAA). SN, AAN and FAA increased during ripening. Free amino acids profile revealed in total 16 amino acids and the same distribution of free amino acids. Cheese ripening was influenced by the type of milk and the method of production. The mildly acid sweet flavour was attributed to the concentration of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, proline and valine. Linear regression analysis was carried out to estimate the ripening time of this cheese. A positive correlation between the accumulation of amino acid and ripening time was established. The highest coefficient of determination near one resulted from glutamic acid (R² = 0.99) followed by lysine (R² = 0.97–0.99), then aspartic acid (0.90–0.98). From the linear regression equation for glutamic acid, lysine, aspartic acid or proline, the ripening time of Kariesh cheese in weeks was determined as follows: Time of ripening [weeks] = mg amino acid 100 g cheese-a/b where b = slope and a = intercept of regression straight line at 0 time.     

Characterisation of non-protein nitrogen in the Cephalopods volador (Illex coindetii), pota (Todaropsis eblanae) and octopus (Eledone cirrhosa)

A characterisation of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) was carried out in the muscle of three species of cephalopods: volador (Illex coindetii), pota (Todaropsis eblanae) and octopus (Eledone cirrhosa). These species were classified according to sex, sexual development (immature, mature) and anatomical zone (mantle, arms). There were no major differences in the NPN contents of the three species studied. The anatomical zone clearly marks the difference in NPN content, with the content being greater in the mantle than in the arms for all the species. The trimethylamine oxide–nitrogen levels in volador were greater in the mantle than in the arms and these differences were not observed in the other two species. In pota and octopus, however, it is the stage of sexual development that exhibited differences, with a greater quantity of trimethylamine oxide–nitrogen in the immature specimens than the mature ones. The trimethlyl and total volatile basic nitrogen behaviour had no clear trend, the TVB-N levels were probably so low that these differences were not important. The same thing occurred with the pH, where the lowest values were recorded in octopus and the highest in pota. The free amino acid (FAA) compositions varied to a great extent, depending on the species and, to a less extent, depending on the sex, stage of sexual development and anatomical zone. The total FAA content was virtually the same in volador and pota, while it was about 75% lower in octopus. The highest concentrations of FAA in the three species were for proline, arginine and alanine, but in different proportions.     

肌肉非蛋白氮和游离氨基酸在金华火腿加工过程中的变化

以60只浙江兰溪当地杂交猪后腿为原料,按传统工艺加工金华火腿,分析了股二头肌中非蛋白氮(Non-proteinnitrogen,NPN)和游离氨基酸(Freeaminoacids,FAA)浓度随加工时间而变化的规律。结果表明,肌肉中的NPN和FAA含量都随金华火腿加工进程逐渐升高;NPN在后熟期和晒腿期间升高速度最快,而FAA在成熟过程中升高最快,成品火腿的蛋白质降解指数在14～20之间;成品火腿中的FAA占NPN的70%以上,其中以Arg、Glu、Leu、Lys、Ala和Val等含量较高。FAA总含量比腌制前提高13.8倍,火腿中大部分FAA浓度为腌制前的10～20倍,其中增加比例较大的FAA有Lys、Asp、Ser、Tyr和Ile等。火腿中大部分游离氨基酸的浓度多倍于其感觉阈值,因此可能对火腿风味的形成有重要贡献。