Influence of phthalic anhydride and bioxazoline on the mechanical and morphological properties of biodegradable poly(lactic acid)/poly[(butylene adipate)‐co‐terephthalate] blends

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly[(butylene adipate)‐co‐terephthalate] (PBAT) blends were fabricated by melt blending, with 2,2′‐(1,3‐phenylene)bis(2‐oxazoline) (BOZ) and phthalic anhydride (PA) used as compatibilizers. It was found that a small amount of BOZ or PA greatly increased the elongation at break of the PLA/PBAT blends without sacrificing their high tensile strength. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed that the PBAT particles became finer and were uniformly dispersed in the matrix when the compatibilizers were incorporated, which indicated that the interfacial bonding and compatibilization between PLA and PBAT were improved in the presence of the compatibilizers. Compared with PLA/PBAT blends, the molecular weight of PLA/PBAT/PA/BOZ blends was increased due to chain‐extending reactions. Differential scanning calorimetry results suggested PBAT decreased the crystallization rate and crystallinity of PLA in the blends. Moreover, the glass transition temperature of PBAT was further decreased when the compatibilizers were used. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

Melt characteristics,mechanical, and thermal properties of blown film from modified blends of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) and poly(lactide)

Blown films from poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) and poly(lactide) (PLA) blends were investigated. The blends were prepared in a twin‐screw extruder, in the presence of small amounts of dicumyl peroxide (DCP). The influence of DCP concentration on film blowing, rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties of the blends is reported in this article. Rheological results showed a marked increase in polymer melt strength and elasticity with the addition of DCP. As a consequence, the film homogeneity and the stability of the bubble were improved. The modified blend films, compared with the unmodified blend, showed an improvement in tensile strength and modulus with a slight loss in elongation. Fourier transform infrared and gel results revealed that chain scission and branching were more significant than crosslinking when the DCP loadings in the blends were not higher than 0.7%. A reduction in melt temperatures of PLA was observed due to difficulty in chain crystallization. The concentrations of DCP strongly affected the melting temperatures but had an insignificant effect on the decomposition behavior of the blends. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Facile fabrication of highly flexible poly(lactic acid) film using alternate multilayers of poly[(butylene adipate)‐co‐terephthalate]

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly[(butylene adipate)‐co‐terephthalate] (PBAT) are both commonly used biodegradable polymers. In this study, co‐extrusion of PLA and PBAT was used to create alternately multilayered films in order to obtain high‐flexibility PLA film. The incorporation of PBAT provides enhanced flexibility to PLA and the effect is more distinct in the PLA/PBAT multilayer film as the number of layers increases. Through differential scanning calorimetric and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering analyses, the crystallinity of PLA is shown to decrease more in the multilayer film than in the blended film. Transparency is also enhanced in the multilayer film. The fabrication of alternate multilayered film by co‐extrusion of PLA and PBAT shows a new method of preparing a flexible, transparent and fully biodegradable film, which is impossible through a blending process. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

Peroxide modification of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐succinate)

We attempted to introduce crosslinking into poly(butylene adipate‐co‐succinate) (PBAS) to improve the properties, such as the mechanical strength and elasticity, by a simple addition of dicumyl peroxide (DCP). Prior to curing, the thermal stability of PBAS was investigated. Above 170°C PBAS was severely degraded, and the degradation could not be successfully stabilized by an antioxidant. The PBAS was effectively crosslinked by DCP, and the gel fraction increased as the DCP content increased. A major structure of the crosslinked PBAS was an ester and aliphatic group. The tensile strength and elongation of PBAS were improved with an increasing content of DCP, but there was little affect on the tear strength. The biodegradability of crosslinked PBAS was not seriously deteriorated. A higher degree of crosslinking gave a lower heat of crystallization and heat of fusion. However, the melt crystallization temperatures of the crosslinked PBAS were higher than that of PBAS. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 637–645, 2001     

Thermal properties and non‐isothermal crystallization behavior of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/poly(lactic acid) blends

Thermal properties and non‐isothermal melt‐crystallization behavior of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blends were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The blends exhibit single and composition‐dependent glass transition temperature, cold crystallization temperature (T_cc) and melt crystallization peak temperature (T_mc) over the entire composition range, implying miscibility between the PLA and PTT components. The T_cc values of PTT/PLA blends increase, while the T_mc values decrease with increasing PLA content, suggesting that the cold crystallization and melt crystallization of PTT are retarded by the addition of PLA. The modified Avrami model is satisfactory in describing the non‐isothermal melt crystallization of the blends, whereas the Ozawa method is not applicable to the blends. The estimated Avrami exponent of the PTT/PLA blends ranges from 3.25 to 4.11, implying that the non‐isothermal crystallization follows a spherulitic‐like crystal growth combined with a complicated growth form. The PTT/PLA blends generally exhibit inferior crystallization rate and superior activation energy compared to pure PTT at the same cooling rate. The greater the PLA content in the PTT/PLA blends, the lower the crystallization rate and the higher the activation energy. Moreover, the introduction of PTT into PLA leads to an increase in the thermal stability behavior of the resulting PTT/PLA blends. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of γ‐radiation on the thermal and mechanical properties of a commercial poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)

BACKGROUND: Poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) has attracted wide interest as a biodegradable polymer. However, its use is restricted in certain applications due to its low melting point. RESULTS: PBAT was treated using γ‐radiation. The radiation features were analyzed using Soxhlet extraction, and the ratio of chain scission and crosslinking and gelation dose were determined using the classical Charlesby–Pinner equation. The results showed that PBAT is a radiation‐crosslinkable polymer. The degree of crosslinking increased with increasing radiation dose; the relation between sol fraction and dose followed the Charlesby–Pinner equation. Differential scanning calorimetry analyses showed that the melting temperature (T_m) and the heat of fusion (ΔH_m) of PBAT exhibited almost no change in the first scan. The second scan, however, showed a decrease in T_m and ΔH_m. The glass transition temperature of irradiated PBAT increased with increasing radiation dose. The weight loss of control and irradiated PBAT resulting from thermal degradation was a one‐step process. Moreover, the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with an increase in radiation dose. However, the Young's modulus and stress at yield were not greatly affected by γ‐radiation. CONCLUSION: PBAT can be crosslinked using γ‐radiation. The crosslinking efficiency is relatively low. The thermal and mechanical properties of PBAT are affected by γ‐radiation. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Electrical,thermal, and viscoelastic properties of graphene nanoplatelet/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) biodegradable nanocomposites

Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were dispersed in poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) by melt‐blending. Scanning electron micrographs showed good dispersion of GNPs in PBAT at low concentrations while at higher loadings, the platelets became physically in contact forming conductive pathways. Electrical conductivity of PBAT was enhanced markedly with GNP addition with a distinctly faster rate for GNP loadings higher than 6 wt % because of formation of conductive networks. Interestingly, thermal stability of PBAT was also found to increase for GNP loadings above 6 wt %. Dynamic viscoelastic properties of the nanocomposites exhibited significant enhancement with increasing GNPs. In particular, storage modulus showed less frequency dependency in the low frequency region leading to a percolation threshold of between 6 and 9 wt %, above which time–temperature superposition principle failed. Steady shear measurements revealed that GNP incorporation increased the zero‐shear viscosity markedly and intensified the shear thinning behavior. Carreau model well described the shear viscosity of all the compositions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43620.     

Melting behavior and crystallization kinetics of poly(butylene terephthalate‐co‐diethylene terephthalate) and poly(butylene terephthalate‐co‐triethylene terephthalate) copolyesters

The melting behavior of poly(butylene terephthalate‐co‐diethylene terephthalate) and poly(butylene terephthalate‐co‐triethylene terephthalate) copolymers was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry after isothermal crystallization from the melt. Multiple endotherms were found for all the samples, and attributed to the melting and recrystallization processes. By applying the Hoffman‐Weeks' method, the equilibrium melting temperatures of the copolymers under investigation were obtained. Two distinct peaks in the crystallization exothermic curve were observed for all the samples. Both of them appeared at higher times than that of PBT, indicating that the introduction of a comonomer decreased the crystallization rate. The observed dependence of this latter on composition was explained on the basis of the content of ether–oxygen atoms in diethylene and triethylene terephthalate units, and of the different sizes of these units. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 3545–3551, 2001     

Formulation and characterization of compatibilized poly(lactic acid)‐based blends and their nanocomposites with silver‐loaded kaolinite

Biodegradable polymer nanocomposites have been developed in this study as materials for use in the packaging of moisture‐sensitive products. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was the main component of the nanocomposites with poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) as flexibility enhancer. Tetrabutyl titanate was also added as a compatibilizer to enhance the interfacial affinity between PLA and PBAT by inducing the formation of some PLA/PBAT via transesterification during the melt blending process, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the blends. Silver‐loaded kaolinite synthesized via chemical reduction was also incorporated into the compatibilized blends for further property improvement. Herein, we report a novel biodegradable quaternary nanocomposite system with intercalated‐exfoliated clay dispersion that was uniquely achieved by increasing the interlamellar space between kaolinite layers through silver nanoparticle insertion. The resultant nanocomposites containing as little as 4 phr modified clay reduced the elongation at break from 213.0 ± 5.85% to 53.8 ± 1.81%, enhanced thermal stability (initial decomposition temperature increased from 378 °C to 399 °C) and exhibited a water vapor permeability reduction of 41.85%. On the basis of these properties, the developed nanocomposites are considered to be promising candidates for use in bio‐packaging applications to replace non‐biodegradable and petro‐based plastics. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

Rheological and thermal properties of blends of modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) with p‐acetoxybenzoic acid and poly(butylene terephthalate)

Blending of thermotropic liquid crystalline polyesters (LCPs) with conventional polymers could result in materials that can be used as an alternative for short fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composites, because of their low melt viscosity as well as their inherent high stiffness and strength, high use temperature, and excellent chemical resistance and low coefficient of expansion. In most of the blends was used LCP of 40 mol % of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and 60 mol % of p‐acetoxybenzoic acid (PABA). In this work, blends of several copolyesters having various PABA compositions from 10 to 70 mol % and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) were prepared and their rheological and thermal properties were investigated. For convenience, the copolyesters were designated as PETA‐x, where x is the mol % of PABA. It was found that PET‐60 and PET‐70 copolyesters decreased the melt viscosity of PBT in the blends and those PBT/PETA‐60 and PBT/PETA‐70 blends showed different melt viscosity behaviors with the change in shear rate, while blends of PBT and PET‐x having less than 50 mol % of PABA exhibited totally different rheological behaviors. The blends of PBT with PETA‐50, PETA‐60, and PETA‐70 showed the morphology of multiple layers of fibers. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 1797–1806, 1999     

Morphology and hydrogen‐bond restricted crystallization of poly(butylene succinate)/cellulose diacetate blends

Poly(butylene succinate)/cellulose diacetate (PBS/CDA) blends were prepared by the solution blending method from poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and cellulose diacetate (CDA). The influence of hydrogen bond on the structure, morphology, crystallization, as well as the physical properties of PBS/CDA blends was significantly investigated. The fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicated that the carbonyl groups of PBS shifted to higher wavenumbers and disappeared at the content of 60% CDA, due to the formation of hydrogen bond between PBS and CDA. The wide‐angle X‐ray diffractometer (WAXD) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis suggest that the crystallization of PBS was significantly restricted by the incorporation of CDA, which is also attributed to the hydrogen bonding. The scanning electron miscroscope (SEM) and polarized optical microscopy (POM) results revealed that PBS and CDA were miscible without appearance of obvious phase separation. The hydrogen bonding interaction led to the change of decomposing mechanism of blends as determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), as well as the increase of the elongation at break due to the reduced crystallinity of PBS. The existence of CDA led to the decrease of water contact angle, showing of the improved hydrophilicity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Crystallization kinetics of poly(1,4‐butylene‐co‐ethylene terephthalate)

The crystallization kinetics of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and their copolymers poly(1,4‐butylene‐co‐ethylene terephthalate) (PBET) containing 70/30, 65/35 and 60/40 molar ratios of 1,4‐butanediol/ethylene glycol were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at crystallization temperatures (T_c) which were 35–90 °C below equilibrium melting temperature . Although these copolymers contain both monomers in high proportion, DSC data revealed for copolymer crystallization behaviour. The reason for such copolymers being able to crystallize could be due to the similar chemical structures of 1,4‐butanediol and ethylene glycol. DSC results for isothermal crystallization revealed that random copolymers had a lower degree of crystallinity and lower crystallite growth rate than those of homopolymers. DSC heating scans, after completion of isothermal crystallization, showed triple melting endotherms for all these polyesters, similar to those of other polymers as reported in the literature. The crystallization isotherms followed the Avrami equation with an exponent n of 2–2.5 for PET and 2.5–3.0 for PBT and PBETs. Analyses of the Lauritzen–Hoffman equation for DSC isothermal crystallization data revealed that PBT and PET had higher growth rate constant G_o, and nucleation constant K_g than those of PBET copolymers. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Relationship between the crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene glycol) and stereocomplex crystallization of poly(L‐lactic acid)/poly(D‐lactic acid)

Poly(l ‐lactic acid) (PLLA) is a good biomedical polymer material with wide applications. The addition of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a plasticizer and the formation of stereocomplex crystals (SCs) have been proved to be effective methods for improving the crystallization of PLLA, which will promote its heat resistance. In this work, the crystallization behavior of PEG and PLLA/poly(d ‐lactic acid) (PDLA) in PLLA/PDLA/PEG and PEG‐b‐PLLA/PEG‐b‐PDLA blends has been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Both SCs and homocrystals (HCs) were observed in blends with asymmetric mass ratio of PLLA/PDLA, while exclusively SCs were observed in blends with approximately equal mass ratio of PLLA/PDLA. The crystallization of PEG was only observed for the symmetric blends of PLLA_39k/PDLA_35k/PEG_2k, PLLA_39k/PDLA_35k/PEG_5k, PLLA_69k/PDLA_96k/PEG_5k and PEG‐b‐PLLA_31k/PEG‐b‐PDLA_27k, where the mass ratio of PLLA/PDLA was approximately 1/1. The results demonstrated that the formation of exclusively SCs would facilitate the crystallization of PEG, while the existence of both HCs and SCs could restrict the crystallization of PEG. The crystallization of PEG is related to the crystallinity of PLLA and PDLA, which will be promoted by the formation of SCs. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

Phase behavior and morphology in blends of poly(L‐lactic acid) and poly(butylene succinate)

Blends of poly(L ‐lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) were prepared with various compositions by a melt‐mixing method and the phase behavior, miscibility, and morphology were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, small‐angle X‐ray scattering techniques, and polarized optical microscopy. The blend system exhibited a single glass transition over the entire composition range and its temperature decreased with an increasing weight fraction of the PBS component, but this depression was not significantly large. The DSC thermograms showed two distinct melting peaks over the entire composition range, indicating that these materials was classified as semicrystalline/semicrystalline blends. A depression of the equilibrium melting point of the PLA component was observed and the interaction parameter between PLA and PBS showed a negative value of ?0.15, which was derived using the Flory–Huggins equation. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering revealed that, in the blend system, the PBS component was expelled out of the interlamellar regions of PLA, which led to a significant decrease of a long‐period, amorphous layer thickness of PLA. For more than a 40% PBS content, significant crystallization‐induced phase separation was observed by polarized optical microscopy. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 647–655, 2002     

Influence of the degree of grafting on the morphology and mechanical properties of blends of poly(butylene terephthalate) and glycidyl methacrylate grafted poly(ethylene‐co‐propylene) (EPR)

Poly(ethylene‐co‐propylene) (EPR) was functionalized to varying degrees with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) by melt grafting processes. The EPR‐graft‐GMA elastomers were used to toughen poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT). Results showed that the grafting degree strongly influenced the morphology and mechanical properties of PBT/EPR‐graft‐GMA blends. Compatibilization reactions between the carboxyl and/or hydroxyl of PBT and epoxy groups of EPR‐graft‐GMA induced smaller dispersed phase sizes and uniform dispersed phase distributions. However, higher degrees of grafting (>1.3) and dispersed phase contents (>10 wt%) led to higher viscosities and severe crosslinking reactions in PBT/EPR‐graft‐GMA blends, resulting in larger dispersed domains of PBT blends. Consistent with the change in morphology, the impact strength of the PBT blends increased with the increase in EPR‐graft‐GMA degrees of grafting for the same dispersion phase content when the degree of grafting was below 1.8. However, PBT/EPR‐graft‐GMA1.8 displayed much lower impact strength in the ductile region than a comparable PBT/EPR‐graft‐GMA1.3 blend (1.3 indicates degree of grafting). Morphology and mechanical results showed that EPR‐graft‐GMA 1.3 was more suitable in improving the toughness of PBT. SEM results showed that the shear yielding properties of the PBT matrix and cavitation of rubber particles were major toughening mechanisms. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Characterization of the mechanical properties,crystallization, and enzymatic degradation behavior of poly(butylene succinate‐co‐ethyleneoxide‐co‐DL‐lactide) copolyesters

A series of aliphatic biodegradable poly (butylene succinate‐co‐ethyleneoxide‐co‐DL ‐lactide) copolyesters were synthesized by the polycondensation in the presence of dimethyl succinate, 1,4‐butanediol, poly(ethylene glycol), and DL ‐oligo(lactic acid) (OLA). The composition, as well as the sequential structure of the copolyesters, was carefully investigated by ¹H‐NMR. The crystallization behaviors, crystal structure, and spherulite morphology of the copolyesters were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry, wide angle X‐ray diffraction, and polarizing optical microscopy, respectively. The results indicate that the sequence length of butylene succinate (BS) decreased as the OLA feed molar ratio increasing. The crystallization behavior of the copolyesters was influenced by the composition and sequence length of BS, which further tuned the mechanical properties of the copolyesters. The copolyesters formed the crystal structures and spherulites similar to those of PBS. The incorporation of more content of ethylene oxide (EO) units into the copolyesters led to the enhanced hydrophilicity. The more content of lactide units in the copolyesters facilitated the degradation in the presence of enzymes. The morphology of the copolyester films after degradation was also studied by the scanning electron microscopy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Crystallization behavior of fully biodegradable poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) blends

Both poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) are fully biodegradable polyesters. The disadvantages of poor mechanical properties of PLA limit its wide application. Fully biodegradable polymer blends were prepared by blending PLA with PBAT. Crystallization behavior of neat and blended PLA was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM), and wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD). Experiment results indicated that in comparison with neat PLA, the degree of crystallinity of PLA in various blends all markedly was increased, and the crystallization mechanism almost did not change. The equilibrium melting point of PLA initially decreased with the increase of PBAT content and then increased when PBAT content in the blends was 60 wt % compared to neat PLA. In the case of the isothermal crystallization of neat PLA and its blends at the temperature range of 123–142°C, neat PLA and its blends exhibited bell shape curves for the growth rates, and the maximum crystallization rate of neat PLA and its blends all depended on crystallization temperature and their component. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Properties of uncompatibilized and compatibilized poly(butylene terephthalate)–LLDPE blends

In this work, blends of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) were prepared. LLDPE was used as an impact modifier. Since the system was found to be incompatible, compatibilization was sought for by the addition of the following two types of functionalized polyethylene: ethylene vinylacetate copolymer (EVA) and maleic anhydride‐grafted EVA copolymer (EVA‐g‐MAH). The effects of the compatibilizers on the rheological and mechanical properties of the blends have been also quantitatively investigated. The impact strength of the PBT–LLDPE binary blends slightly increased at a lower concentration of LLDPE but increased remarkably above a concentration of 60 wt % of LLDPE. The morphology of the blends showed that the LLDPE particles had dispersed in the PBT matrix below 40 wt % of LLDPE, while, at 60 wt % of LLDPE, a co‐continuous morphology was obtained, which could explain the increase of the impact strength of the blend. Generally, the mechanical strength was decreased by adding LLDPE to PBT. Addition of EVA or EVA‐g‐MAH as a compatibilizer to PBT–LLDPE (70/30) blend considerably improved the impact strength of the blend without significantly sacrificing the tensile and the flexural strength. More improvement in those mechanical properties was observed in the case of the EVA‐g‐MAH system than for the EVA system. A larger viscosity increase was also observed in the case of the EVA‐g‐MAH than EVA. This may be due to interaction of the EVA‐g‐MAH with PBT. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 989–997, 1999     

Structure and mechanical properties of poly(sulfone of bisphenol A)/poly(butylene terephthalate) blends

Blends of poly(sulfone of bisphenol A) (PSU) with poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) were obtained by direct injection moulding across the composition range. The two components of the blends reacted slightly in the melt state, producing linear copolymers. The slight changes observed in the two glass transition temperatures indicate that the copolymers were present in the two amorphous phases of the blends. The observed reactions and the high viscosity of the matrix of the PSU‐rich compositions led to a very fine morphology which could not be attained in the PBT‐rich compositions due to the low viscosity of the matrix and the direct injection moulding procedure used. This procedure is fast and economically advantageous, but leads to poor mixing. The different morphologies influenced neither the modulus nor the yield stress, which tended to follow the rule of mixtures. However, the low fracture properties of the PBT‐rich compositions contrasted with the ductility behaviour, and even the impact strength of the PSU‐rich blends, which also tended to be proportional to the blend composition. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Novel High‐Performance Talc/Poly[(butylene adipate)‐co‐terephthalate] Hybrid Materials

New talc/PBAT hybrid materials were prepared through reactive extrusion. First, PBAT was free‐radically grafted with MA to improve the interfacial adhesion between PBAT and talc. Then, the resulting MA‐g‐PBAT was reactively melt‐blended with talc through esterification reactions of MA moieties with the silanol functions from talc. Sn(Oct)₂ and DMAP were used as catalysts. Interestingly, the tensile properties for these compatibilized composites were improved due to a better interfacial adhesion between both partners. XPS showed the formation of covalent ester bonds between the silanol functions from talc particles, and the MA moieties grafted onto the polyester backbones.