A laboratory exercise in the study of the gross structure of the eye

The dissection of the bovine eye, when it is based on procedures used in ophthalmic surgery, results in an enthusiastic reception by medical students. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Arterialization of the venous system of the brain

Department of Normal Physiology, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 105, No. 1, pp. 9–11, January, 1988.     

Injury to and regeneration of the renal epithelium after crushing of the soft tissues of the limbs

After crushing of the soft tissues of the limbs in rabbits the dynamics of the cell composition in the proximal thin and thick regions of the loop and the distal portions and collecting tubules of the kidneys was studied. The area of the nuclei in the epithelium of the proximal and distal tubules and of the collecting tubules was determined planimetrically. Regeneration of the epithelium of the nephrons and collecting tubules was found to correlate with the degree of injury, increased mitotic activity was associated with an increase in the relative number of pathological mitoses, and the mean area of the cell nuclei was increased.Department of Histology with Embryology and Cytology, Medical Institute, Yaroslavl'. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 5, pp. 601–603, May, 1976.     

石家庄市职业女性幸福度及其影响因素分析

目的了解石家庄市职业女性在工作-家庭-社会支持等因素影响下的主观幸福感。方法抽取石家庄市部分单位的职业女性927名作为调查对象,采用《纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表》来评价其幸福度。结果按职业分组,得分最高组为文艺工作者(36.0±7.6),得分最低组为个体或者其他(26.8±7.1);按年龄分组,得分最高的为45岁组(34.6±9.1),得分最低组为30岁组(30.4±9.4);按收入分组,得分最高组为2500元组(33.3±9.2),得分最低组为月收入最高的3500元组(31.1±9.4);职业女性的幸福度随着受教育程度的增高而增加;有配偶组的职业女性幸福度得分高于无配偶组。结论职业女性的幸福度受到多种因素的相互作用和共同作用,其中主要的因素有职业、年龄和收入。     

Spatial distribution of activity of the neurons of the visual cortex during stimulation with a flash of diffused light

At different stages in the development of the response to a flash of diffused light, groupings of excited neurons in field 17 of the guinea pig continue to occur within the same cortical microzones. These zones are separated from neighboring microzones by narrow inhibition zones. The ensembles of cells participating in excitation form columns tapering with depth. The grouping of excited cells noted during a silent break indicates a grouping of inhibitory neurons. Three subgroups are distinguished within the ensembles according to the average dynamics of their impulse activity; the groups are reciprocally interrelated. One of the subgroups is in the lower layers of the cortex. This subgroup is characterized by stably localized foci of maximal activity; their dynamics, apparently reflecting groupings of corticofugal neurons, are sharply distinguished from the subgroups of the middle layers. The ensembles under investigation are considered to be one of the forms of activity of the structural-morphological units in the cortex.Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 69, No. 1, pp. 46–54, January, 1983.     

Reorganization of the vestibulothalamic projections in lesions to the interpositus nucleus of the cerebellum and the vestibular nucleus of Deiters

The potential for plastic reorganization in the vestibulothalamic system was studied in adult cats. Preliminary (three months) lesioning of the contralateral nucleus interpositus of the cerebellum or the lateral vestibular nucleus of Deiters led to reorganization of vestibulothalamic projections with formation of ipsilateral projections to the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus from the nuclei of the vestibular complex, along with changes in the normal representation of the contralateral projections of the vestibular complex to this thalamic nucleus. The distribution and morphological composition of cells in the vestibular nuclei forming the new projections to the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus were studied. __________ Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 93, No. 11, pp. 1275–1284, November, 2007.     

Method of investigation of deviations from the normal duration of the cardiac cycle

An electronic system for determining the frequency of deviations from the normal duration of the cardiac cycle is described.Department of Physics and Department of Pediatrics, Voroshilovgrad Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician V. N. Chernigovskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 78, No. 7, pp. 123–124, July, 1974.     

Some properties of the calcium pump of the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the skeletal muscles of rabbits with hypercholesteremia

Fragments of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) isolated from the skeletal muscles of rabbits with marked atherosclerosis have impaired ability to accumulate Ca⁺⁺. A decrease in the efficiency of the transport process, expressed as a decrease in the Ca/ATP ratio, is accompanied by activation of Ca-ATPase and by a simultaneous increase in the rate of outflow of Ca⁺⁺ from SR. The temperature dependence of Ca-ATPase, plotted between Arrhenius coordinates, normally has an inflection at 20–21°C, but in hypercholesteremia the graph becomes a straight line. Meanwhile the cholesterol/protein ratio in membrane preparations of SR rises sharply in atherosclerosis. The Ca-ATPase of native membranes has an activation energy (E_a) of 15.6 and 28.7 kcal/mole in regions above and below the inflection respectively. The Ca-ATPase of membranes containing an increased amount of cholesterol has an activation energy of 19 kcal/mole over the whole range of temperatures investigated. It is suggested that the cholesterol level in membrane preparations changes not only the physicochemical characteristics of the membranes, but also the enzymic properties of transport ATPase.Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Biochemistry, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Department of Biochemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow University. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR S. E. Severin.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 7, pp. 32–35, July, 1978.     

??趾胫侧底动脉蒂足内侧缘静脉营养血管皮瓣的应用解剖

目的：为趾胫侧底动脉蒂足内侧缘静脉营养血管皮瓣修复足前部软组织缺损提供解剖基础。方法在30侧动脉内灌注红色乳胶的成人足标本上解剖观测：足内侧缘静脉的走行与分布,以及趾胫侧底动脉与足内侧缘静脉营养血管间吻合关系。在1侧新鲜足标本上进行模拟手术设计。结果足内侧缘静脉在第1跗跖关节附近,由足背静脉弓内端与趾内侧趾背静脉汇合而成,沿足背内缘后行,于内踝附近延续为大隐静脉;踝间线处横径为（3．2±0．5) mm。足内侧缘静脉营养血管为多节段、多源性,其中趾胫侧底动脉的位置相对恒定,在第1跖趾关节近端（2．3±0．2) cm处,由展肌肌腱与第1跖骨间浅出到达皮肤,并分出众多的细小血管与足内侧缘静脉旁血管链的分支密切吻合。结论趾胫侧底动脉蒂足内侧缘静脉营养血管皮瓣可转位修复前足软组织缺损。     

胃体和胃窦部体表胃电电极定位观测

本文采用 X 线胃肠钡餐摄片法,以胃体及胃窦部中央为胃体点和胃窦点.100名正常人测量结果:胃体点在剑突至脐连线中点上方平均1.6cm,旁开左侧4.5cm 处;胃窦点在剑突至脐连线中点下方0.7cm,旁开右侧1.4cm 处。     

冠状面间环形缝扎甲状腺预留腺体在甲状腺大部分切除术中的应用

目的 降低甲状腺大部分切除术后喉返神经、喉上神经的损伤率，减少术中和术后出血以及术后颈部血肿的发生率。方法 在甲状腺基底部预定残留的腺体上先作冠状面环形间断缝扎，再切除大部分甲状腺组织。结果 术中、术后出血明显减少。未发现喉返神经、喉上神经损伤及颈部血肿等并发症。结论 冠状面间断环形缝扎甲状腺预留腺体能减少甲状腺大部分切除术术中、术后的出血厦术后颈部血肿的发生率，降低或避免喉返神经、喉上神经的损伤。