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1.
掌叶复盆子(Rubus Chingii Hu)又名牛奶母,属蔷薇科落叶灌木。单叶,掌状深裂,花单生于短枝顶端,白色。聚合果球形,红色,下垂,小核果密生灰白色柔毛。果生食,味甘甜;入药,能补肾益精;根能止咳、活血消肿,是常用的中草药。本文根据作者对掌叶复盆子果实中主要营养成份的分析,来说明它的药理作用和营养价值,为其应用提供科学依据。材料和设备 相似文献
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不同产地栽培薏苡种子性状的变异分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过观察和测量中国8省区9产地栽培薏苡种子的各种性状,运用SPSS 11.5软件进行统计分析,探讨了不同产地栽培薏苡种子的变异及原因。结果表明:中国尤其是西南地区的栽培薏苡种子性状差异性显著,除种子长度、种子与颖果重量差之外,薏苡种子的其他形态指标均呈极显著差异(P<0.01);颖果长度与产地的平均气温和年降雨量、颖果长宽比与海拔均呈显著相关;而其它地理、气候等生态因子与种子性状相关不显著;聚类分析显示9个产地的栽培薏苡可聚为5类。综上所述,栽培薏苡的种子性状变异是遗传信息、栽培方法和生态因子等内外部原因共同作用的结果,可能主要是受到基因交流和人工驯化选择的影响。 相似文献
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叶性状分化在自然界中较为普遍,不同的叶性状特征与植物对资源获得及利用效率密切关联,反映了植物适应特定环境所形成的生存对策。叶性状分化的生态功能一直以来备受生态学家和进化生物学家的广泛关注。自然界构树(Broussonetia papyifera)在个体发育过程中出现全缘叶和裂缺叶的分化,但其生态功能尚不清楚,推测两者的叶型分化是构树对虫害规避的结果。为了探讨构树叶性状分化对应的可能生态功能,该研究采用野外监测和室内分析的方法,对构树全缘叶和裂缺叶的虫害发生率、叶面积、与抗虫有关的酚类物质(总酚、缩合单宁、黄酮)含量进行了比较。结果表明:(1)相对于裂缺叶,全缘叶虫害发生率显著增加,全缘叶虫害发生率是裂缺叶的两倍。(2)自然条件下,全缘叶叶面积显著高于裂缺叶,增加了约44个百分点。(3)自然条件下,裂缺叶中总酚、缩合单宁、黄酮含量均显著高于全缘叶,分别提高了6.0%、4.2%和16.2%。(4)除黄酮外,虫害处理下裂缺叶中总酚、缩合单宁含量显著高于全缘叶,均提高了约5.0%。(5)人为移除部分叶片,裂缺叶中总酚、缩合单宁、黄酮含量均显著高于全缘叶,分别提高8.0%、1.6%和25.4%。这说明构树全缘叶和裂缺叶中酚类物质含量对外来损伤响应不一致,裂缺叶虫害发生率较全缘叶低可能由于两种类型叶片中酚类物质含量存在差异所引起。 相似文献
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对两种鲍鱼菇栽培性状的初报王玉杰,石德荣（辽宁省出口食用菌研究所．大连１１６１００）随着市场的需要,鲍鱼菇的生产正在不断发展。现将笔者对日本鲍鱼菇（简称Ｇ）和泰国鲍鱼菇（简称ｎ栽培性状观察比较情况总结如下：一对培养料的选择和利用１在１００ｇｒｏ棉壳的... 相似文献
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在引进抗虫陆地棉品种的基础上,对5个品种二年生及其一年生栽培的主要经济性状进行了比较研究。结果显示,二年生棉平均皮棉产量1510.56kg·hm-2,比其一年生棉平均增产14.57%;二年生棉的棉纤维品质性状与其一年生棉的基本一致,部分性状优于其一年生棉。在供试品种中,中928 F1和湘杂棉3号的二年生棉皮棉产量分别为1845.42kg·hm-2,1689.63kg·hm-2,棉纤维品质优良,产量构成因素匹配好,可在冬季无霜或轻霜地区进行二年生栽培并应用于生产。 相似文献
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栽培稻旱胁迫叶片相关性状的遗传解析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用籼稻窄叶青8号(ZYQ8)和粳稻京系17(JX17)衍生的加倍单倍体(DH)群体127个株系,2002年在杭州采用田间断水法栽培,在水分胁迫下,对叶片的卷叶、相对含水量和电导率3个性状进行了评价和QTL分析。结果表明,3个性状在DH群体中均存在双向超亲分离,接近正态分布,受数量性状基因的控制;检测到影响这些性状的6个QTL,其中卷叶3个(qLR—1,qLR—5和qLR—11)、相对含水量2个(qRWC—1和qRWC—6和电导率1个(qERC—6）。旱胁迫时,目测卷叶方便易行,适于对大批品种或资源筛选,对抗旱栽培稻品种的筛选和利用具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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轮叶党参的驯化栽培研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
轮叶党参的驯化栽培研究赵占英于翠兰田洪张俊兰何允波王金硕宋晓华（吉林通化市园艺研究所１３４００１）轮叶党参ＣｏｄｏｎｐｏｓｉｓｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔａＢｅｎｔｎ．ｅｔＨｏｏｋ．ｆ．,别名：羊乳,白蟒肉（东北）,奶参（野生经济植物志）。为桔梗科,多年生缠绕... 相似文献
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旨在探究植物热调节效应与其叶性状、构型性状之间的关联,以期为园林绿地热调节效应提升提供科学植物选择依据。以毛白杨、槐、碧桃等24种北京地区常见落叶阔叶树种为研究对象,测定其叶厚度、比叶重等叶性状与株高、树冠高宽比等植株构型性状,以及利用Li-6400XT便携式光合测定系统以及Li-250A光照计测定了植物蒸腾速率、林冠下太阳辐射强度等指标,在此基础上计算树种蒸腾吸热量、太阳辐射削减率等热调节效应指标,分析不同树种相关性状与植物热调节效应指标之间的关系。24种园林绿化树种蒸腾吸热与拦截太阳辐射能力存在显著差异(P<0.05),不同生活型热调节效应总体表现出乔木、小乔木优于灌木。其中,除美国红梣与元宝枫综合热调节能力较强以外,毛白杨、一球悬铃木在单位土地面积蒸腾吸热量方面表现较优,银杏、鸡树条在拦截太阳辐射方面表现较优,紫丁香综合热调节效应最弱。植物叶片蒸腾吸热能力与植物叶片干物质含量、比叶重呈显著正相关(P<0.05),且株高、树木高宽比较高的植株其蒸腾吸热能力较强;叶面积指数、树冠高宽比对植物太阳辐射拦截能力存在显著影响(P<0.05)。被试树种中美国红梣与元宝枫具有较优的综合热调节效应。叶片干物质含量、比叶重等叶性状以及株高、枝下高、树木高宽比等构型性状是指示或影响绿化树种热调节效应的重要因素。 相似文献
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应用徒手切片法对金银忍冬叶进行了解剖学的初步研究,旨在为其解剖学、分类学及生药学的研究提供相应基础。结果表明:金银忍冬叶为异面叶,上下表皮细胞各一列,上表皮没有气孔,下表皮气孔分布的气孔指数为14.3%～25%,多为不定式气孔,栅栏组织为1层,含叶绿体较多,海绵组织内含草酸钙簇晶,表皮细胞外壁加厚形成角质层,皮层有厚角组织,主脉为外韧维管束等。上述特征说明金银忍冬叶的解剖结构与其生理功能及生态环境是相适应的。 相似文献
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大叶相思引种栽培初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大叶相思引种栽培试验,经五年初步研究,对其生长发育、育苗造林、生态学特性及在福建的适生范围作了调查。对四年生人工林测定,平均生长量为高2.2米/年,胸径2.0厘米/年,生长季日生长量0.79厘米。地上部净生产量52.77吨/公顷,凋落量6.10吨/公顷·年。它是速生高产、耐贫瘠、适应性广的薪炭树种。 相似文献
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Longji Wang Ting Lei Guomin Han Junyang Yue Xueru Zhang Qi Yang Haixiang Ruan Chunyang Gu Qiang Zhang Tao Qian Niuniu Zhang Wei Qian Qi Wang Xiaojing Pang Yue Shu Liping Gao Yunsheng Wang 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2021,107(5):1466-1477
Rubus chingii Hu (Fu-Pen-Zi), a perennial woody plant in the Rosaceae family, is a characteristic traditional Chinese medicinal plant because of its unique pharmacological effects. There are abundant hydrolyzable tannin (HT) components in R. chingii that provide health benefits. Here, an R. chingii chromosome-scale genome and related functional analysis provide insights into the biosynthetic pathway of HTs. In total, sequence data of 231.21 Mb (155 scaffolds with an N50 of 8.2 Mb) were assembled into seven chromosomes with an average length of 31.4 Mb, and 33 130 protein-coding genes were predicted, 89.28% of which were functionally annotated. Evolutionary analysis showed that R. chingii was most closely related to Rubus occidentalis, from which it was predicted to have diverged 22.46 million years ago (Table S8). Comparative genomic analysis showed that there was a tandem gene cluster of UGT, carboxylesterase (CXE) and SCPL genes on chromosome 02 of R. chingii, including 11 CXE, eight UGT, and six SCPL genes, which may be critical for the synthesis of HTs. In vitro enzyme assays indicated that the proteins encoded by the CXE (LG02.4273) and UGT (LG02.4102) genes have tannin hydrolase and gallic acid glycosyltransferase functions, respectively. The genomic sequence of R. chingii will be a valuable resource for comparative genomic analysis within the Rosaceae family and will be useful for understanding the biosynthesis of HTs. 相似文献
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Yan-hua Lu Juan Chen Dong-zhi Wei Zheng-tao Wang Xin-yi Tao 《Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry》2013,28(5):1154-1160
Tiliroside was found to inhibit both monophenolase and diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase. The lag time of tyrosine oxidation catalyzed by mushroom tyrosinase was obviously lengthened; 0.337?mM of tiliroside resulted in the lag time extension from 46.7?s to 435.1?s. A kinetic analysis shown that tiliroside was a competitive inhibitor for monophenolase and diphenolase with Ki values of 0.052?mM and 0.26?mM, respectively. Furthermore, tiliroside showed 34.5% (p?<?0.05) inhibition of intracellular tyrosinase activity and 54.1% (p?<?0.05) inhibition of melanin production with low cytotoxicity on B16 mouse melanoma cells at 0.168?mM. In contrast, arbutin displayed 9.1% inhibition of cellular tyrosinase activity and 29.5% inhibition of melanin production at the same concentration. These results suggested that tiliroside was a potent tyrosinase inhibitor and might be used as a skin-whitening agent and pigmentation medicine. 相似文献
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Marcus Lewin;Mingyue Zhou;Melanie S. Montes;Tore Mattsson;Tomas Burén;Mikael Hedrén;Ulf Ryde; 《Nordic Journal of Botany》2022,2022(12):e03759
Using flow cytometry and microsatellite DNA analysis (MSDA), we studied hybrids between Rubus caesius and various other Rubus species, with an emphasis on Sweden. We show that hybrids between Rubus caesius and Rubus sect. Corylifolii arise easily. They show a large variation in morphology, but can normally be recognised by a number of characters. They are typically hexaploids, but ~13% of the hybrids are pentaploids and ~8% tetraploids. With MSDA, they are harder to identify than hybrids with R. idaeus, partly because all Corylifolii species have themselves arisen from R. caesius hybrids and therefore share many alleles with R. caesius, partly because hybridisation with R. caesius seems to give rise to some variation in microsatellite regions. Hybrids with species of R. sect. Rubus are much rarer in Sweden and we have only identified one such case. We show that R. cyclomorphus and R. tiliaster are not proper apomictic species, at least not in Sweden, but rather a collection of genetically unrelated hybrids between R. caesius and R. raduloides or R. camptostachys. MSDA analysis of R. slesvicensis and R. firmus shows that these species are problematic. We identify two distinct taxa, one from Skåne in Sweden, which we describe as a new species, R. ruboculus and another from the neighbourhood of Viborg and Schleswig, although the latter is probably not identical with R. slesvicensis s.s. All the other samples form a diverse group of putative R. caesius hybrids at three different ploidy levels. Rubus glauciformis is uniform in Småland, Öland and Blekinge, but becomes harder to distinguish from various hybrids in Skåne. We conclude that once R. caesius and R. idaeus hybrids are properly identified, along with a small number of new apomictic species (often with a local distribution), the genus Rubus does not pose any serious taxonomical problems in Sweden. 相似文献
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Toshinori Okuyama 《Ecology and evolution》2020,10(6):2838-2845
Although intraindividual variability (IIV) in behavior is fundamental to ecological dynamics, the factors that contribute to the expression of IIV are poorly understood. Using an individual‐based model, this study examined the effects of stochasticity on the evolution of IIV represented by the residual variability of behavior. The model describes a population of prey with nonoverlapping generations, in which prey take refuge upon encountering a predator. The strategy of a prey is characterized by the mean and IIV (i.e., standard deviation) of hiding duration. Prey with no IIV will spend the same duration hiding in a refuge at each predator encounter, while prey with IIV will have variable hiding durations among encounters. For the sources of stochasticity, within‐generation stochasticity (represented by random predator encounters) and between‐generation stochasticity (represented by random resource availability) were considered. Analysis of the model indicates that individuals with high levels of IIV are maintained in a population in the presence of between‐generation stochasticity even though the optimal strategy in each generation is a strategy with no IIV, regardless of the presence or absence of within‐generation stochasticity. This contradictory pattern emerges because the mean behavioral trait and IIV do not independently influence fitness (e.g., the sign of the selection gradient with respect to IIV depends on the mean trait). Consequently, even when evolution eventually leads toward a strategy with no IIV (i.e., the optimal strategy), greater IIV may be transiently selected. Between‐generation stochasticity consistently imposes such transient selection and maintain high levels of IIV in a population. 相似文献
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《Ecology and evolution》2017,7(9):3143-3148
Egg limitation is known to destabilize host–parasitoid dynamics. This study reexamines the effect of egg limitation in light of the individual variation in parasitization risk among hosts (e.g., some hosts are more likely to be parasitized than others). Previous studies have considered egg limitation (predicted as a destabilizing factor) and individual variation among hosts (predicted as a stabilizing factor) in isolation; however, their interaction is not known. An individual‐based model was used to examine the effects of each factor and their interaction. The model‐based analysis shows a clear interaction between egg limitation and individual variation in risk among hosts. Egg limitation can both stabilize and destabilize host–parasitioid dynamics depending on the presence and absence of the risk variation. The result suggests that the population‐dynamic consequences of egg limitation are more complex than previously thought and emphasizes the importance of the simultaneous consideration of multiple ecological factors (with individual‐level details) to uncover potential interactions among them. 相似文献
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Toshinori Okuyama 《Ecology and evolution》2017,7(2):526-532
The effects of the expected predation rate on population dynamics have been studied intensively, but little is known about the effects of predation rate variability (i.e., predator individuals having variable foraging success) on population dynamics. In this study, variation in foraging success among predators was quantified by observing the predation of the wolf spider Pardosa pseudoannulata on the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus in the laboratory. A population model was then developed, and the effect of foraging variability on predator–prey dynamics was examined by incorporating levels of variation comparable to those quantified in the experiment. The variability in the foraging success among spiders was greater than would be expected by chance (i.e., the random allocation of prey to predators). The foraging variation was density‐dependent; it became higher as the predator density increased. A population model that incorporates foraging variation shows that the variation influences population dynamics by affecting the numerical response of predators. In particular, the variation induces negative density‐dependent effects among predators and stabilizes predator–prey dynamics. 相似文献
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《Ethology, Ecology and Evolution》2012,24(2):121-134
In repeated tests we investigated the intra-individual stability and interindividual differences of courtship behaviour for 23 Japanese male quail, Coturnix c. japonica. A moving taxidermically prepared female model, and then a living female quail, were used as stimuli. Eight display units were recorded: sidedisplay, tiptoe-walking, body-shaking, nest-invitation ceremony, shoulder-featherssmoothing, up-down head movement, curtsey and flattening. During visual contact with the lure or direct encounter with a female, intra-individual stability of male courtship behaviour was noticed throughout the tests. Inter-individual differences were also observed at two levels: quantitative and qualitative. Depending on the individual, males were more or less active and/or expressed different behavioural units during courtship. Some males did not react to the lure but were clearly stimulated by the living female, whereas other ones displayed with both of the stimuli. Using correspondence analyses, several profiles of behaviour were shown and discussed in terms of personality traits. 相似文献
