不同浓度Ni、Cu处理对骆驼蓬光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的影响

以骆驼蓬幼苗为材料,采用盆栽试验研究不同浓度（0、50、100、200、400 mg·kg^-1）Ni、Cu处理对骆驼蓬叶片光合作用、叶绿素荧光特性及生长状况的影响.结果表明： 随着Ni浓度的增加,骆驼蓬幼苗叶片的光合色素含量、净光合速率（P_n）、气孔导度（G_s）、蒸腾速率（T_r）、PSⅡ最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）、PSⅡ电子传递量子产率（Φ_PSⅡ）、光化学猝灭系数（q_P）及各项生长指标均呈显著下降趋势,而细胞间隙CO₂浓度（C_i）和非光化学猝灭系数（q_N）呈显著增加趋势,其中P_n的下降主要是由非气孔限制所致;骆驼蓬幼苗叶片的光合色素含量、P_n、G_s、T_r、C_i、F_v/F_m、Φ_PSⅡ、q_P及各项生长指标均在50 mg·kg^-1 Cu处理时达到峰值,叶绿素a和b、P_n、G_s、T_r、C_i、F_v/F_m及各项生长指标值在100 mg·kg^-1 Cu处理时仍微高于对照,而后随Cu浓度的增加,光合色素含量、P_n、G_s、T_r、C_i、 F_v/F_m、Φ_PSⅡ、q_P及各项生长指标均呈下降趋势,q_N呈增加趋势,其中P_n的下降主要是由气孔限制所致.     

茉莉酸甲酯对干旱及复水条件下烤烟幼苗叶绿素荧光特性的影响

以烤烟品种“龙江911”为试验材料,研究了干旱及复水过程中外源茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)对移栽后烤烟幼苗叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光特性的影响.结果表明： 干旱下烤烟幼苗叶绿素含量、PSⅡ反应中心完全关闭时荧光产量(F_m)、PSⅡ潜在活性(F_v/F_o)、最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、实际光化学效率(Ф_PSⅡ)、表观电子传递速率(ETR)和光化学猝灭系数(q_P)下降,而初始荧光(F_o)和非光化学猝灭系数(q_N)升高,0.2和0.5 mmol·L^-1的外源MeJA明显减缓了干旱下烤烟幼苗F_v/F_m、F_v/F_o、Ф_PSⅡ、ETR、q_P的下降和q_N的上升,而1.0 mmol·L^-1 MeJA效果不明显.复水后,烤烟幼苗各项叶绿素荧光指标均有明显恢复,并且MeJA处理后的幼苗恢复更明显.表明外源MeJA减轻了干旱胁迫下烤烟叶片叶绿素的分解,对PSII反应中心起到一定的保护作用,提高了电子传递速率,降低了干旱胁迫对烤烟幼苗的伤害,并且复水后叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光参数能迅速恢复,从而保证了经干旱胁迫后烤烟幼苗能迅速缓苗.     

5-氨基乙酰丙酸对NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗光合特性的影响

为探讨5-氨基乙酰丙酸（ALA）对NaCl胁迫下番茄光合特性的调控作用,以‘金鹏一号’番茄幼苗为试材,研究叶面喷施50 mg·L^-1或根施10 mg·L^-1 ALA对100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗光合及叶绿素荧光参数的影响.结果表明： NaCl胁迫下,番茄幼苗光合气体交换参数（净光合速率P_n、气孔导度g_s、胞间CO₂浓度C_i、蒸腾速率T_r）及叶绿素荧光参数（实际光化学量子产量F_v′/F_m′、F_m′、PSⅡ反应中心实际光化学效率Φ_PSⅡ、表观光合电子传递效率ETR、光化学淬灭q_P、光化学反应Pc）均显著降低,根施或叶施ALA均可以提高NaCl胁迫下番茄叶片的光合能力,但两种处理方式之间存在一定差异.叶面喷施50 mg·L^-1ALA或根施10 mg·L^-1ALA处理均显著提高了番茄叶片P_n、T_r、g_s和C_i,提高了水分利用效率（WUE）,显著增加了NaCl胁迫下叶片的最大净光合速率,减轻了光抑制.根施ALA对叶绿素含量的作用效果较好,而叶施ALA对光合参数的作用效果较好,两处理叶绿素荧光参数差异不显著.叶面喷施或根施ALA可以提高番茄幼苗的耐盐性,其调控作用与促进叶绿素合成与稳定、维持正常气孔开闭、降低气孔限制,进而提高NaCl胁迫下番茄叶片的光合能力和PSⅡ光化学效率有关.
     

花铃期土壤持续干旱对棉铃对位叶气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光特性的影响

在盆栽条件下,以杂交棉泗杂3号为材料,以花铃期正常灌水\[土壤相对含水量(SRWC)(75±5)%\]为对照,设花铃期SRWC(60±5)%和SRWC(45±5)%持续干旱50 d两个处理,研究棉铃对位叶气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数在持续干旱过程中的动态变化和响应机制.结果表明: SRWC (60±5)%处理0～21 d棉铃对位叶的净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(g_s)、胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)下降,气孔限制值(L_s)上升,叶绿素荧光参数无显著变化,P_n下降的主要原因是气孔限制;处理21～49 d棉铃对位叶P_n持续下降,C_i上升,L_s下降,同时最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、实际光化学效率(Φ_PSII)和光化学猝灭系数(q_P)显著降低,非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)先升后降,P_n下降的主要原因是非气孔限制;此时叶片PSII系统受到损伤,光合机构及光合酶系统被破坏,同时成铃强度急剧下降,成铃数降低,导致产量下降.SRWC(45±5)%处理0～14 d棉铃对位叶P_n、g_s、C_i显著下降,L_s急剧上升,F_v/F_m、Φ_PSII、q_P无显著变化,P_n下降主要由气孔限制引起;处理14～49 d,棉铃对位叶P_n缓慢下降,C_i上升,L_s下降,F_v/F_m、Φ_PSII和q_P不断降低,而NPQ先升后降,表明P_n下降主要由非气孔限制引起,同时成铃强度急剧下降,成铃数减少,产量降低.本试验条件下,SRWC(60±5)%和SRWC(45±5)%处理下棉花生长的临界胁迫时间分别为21和14 d.     

NO3-胁迫对草莓幼苗光合特性和氮代谢的影响

沙培条件下,以16 mmol NO₃^-·L^-1为对照,研究不同浓度NO₃^-(64、112 和160 mmol·L^-1)对草莓幼苗光合特性和氮代谢的影响.结果表明： 处理8 d后,随NO₃^-浓度的增加,草莓叶片净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(g_s)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Φ_PSⅡ)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)和光化学猝灭系数(q_P)均显著降低,当NO₃^-浓度达到160 mmol·L^-1时,较对照分别降低67.7%、68.4%、35.7%、23.2%、26.9%;非光化学猝灭系数(q_N)逐渐升高,64、112 和160 mmol NO₃^-·L^-1处理较对照分别升高4.4%、10.9%、75.8%;胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)呈先降低后升高趋势,气孔限制值(L_s)呈先升高后降低趋势.随NO₃^-浓度增加,草莓叶片及根系中硝态氮、铵态氮、全氮和凯氏氮含量逐渐增加,蛋白氮含量减少.硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性均随NO₃^-浓度增加呈现先升高后降低趋势.随NO₃^-处理浓度增加草莓幼苗叶片净光合速率下降,PSⅡ电子传递受阻,氮素积累,高浓度下氮代谢酶活性降低,营养液中NO₃^-浓度为64 mmol·L^-1时开始产生胁迫,不利于草莓幼苗的生长.     

NO3-胁迫对草莓幼苗光合特性和氮代谢的影响

沙培条件下,以16 mmol NO₃^-·L^-1为对照,研究不同浓度NO₃^-(64、112 和160 mmol·L^-1)对草莓幼苗光合特性和氮代谢的影响.结果表明： 处理8 d后,随NO₃^-浓度的增加,草莓叶片净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(g_s)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Φ_PSⅡ)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)和光化学猝灭系数(q_P)均显著降低,当NO₃^-浓度达到160 mmol·L^-1时,较对照分别降低67.7%、68.4%、35.7%、23.2%、26.9%;非光化学猝灭系数(q_N)逐渐升高,64、112 和160 mmol NO₃^-·L^-1处理较对照分别升高4.4%、10.9%、75.8%;胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)呈先降低后升高趋势,气孔限制值(L_s)呈先升高后降低趋势.随NO₃^-浓度增加,草莓叶片及根系中硝态氮、铵态氮、全氮和凯氏氮含量逐渐增加,蛋白氮含量减少.硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性均随NO₃^-浓度增加呈现先升高后降低趋势.随NO₃^-处理浓度增加草莓幼苗叶片净光合速率下降,PSⅡ电子传递受阻,氮素积累,高浓度下氮代谢酶活性降低,营养液中NO₃^-浓度为64 mmol·L^-1时开始产生胁迫,不利于草莓幼苗的生长.     

施氮和大气CO2浓度升高对小麦旗叶光合电子传递和分配的影响

采用开顶式气室盆栽培养小麦,设计2个大气CO₂浓度（正常：400 μmol·mol^-1;高：760 μmol·mol^-1）、2个氮素水平（0和200 mg·kg^-1土）的组合处理,通过测定小麦抽穗期旗叶氮素和叶绿素浓度、光合速率（P_n）-胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）响应曲线及荧光动力学参数,来测算小麦叶片光合电子传递速率等,研究了高大气CO₂浓度下施氮对小麦旗叶光合能量分配的影响.结果表明：与正常大气CO₂浓度相比,高大气CO₂浓度下小麦叶片氮浓度和叶绿素浓度降低,高氮处理的小麦叶片叶绿素a/b升高.施氮后小麦叶片PSⅡ最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）、PSⅡ反应中心最大量子产额（F_v′/F_m′）、PSⅡ反应中心的开放比例（q_p）和PSⅡ反应中心实际光化学效率（Φ_PSⅡ）在大气CO₂浓度升高后无明显变化,虽然叶片非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）显著降低,但PSⅡ总电子传递速率（J_F）无明显增加;不施氮处理的F_v′/F_m′、Φ_PSⅡ和NPQ在高大气CO₂浓度下显著降低,尽管F_v/F_m和q_P无明显变化,J_F仍显著下降.施氮后小麦叶片J_F增加,参与光化学反应的非环式电子流传递速率(J_C)明显升高.大气CO₂浓度升高使参与光呼吸的非环式电子流传递速率(J₀)、Rubisco氧化速率（V₀）、光合电子的光呼吸/光化学传递速率比（J₀/J_C）和Rubisco氧化/羧化比（V₀/V_C）降低,但使J_C和Rubisco羧化速率（V_C）增加.因此,高大气CO₂浓度下小麦叶片氮浓度和叶绿素浓度降低,而增施氮素使通过PSⅡ反应中心的电子流速率显著增加,促进了光合电子流向光化学方向的传递,使更多的电子进入Rubisco羧化过程,P_n显著升高.     

短期UV-B辐射对青藏高原美丽风毛菊PSⅡ光化学效率的影响

通过短期增补UV-B辐射模拟试验,研究了青藏高原典型天气(晴天、多云、阴天)下高山植物美丽风毛菊叶片的叶绿素荧光参数变化.结果表明: 随天气由晴变阴,美丽风毛菊叶片暗适应3 min的PSⅡ最大光化学量子效率(F_v/F_m)显著升高,实际PSⅡ光化学效率(Φ_PSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(q_P)也升高,而非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)则降低,可见光辐射（PAR）是影响PSⅡ光能转化效率的主要因素.增补UV-B辐射后,3种典型天气下,美丽风毛菊叶片的F_v/F_m和NPQ略有降低,Φ_PSⅡ和q_P略微增加,但对光合气体交换过程没有产生负影响.叶片净光合速率P_n和Φ_PSⅡ的增高趋势与增补UV-B辐射下相对较多的UV-A成分有关,同时也得益于叶片厚度的增加. UV-B辐射对叶片光合机构具有潜在负影响.     

外源Ca2+对高温强光下西葫芦幼苗形态特征、光合特性及荧光参数的影响

选用西葫芦(Cucurbita pepo)品种“阿兰”一代为试验材料,研究了外源Ca²⁺处理对高温强光交叉胁迫下西葫芦幼苗生长特征、光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数的影响.结果表明：高温强光胁迫下,5～20 mmol·L^-1 Ca²⁺处理的西葫芦幼苗具有较高的株高和较大的叶面积,其叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量及光合速率（P_n）、气孔导度（G_s）、蒸腾速率（T_r）、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Φ_PSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(q_P)均较高,而胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）和非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）较低,其中以10 mmol·L^-1Ca²⁺处理效果最好.说明5～20 mmol·L^-1Ca²⁺处理能有效缓解高温强光对西葫芦光合机构的不可逆伤害,使其保持较快的光合电子传递速率和较高的PSⅡ电子传递活性.Ca²⁺处理浓度超过40 mmol·L^-1时对高温强光胁迫没有缓解效应.     

不同水势对黄瓜花后叶片气体交换及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

研究不同水势（SWP）对温室黄瓜花后叶片气体交换及叶绿素荧光参数的影响.结果表明： -10和-30 kPa分别为黄瓜开始产生干旱胁迫和干旱胁迫由气孔限制转向非气孔限制的水势临界值.在无干旱胁迫阶段(-10 kPas)、胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)、净光合速率(P_n)、表观量子效率(ε)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、羧化效率(CE)、Rubisco限制下的最大羧化速率(V_{c max})、最大电子传递速率(J_max)、磷酸丙糖利用速率(V_TPU)、PSⅡ的潜在和实际量子效率(Φ_PSⅡ和F_v/F_m)以及光化学淬灭系数(q_P)下降,光补偿点(LCP)、暗呼吸速率(R_d)、CO₂补偿点(CCP)、气孔限制值(L_s)、瞬时水分利用效率(WUE_i)和非光化学淬灭系数(q_N)上升,气体交换参数随水势的变化速度快于叶绿素荧光参数,各处理间差异显著;在非气孔限制阶段(-45 kPa≤SWP≤-30 kPa),随着SWP下降,光饱和点(LSP)、R_d、CE、V_{c max}、V_TPU、L_s、WUE_i、Φ_PSII、F_v/F_m和q_P下降,CCP、C_i和q_N上升,叶绿素荧光参数随水势的变化速度快于气体交换参数,各处理间差异显著.设施黄瓜生产中,当土壤或基质的水势下降到-10 kPa时应及时灌溉,灌溉到水势上升为-5 kPa时停止;水势下降到-30 kPa之前的灌溉可有效恢复作物的气孔性限制,水势降到-30 kPa以下,干旱胁迫会对作物造成不可恢复的伤害.     

不同浓度Ni、Cu处理对骆驼蓬光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的影响水

以骆驼蓬幼苗为材料,采用盆栽试验研究不同浓度(0、50、100、200、400 mg·kg-1)Ni、Cu处理对骆驼蓬叶片光合作用、叶绿素荧光特性及生长状况的影响.结果表明:随着Ni浓度的增加,骆驼蓬幼苗叶片的光合色素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、PS Ⅱ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PS Ⅱ电子传递量子产率(φpsⅡ)、光化学猝灭系数(qp)及各项生长指标均呈显著下降趋势,而细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)和非光化学猝灭系数(qn)呈显著增加趋势,其中Pn的下降主要是由非气孔限制所致;骆驼蓬幼苗叶片的光合色素含量、Pn、Gs、Tr、Ci、Fv/Fm、φpsⅡ、qp及各项生长指标均在50 mg·kg-1Cu处理时达到峰值,叶绿素a和b、Pn、Gs、Tr、Ci、Fv/Fm及各项生长指标值在100 mg·kg-1Cu处理时仍微高于对照,而后随Cu浓度的增加,光合色素含量、Pn、Gs、Tr、Ci、Fv/Fm、φpsⅡ、qp及各项生长指标均呈下降趋势,qN呈增加趋势,其中Pn的下降主要是由气孔限制所致.     

硝酸根胁迫对黄瓜幼苗叶片光合速率、PSⅡ光化学效率及光能分配的影响

研究了不同浓度NO₃^-胁迫对黄瓜幼苗叶片光合速率、PSⅡ光化学效率及光能分配的影响.结果表明,当NO₃^-浓度较低时（14～98 mmol·L^-1）,适当增加NO₃^-浓度,可增强黄瓜幼苗叶片对光的捕获能力,促进光合作用.随着NO₃^-浓度的进一步增加（140～182 mmol·L^-1）,PSⅡ光化学效率降低,电子传递受到抑制,净光合速率降低;吸收的光能中,通过天线色素的热耗散增加,用于光化学反应的能量降低,光化学效率下降.140和182 mmol·L^-1 NO₃^-处理黄瓜幼苗叶片6 d后净光合速率(P_n)极显著下降,分别比对照降低了35%和78%;PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、天线转化效率(F_v’/F_m’)、实际光化学效率(Φ_PSⅡ)、光化学猝灭系数(q_P)均低于对照,非光化学猝灭(NPQ)高于对照,激发能在两个光系统间的分配不平衡性(β/α-1)增大.高浓度NO₃^-处理的黄瓜幼苗叶片各荧光参数变化幅度比低浓度大.当光照增强时,高浓度NO₃^-胁迫下黄瓜幼苗叶片吸收的光能中应用于光化学反应的份额(P) 显著降低,天线热耗散的份额(D)显著增加. 天线热耗散是耗散过剩能量的主要途径.     

NaCl胁迫增强杂交酸模(Rumex K-1)幼苗叶片光系统Ⅱ的耐热性

NaCl胁迫对杂交酸模幼苗光系统Ⅱ(PS Ⅱ)的最大光化学效率没有影响,但是增强了PS Ⅱ的耐热性.热胁迫条件下,与未经盐胁迫处理的叶片相比,经NaCl 200 mmol/L处理的杂交酸模幼苗叶片,其PS Ⅱ最大光化学效率下降较小,反映OEC受伤程度的指标Fk/Fj上升较小.此外,光化学猝灭系数(qP)、PS Ⅱ反应中心光能捕获效率(Fv1/Fm1)、PS Ⅱ光化学转换效率(ΦPS Ⅱ)的下降以及QB-非还原性反应PS Ⅱ反应中心的相对含量上升程度也较小.探讨了盐胁迫增强杂交酸模幼苗叶片PS Ⅱ耐热性的可能机理.     

Salinity treatment shows no effects on photosystem II photochemistry,but increases the resistance of photosystem II to heat stress in halophyte Suaeda salsa

Photosynthetic gas exchange, modulated chlorophyll fluorescence, rapid fluorescence induction kinetics, and the polyphasic fluorescence transients were used to evaluate PSII photochemistry in the halophyte Suaeda salsa exposed to a combination of high salinity (100-400 mM NaCl) and heat stress (35-47.5 degrees C, air temperature). CO(2) assimilation rate increased slightly with increasing salt concentration up to 300 mM NaCl and showed no decrease even at 400 mM NaCl. Salinity treatment showed neither effects on the maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry (F(v)/F(m)), the rapid fluorescence induction kinetics, and the polyphasic fluorescence transients in dark-adapted leaves, nor effects on the efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSII reaction centres (F(v)'/F(m)') and the actual PSII effciency (Phi(PSII)), photochemical quenching (q(P)), and non-photochemical quenching (q(N)) in light-adapted leaves. The results indicate that high salinity had no effects on PSII photochemistry either in a dark-adapted state or in a light-adapted state. With increasing temperature, CO(2) assimilation rate decreased significantly and no net CO(2) assimilation was observed at 47.5 degrees C. Salinity treatment had no effect on the response of CO(2) assimilation to high temperature when temperature was below 40 degrees C. At 45 degrees C, CO(2) assimilation rate in control plants decreased to zero, but the salt-adapted plants still maintained some CO(2) assimilation capacity. On the other hand, the responses of PSII photochemistry to heat stress was modified by salinity treatment. When temperature was above 35 degrees C, the declines in F(v)/F(m), Phi(PSII), F(v)'/F(m)', and q(P) were smaller in salt-adapted leaves compared to control leaves. This increased thermostability was independent of the degree of salinity, since no significant changes in the above-described fluorescence parameters were observed among the plants treated with different concentrations of NaCl. During heat stress, a very clear K step as a specific indicator of damage to the O(2)-evolving complex in the polyphasic fluorescence transients appeared in control plants, but did not get pronounced in salt-adapted plants. In addition, a greater increase in the ratio (F(i)-F(o))/(F(p)-F(o)) which is an expression of the proportion of the Q(B)-non-reducing PSII centres was observed in control plants rather than in salt-adapted plants. The results suggest that the increased thermostability of PSII seems to be associated with the increased resistance of the O(2)-evolving complex and the reaction centres of PSII to high temperature.     

Non-photochemical loss in PSII in high- and low-light-grown leaves of Vicia faba quantified by several fluorescence parameters including L(NP), F0/F'm, a novel parameter

Using the expression of fluorescence originated from the PSII open reaction center in the light by Oxborough and Baker (1997), we obtained a formula that expresses relationships between the quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry in the dark (Phi(m)= F(v)/F(m)) and in the light Phi'(m)=F'(v)/F'(m):Phi'(m)=Phi(m)+L(NP), where L(NP)(=F(0)/F'(m)) denotes the quantum yield of light induced non-photochemical losses (heat dissipation and fluorescence de-excitation) in PSII. Using L(NP) and other conventional fluorescence parameters, we conducted quenching analyses with leaves of broad bean plants (Vicia faba L.) grown at 700 (high light; HL) and 80 mumol photons m(-2) s(-1) (low light; LL). We also examined whether behavior of q(0) quenching (q(0)=1-F'(0)/F(0)) is related to the reaction center quenching. When the actinic light (AL) was strong, Stern-Volmer quenching [NPQ=(F(m)-F'(m))/F'(m)] and L(NP) increased rapidly and then decreased slowly in HL leaves, while, in LL leaves, they increased slowly. It is probable that rapid formation of a large proton gradient was responsible for sharp rises in both parameters in HL leaves. The steady-state 'excess' parameter [Phi(Ex)= (1 - qP) Phi(m)/(Phi(m)+ L(NP))], fraction of energy migrating to closed PSII centers, increased with the photon flux density of AL in LL leaves. In contrast, in HL leaves, Phi(Ex) did not increase markedly. The examination of the relationship between Phi(Ex) and L(NP) obtained at various AL revealed that in LL leaves the increase in (1 - qP) with the increase in AL prevailed, while, in HL leaves, the increase in L(NP) suppressed the increase in (1 - qP). Using the difference between L(NP) and L(D) (Phi(ND)= L(NP)- L(D), where L(D)= F(0)/F(m)), q(0) and qN (=1-F'(v)/F(v)) were calculated without using measured F'(0). The relationships between q(0) and qN thus obtained for various AL levels were almost identical for both HL and LL leaves, implying no difference in the fluorescence origin between the HL and LL leaves. Usefulness of these equations expressing non-photochemical loss is discussed.     

Effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid on the photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of muskmelon seedlings under hypoxia stress

By the method of hydroponic culture, this paper studied the effects of exogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the photosynthetic pigment contents, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of muskmelon seedlings under hypoxia stress. Hypoxia stress induced a significant decrease of photosynthetic pigment contents, resulting in the decrease of photosynthesis. Applying GABA could significantly increase the photosynthetic pigment contents, net photosynthetic rate (P(n)), stomatal conductance (G(s)), intercellular CO2 concentration (C(i)), carboxylation efficiency (CE), maximal photochemical efficiency of PS II (F(v)/F(m)), photochemical quenching (q(P)), apparent photosynthetic electron transfer rate (ETR), and quantum yield of PS II electron transport (phi(PS II)), and decrease the stomatal limitation value (L(s)), minimal fluorescence (F(o)), and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) under both hypoxic and normal conditions. The alleviation effect of GABA on photosynthetic characteristics was more obvious under hypoxia stress. However, simultaneously applying GABA and VGB could significantly decrease the alleviation effect of GABA under hypoxia stress.     

Role of light in the response of PSII photochemistry to salt stress in the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis

The role of light in the effect of salt stress on PSII photochemistry in the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis grown at 50 micromol m(-2) s(-1) was investigated. The time-course of changes in PSII photochemistry in response to high salinity (0.8 M NaCl) incubated in the dark and at 30, 50 and 100 micromol m(-2) s(-1) was composed of two phases. The first phase, which was independent of light, was characterized by a rapid decrease (20-50%) in the maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry (F:(v)/F:(m)), the efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSII reaction centres (F(1)(v)/F(1)(m)), photochemical quenching (q(P)), and the quantum yield of PSII electron transport (Phi(PSII)) in the first 15 min, followed by a recovery of up to about 86-92% of their initial levels after 4 h of incubation. The second phase took place after 4 h, in which a further decline in the above parameters occurred only in the light but not in the dark, reaching levels as low as 32-56% of their initial levels after 12 h. Moreover, the higher incubation light intensity, the greater the decrease in the above parameters. At the same time, Q(B)-non-reducing PSII reaction centres increased significantly in the first 15 min and then recovered to the initial level during the first phase, but increased again in the light in the second phase. Photosynthetic oxygen evolution activity decreased sharply by 70% in the first 5 min, and then kept largely constant until 12 h. The changes in oxygen evolution activity were independent of light intensity during both phases.     

塔里木河下游地下水位对柽柳叶绿素荧光特性的影响

选取塔里木河下游3处地下水埋深6m的监测井位作为研究点,结合典型生态监测断面的地下水位监测数据,分析不同地下水埋深处柽柳的叶绿素荧光特性和光系统的光合活性.结果表明:随着地下水埋深加大和干旱胁迫加剧,柽柳叶片的实际光化学效率、电子传输速率和光化学猝灭等参数普遍下降;非光化学猝灭和调节性能量耗散量子产量等参数显著升高,而最大光量子产量总体处于相对适宜状态.干旱胁迫下柽柳的PSII光合活性随地下水埋深增大而下降,捕获光能的过剩程度加剧,发生光抑制的几率增大,其自身良好的抗旱性和自我调节机制,使光系统II尚未发生显著光损伤.     

黄土高原植被不同演替阶段优势种的光合生理特性

在黄土高原子午岭林区,按照植被的演咎序列,分别选择植被次生演替不同阶段的优势种-白羊草、铁杆蒿、沙棘、狼牙刺、山杨和辽东栎,对其土壤与叶片氮素含量、叶片气体交换参数、叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光参数进行了观测．结果表明：随着植被演替,0—20cm土壤全氮含量呈增大趋势,植被优势种叶片氮含量先升高后降低,叶绿素含量变化与优势种叶片氮含量相似．灌木群落优势种（沙棘、狼牙刺）叶片氮含量明显高于其它群落优势种（P〈0．05）,草本群落优势种（白羊草、铁杆蒿）和灌木群落优势种的光合速率（Pn）高于早期森林群落优势种（山杨）和顶级群落优势种（辽东栎）,叶片气孔导度（ga）与Pn变化规律相似．草本群落和灌木群落优势种叶片蒸腾速率（Tr）较高,随着演替的进行t逐步下降,顶级群落优势种辽东栎Tr较低．PSⅡ最大光化学量子效率（Fv／Fm）值呈缓慢增长趋势,辽东栎〉山杨〉沙棘〉狼牙刺〉铁杆蒿〉白羊草,而PSⅡ量子效率（ΦPSⅡ）值呈先增加后降低趋势;光化学淬灭系数（qp）在演替过程中呈整体增加趋势,而非光化学淬灭系数（qNP）呈先增加后降低趋势．这说明植被不同演替阶段优势种的光合生理特征以及对微生境的适应性存在明显差异．     

低温下壳聚糖处理对黄瓜幼苗生理生化特性的影响

50 mg/L的壳聚糖处理减轻了低温对黄瓜幼苗膜的伤害,低温(6℃)处理4 d后,幼苗膜透性和MDA含量明显低于对照,并且显著减缓了低温导致的光合速率、实际光化学效率(ФPS Ⅱ)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)和1光系数(F’v /Em’)的下降;同时,处理使抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性提高,可溶性蛋白和脯胺酸含量增加.因此,壳聚糖处理增强了黄瓜幼苗的抗冷性,保护了膜系统,提高了活性氧清除能力,减轻了低温对光合机构的破坏.