股骨颈骨折闭合复位、三枚双头空心加压螺钉内固定术

为探讨股骨颈骨折闭合复位、三枚双头空心加压螺钉内固定术的疗效,39例股骨颈骨折按Garden分型:Ⅱ型6例、Ⅲ型24例、Ⅳ型9例,全部采用闭合复位、三枚双头加压空心螺钉内固定.平均随访时间25(6～42)个月,骨折不连接及股骨头缺血坏死占10.3%,功能恢复优良率89.7%.股骨颈骨折闭合复位内固定的关键是维持良好对位状态下的有效固定,三枚双头加压螺钉固定方法能有效地防止骨折端间的旋转、分离、剪切错位,有利于骨折愈合,并且操作简便,创伤小,是一种较为理想的固定方法.     

不同时间段空心加压螺钉内固定治疗老年移位型股骨颈骨折疗效分析

目的 比较急诊与延期行空心加压螺钉内固定术治疗老年移位型股骨颈骨折的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析2000年12月～2010年12月我院采用空心加压螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的患者99例,分成急诊组52例,延期组47例,比较术后的骨折复位质量、骨折愈合情况,术后1年、2年股骨头缺血坏死、塌陷发生率以及髋关节功能情况及全身并发症等治疗效果的差异性。结果 骨折愈合率、股骨头坏死率、髋关节功能优良率、急诊组股骨头坏死率较延迟组高,两组间均有显著性差异（P<0.05）。结论 对于老年移位型股骨颈骨折患者,采用闭合复位空心加压螺钉内固定治疗,急诊手术疗效优于延期手术。     

手术治疗股骨距碎裂的股骨颈骨折

目的探讨股骨距碎裂的股骨颈骨折的手术方法及疗效。方法手术治疗14例股骨距碎裂的股骨颈骨折患者,5例骨折无明显移位者行闭合复位折断式加压螺钉内固定;5例移位明显者术中将其切开复位后行股方肌骨瓣移植加空心加压螺纹钉内固定;4例行骨水泥型人工关节置换,其中2例去除股骨距骨块。结果14例获9个月~3年随访。前两种术式中9例股骨距骨折块达骨性愈合,闭合复位组中1例变成死骨;股骨颈骨折均愈合;发生股骨头坏死1例。行骨水泥型人工关节置换的4例中2例保留的股骨距骨块愈合,1例出现假体松动。结论合并股骨距碎裂的股骨颈骨折年龄较轻者应选择骨折复位内固定,老年患者则可选择人工关节置换,尽量保留股骨距的骨块。     

多根加压螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折疗效观察

目的观察多根加压螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效.方法1996年2月～1998年8月对38例股骨颈骨折患者行闭合复位、多根加压螺钉内固定.术后随访38～68个月,平均47个月.结果骨折愈合率为97.4%,1例骨不连患者行二次手术切开复位、带肌蒂骨瓣植骨,股骨头缺血坏死率为5.2%.结论闭合复位、多根加压螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折为一简单、有效的治疗方法.     

移植带股方肌蒂骨瓣联合空心加压螺钉内固定治疗青少年股骨颈骨折

[目的]评价移植带股方肌蒂骨瓣联合空心加压螺钉内固定治疗青少年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效.[方法]自2005年7月～2010年3月采用Moore切口切开复位、2～3枚空心加压螺钉内固定以及移植带股方肌蒂骨瓣治疗本院收治的19例青少年股骨颈骨折患者(年龄13 ～ 27岁,平均19.7岁).[结果]19例患者均获随访,随访1～4年(平均27.6个月),最后随访本组仅1例(Garden Ⅳ型)出现股骨头坏死,其余患者均骨性愈合.按Harris髋关节功能评分:优13例,良4例,可1例,差1例,优良率达89.5％.[结论]移植带股方肌蒂骨瓣结合空心加压螺钉内固定术治疗青少年股骨颈新鲜骨折血供好,手术时间短,创伤小,有效防止骨不连、股骨头缺血性坏死发生率,值得在临床上推广应用.     

微创空心钉内固定加带血管蒂髂骨瓣植骨术治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

目的讨论微创切开复位空心加压螺钉内固定加带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣植骨术治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的手术方法及临床疗效。方法对12例青壮年股骨颈骨折采用部分髂腹股沟入路切口联合部分髋关节前侧髂股骨入路,微创切开复位空心加压螺钉内固定加带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣植骨术治疗。结果12例骨折愈合时间3～8个月,无骨折不愈合及股骨头缺血坏死发生,髋关节功能良好。结论微创切开复位空心加压螺钉内固定加带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣植骨术是治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折非常有效的方法。     

空心加压螺钉治疗股骨颈骨折疗效分析

目的：探讨空心加压螺钉内固定术治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效及术后致股骨头缺血性坏死的相关影响因素。方法：对2003年1月至2009年6月应用空心加压螺钉治疗的96例股骨颈骨折进行回顾性分析,男44例,女52例;年龄21～88岁,平均56.3岁。将患者年龄、性别、骨折类型、骨折复位情况、外伤至手术复位时间与术后骨折不愈合及股骨头缺血性坏死之间的关系进行统计学分析。结果：84例获得随访,时间9～60个月,平均25.4个月。术后出现下肢深静脉血栓2例,骨折不愈合8例,股骨头缺血性坏死11例。术后Harris评分为（86.20±11.00）分,优40例,良32例,可7例,差5例。未移位骨折组和移位骨折组股骨头坏死发生率分别为3.22%和18.87%,两者差异有统计学意义（P=0.037）;解剖复位组和非解剖复位组的股骨头坏死发生率分别为5.00%和20.45%,两者差异有统计学意义（P=0.036）;而不同年龄、性别、手术时间对继发股骨头坏死无明显差异。结论：空心加压螺钉内固定术治疗无移位股骨颈骨折疗效良好,骨折类型及骨折复位情况是影响术后股骨头缺血性坏死的主要因素。对年轻移位的股骨颈骨折患者,应尽可能解剖复位、牢靠内固定,以减少术后股骨头缺血性坏死的发生;对于骨折移位严重的高龄患者,建议行人工关节置换术。     

闭合复位、空心加压螺钉治疗新鲜股骨颈骨折疗效分析

目的　将使用闭合复位、空心加压螺钉治疗新鲜股骨颈骨折的 15 5例病人资料采用回顾性方法进行研究 ,从中分析本治疗方法的骨折愈合率和股骨头坏死等方面的情况。方法　对骨折类型、伤后何时手术、年龄、性别、下地时间、空心钉种类和数量、取钉后情况各方面因素与骨折不愈合、股骨头缺血性坏死发生率关系列表分析。结果　平均随访 3年 4个月。本组 15 5例骨折病人愈合率 93 5 %。股骨头缺血性坏死发生率为 7 4 %。该方法的总体治愈率为 87 1%。结论　闭合复位、空心加压螺钉治疗新鲜股骨颈骨折疗效可靠 ,有较高的骨折愈合率 ,是可以提倡的治疗方法。高龄病人 (6 0岁以上 )身体条件好 ,首先可考虑Ⅰ期行内固定治疗。严重骨折类型会影响预后。对新鲜股骨颈骨折的治疗原则是早期手术、良好复位、有效固定。控制好老年内科并发症 ,会使总体治愈率再一步提高     

经皮空心螺钉固定治疗距骨颈骨折18例分析

目的分析经皮空心螺钉固定治疗距骨颈骨折的效果及对功能恢复的影响。方法对18例距骨颈骨折患者采用闭合复位或有限切开复位经皮空心螺钉固定手术治疗。结果 18例均获随访,随访时间9～15个月。骨折愈合情况分别为:HawkinⅠ型、Ⅱ型共11例均愈合,Ⅲ型愈合3例,Ⅳ型愈合1例。结论闭合复位或有限切开复位经皮空心螺钉固定手术治疗距骨颈骨折,疗效满意。     

闭合复位加压空心螺钉内固定治疗中青年股骨颈骨折的疗效观察

目的 :探讨闭合复位加压空心螺钉内固定在中青年股骨颈骨折治疗的临床疗效。方法 :自2013年6月至2016年12月采用闭合复位加压空心螺钉内固定治疗33例中青年股骨颈骨折,其中男17例,女16例,年龄19~59岁,平均38.5岁;左侧20例,右侧13例;受伤至手术时间为2~5 d,平均3 d。按照Garden分型:Ⅰ型1例,Ⅱ型11例,Ⅲ型18例,Ⅳ型3例。术后定期随访,复查髋关节X线片,了解骨愈合和股骨头坏死情况,末次随访采用髋关节Harris功能评分进行疗效评价。结果:手术时间30~50 min,术中出血量20~70 ml。33例患者均获得随访,时间8~42个月,平均24个月。末次随访髋关节Harris功能评分:优18例,良10例,中2例,差3例,其中疼痛(40.61±5.08)分,功能(38.94±6.78)分,畸形(3.88±0.69)分,运动范围(3.70±0.64)分,总分(87.12±11.98)分。30例达到骨性愈合,愈合时间4~12个月,平均7.5个月,2例患者出现骨折不愈合(均为GardenⅣ型),1例患者发生股骨头坏死(GardenⅣ型),所有患者未出现术后感染、内固定松动、再骨折等并发症。结论:闭合复位加压空心螺钉内固定治疗中青年股骨颈骨折具有方法简单、创伤小、固定牢靠等优势,骨折愈合率高,股骨头坏死风险低,临床疗效满意。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.