大气O_3污染对石家庄市呼吸系统疾病急救人次的急性影响

目的探讨石家庄市大气O_3-8 h浓度与该市居民呼吸系统疾病急救人次的关系。方法收集该城市2013年1月1日—2014年12月31日的O_3-8 h浓度、日均气温和相对湿度、以及每日呼吸系统疾病急救人数,采用广义相加时间序列模型,控制每日非意外总就诊量的长期趋势、气象因素、"星期几效应"和节假日效应等混杂因素后,分析大气O_3浓度与每日呼吸系统疾病急救人次的关系。结果大气中O_3浓度每升高10μg/m~3(lag1),该市居民因呼吸系统疾病呼叫急救的人数增加1.20%(95%CI:0.36%~2.04%)。季节分层分析结果表明,该市居民呼吸系统疾病急救的风险存在显著的季节差异(P<0.05)。结论大气O_3污染,尤其是夏季污染可能增加居民因呼吸系统疾病的风险。     

大气O_3污染对石家庄市呼吸系统疾病急救人次的急性影响

目的探讨石家庄市大气O_3-8 h浓度与该市居民呼吸系统疾病急救人次的关系。方法收集该城市2013年1月1日—2014年12月31日的O_3-8 h浓度、日均气温和相对湿度、以及每日呼吸系统疾病急救人数,采用广义相加时间序列模型,控制每日非意外总就诊量的长期趋势、气象因素、"星期几效应"和节假日效应等混杂因素后,分析大气O_3浓度与每日呼吸系统疾病急救人次的关系。结果大气中O_3浓度每升高10μg/m~3(lag1),该市居民因呼吸系统疾病呼叫急救的人数增加1.20%(95%CI:0.36%~2.04%)。季节分层分析结果表明,该市居民呼吸系统疾病急救的风险存在显著的季节差异(P0.05)。结论大气O_3污染,尤其是夏季污染可能增加居民因呼吸系统疾病的风险。     

成都市大气颗粒物对居民心脑血管疾病死亡的急性影响研究

目的 探讨成都市大气颗粒物的急性暴露与居民每日心脑血管疾病死亡的关系。方法 收集2013-2015年成都市大气PM2.5、PM10、SO2和NO2的日平均浓度、气象因素(包括日平均气温和相对湿度)及心脑血管疾病日死亡数。采用广义相加模型(Generalized Additive Models,GAM)建立单污染物、多污染物模型,分析大气PM2.5、PM10浓度对居民心脑血管疾病日死亡数的影响。结果 大气污染物PM2.5、PM10浓度分别为75.9、119.7μg/m3,PM2.5高于GB3095-2012《环境空气质量标准》 二级标准。单污染物模型中,大气PM2.5(lag1)和PM10(lag01)浓度每增加10μg/m3,心脑血管疾病日死亡数分别增加0.29%(95%CI:0.01%~0.56%)和0.27%(95%CI:0.09%~0.45%)。PM2.5和PM10浓度与心脑血管疾病死亡的暴露反应关系基本呈线性。多污染物模型中,PM2.5和PM10单独或同时引入SO2、NO2时,对心脑血管疾病日死亡数的影响消失(P>0.05)。结论 成都市大气PM2.5和PM10浓度升高可能导致居民心脑血管疾病日死亡数增加。     

宜昌市大气颗粒物对急救人次急性影响

目的探讨湖北省宜昌市大气颗粒物对急救人次的急性影响。方法收集2014年1月—2017年12月宜昌市的日急救人次、细颗粒物(PM_2.5)和可吸入颗粒物(PM₁₀)日均浓度以及气象条件等资料,采用广义相加模型分别分析PM_2.5、PM₁₀与非创伤急诊人次数、呼吸系统和循环系统急诊人次数的暴露–反应关系。结果宜昌市2014—2017年PM_2.5和PM₁₀日均浓度平均为(72.2±50.7)和(107.6±60.9)μg/m³,非创伤急救人次数、呼吸系统急救人次数和循环系统急救人次数的日平均值分别为(33.3±8.6)、(2.6±2.2)和(5.1±3.4)人次;相关分析结果显示,非创伤急救人次数、呼吸系统急救人次数和循环系统急救人次数与PM_2.5和PM₁₀暴露均呈正相关(均P <0.05);当PM_2.5日均浓度每升高10μg/m³,当天日均非创伤急救...     

2019—2021年浙江省嘉兴市大气颗粒物与呼吸系统疾病门诊量关系的时间序列分析

【目的】探讨浙江省嘉兴市大气颗粒物(PM)与呼吸系统疾病门诊量的关系。【方法】收集嘉兴市2019—2021年逐日大气污染物、气象和呼吸系统疾病门诊量资料。采用广义相加模型(GAM),控制长期趋势、星期几效应、节假日效应和气象因素等混杂因素,分析PM含量与呼吸系统疾病门诊量的关系及滞后效应。【结果】PM_2.5、PM₁₀、臭氧(O₃)和二氧化氮(NO₂)存在日均浓度超标情况,超标天数占比分别为3.4%、1.3%、11.0%和0.8%。PM_2.5每增加10μg·m^-3,呼吸系统疾病门诊总量、成人和儿童呼吸系统疾病门诊量效应值均在lag07时达到最大,超额风险ER(95%CI)分别为2.29%(1.35%～3.24%)、2.31%(1.39%～3.23%)和2.65%(1.36%～3.96%);PM₁₀每升高10μg·m^-3,呼吸系统疾病门诊总量、成人和儿童门诊量效应值分别在lag07、lag06、lag07时达到最大,...     

成都市空气PM2.5浓度与呼吸系统疾病门诊人次的时间序列研究

目的 研究成都市空气PM2.5浓度与呼吸系统疾病门诊人次的关系。方法 收集成都市3家综合性医院2013年逐日呼吸系统疾病门诊人次数、空气污染物及相关气象指标。采用Poisson广义相加模型(Generalized Additive Model,GAM),分析PM2.5浓度与呼吸系统疾病门诊量的关系及滞后效应。结果 2013年,成都市PM2.5年均浓度为96.9μg/m3;Spearman等级相关分析显示,呼吸系统疾病门诊人次与多种污染物(SO2、NO2、CO、PM2.5、PM10)浓度呈正相关(P<0.05)。通过GAM分析,调整气象指标、星期几效应、节假日效应等因素后,PM2.5日均浓度每增加10μg/m3,预计呼吸系统疾病门诊人次增长0.58%(95%CI:0.32%~0.84%)。结论 成都市空气PM2.5浓度增高可能会导致呼吸系统疾病门诊量增加,应进一步加强监测,减少污染物排放以保护居民健康。     

广州市大气PM2.5对居民日急救量影响的短期效应

目的探讨广州市大气细颗粒物(PM_2.5)对居民日急救量的短期影响,为采取有效的干预措施提供数据支持。方法收集2019年广州市居民日急救量数据、大气污染物数据和气象数据,采用广义相加模型(Generalized Additive Model,GAM)分析PM_2.5与居民日急救量、呼吸系统日急救量和循环系统日急救量的关系。结果 5种大气污染物除O3外,其余均符合GB 3095—2012 《环境空气质量标准》污染物浓度限值一级标准。相关性分析显示:PM_2.5与日总急救量(r=0.11,P<0.05)、呼吸系统日急救量(r=0.12,P<0.05)和循环系统日急救量(r=0.26,P<0.05)呈正相关,组间比较差异均有统计学意义。模型拟合结果显示:PM_2.5于滞后2 d (lag2)对日急救量和呼吸系统日急救量的影响更明显。与温暖季节相比,寒冷季节效果更明显。结论广州市大气PM_2.5浓度升高可导致居民日急救量和呼吸系统日急救量增加,尤其在寒冷季节,应采取针对性措施保...     

652个城市的大气颗粒物污染与每日死亡率的关系

近年来关于空气颗粒物污染对健康危害的研究越来越多,但由于不同的建模方法及潜在的发表偏倚,使得研究结果的系统评估难度较大。本研究收集了24个国家和地区的652个城市的居民每日死亡数据和空气污染数据,使用具有随机效应荟萃分析的超分散广义相加模型对PM10和PM2.5与总死亡率、心血管疾病死亡率和呼吸道疾病死亡率的关系进行评估,并拟合出具有全球代表性的颗粒物暴露反应关系曲线。     

北京市延庆区大气污染物对呼吸系统疾病门急诊量的影响

  目的  探讨北京市延庆区大气污染对人群呼吸系统疾病门急诊量影响。  方法  收集2014-2017年北京市延庆区二级医疗机构的呼吸系统疾病每日门急诊量数据和同期气象数据资料以及大气污染数据资料,运用时间序列的广义相加模型,在控制混杂因素的基础上,分析大气污染物浓度与呼吸系统门急诊量的关系以及滞后效应。  结果  研究表明,大气中空气动力学直径当量直径≤ 2.5 μm的颗粒物（particulate matter 2.5,PM_2.5）每增加10 μg/m3,呼吸系统门急诊量增加0.11%（RR=0.11,95%CI:0.09~0.14,P=0.001）;大气中空气动力学直径当量直径≤ 10 μm的颗粒物（particulate matter 10,PM₁₀）每增加10 μg/m3,呼吸系统门急诊量增加0.17%（RR=0.17,95%CI:0.15~0.19,P=0.001;二氧化氮（nitrogen dioxide,NO₂）每增加10 μg/m3,呼吸系统门急诊量增加0.44%（RR=0.44,95%CI:0.37~0.50,P=0.001）;一氧化碳（carbon monoxide,CO）每增加10 μg/m3,呼吸系统门急诊量增加3.34%（RR=3.34,95%CI:1.57~5.15,P=0.001）,且最强效应期均在第0 d。二氧化硫（sulfur ioxide,SO₂）每增加10 μg/m3呼吸系统门急诊量增加-1.69%（RR=-1.69,95%CI:-1.80~-1.57,P=0.001）,且在第1 d达到最强效应值。臭氧（ozone,O₃）每增加10 μg/m3呼吸系统门急诊量增加-0.12%（RR=0.12,95%CI:-0.15~-0.10,P=0.001）,且在第5 d达到最强效应值。双污染物模型分析中,CO在SO₂的影响下,对呼吸系统疾病门急诊人数影响尤为明显。  结论  本研究结果提示延庆区PM_2.5、PM₁₀、NO₂、CO浓度的增加均会导致呼吸系统门急诊量的增加,且不同污染物之间存在相互作用。     

2014-2019年贵阳市空气污染物与急救人次的时间序列分析

目的 探讨贵阳市空气污染物短期暴露对医院急救人次量的影响.方法 收集贵阳市2014-2019年逐日空气污染物包括细颗粒物、可吸入颗粒物、二氧化硫、二氧化氮、一氧化碳、臭氧等平均浓度,日均气温、相对湿度和每日急救人次数据,采用时间序列分析方法的广义相加模型,建立单污染物模型及多污染物模型,以滞后天数最大效应值作为空气污染...     

Coarse particulate matter and emergency ambulance dispatches in Fukuoka,Japan: a time-stratified case-crossover study

Objectives

There is no conclusive evidence of adverse health effects caused by short-term exposure to coarse particulate matter, so in this case-crossover study we looked for an association between exposure and emergency ambulance dispatches (as a proxy of acute health outcomes).

Methods

We used data on emergency ambulance dispatches in Fukuoka City, Japan between 2005 and 2010. After excluding ambulance dispatches related to external injuries and pregnancy/childbirth, we analyzed data on 176,123 dispatches. Citywide daily mean concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) were calculated from ambient monitoring data, and the differences between concentrations of SPM and PM_2.5 were used as an exposure surrogate of coarse particulate matter. Using a conditional logistic regression model, we estimated the ambient temperature and relative humidity adjusted odds ratios (ORs) per 10 μg/m³ increase in coarse particulate matter.

Results

The average daily concentration of coarse particulate matter over the study period was 9.9 μg/m³, representing 33 % of the total concentration of SPM. Elevated concentrations of coarse particulate matter were associated with an increase in respiratory disease-related emergency ambulance dispatches for adults aged 65 years or older (9,716 dispatches, OR for lag0–1 = 1.065, 95 % confidence interval = 1.023–1.109). After additional adjustment for exposure to PM_2.5, we observed a statistically non-significant increased risk (OR = 1.035, 0.986–1.086).

Conclusions

We found weak evidence of adverse effects of short-term exposure to coarse particulate matter on human health.     

2017年成都市PM2.5浓度与循环系统疾病急救人次的关系

目的 研究2017年成都市空气污染物PM2.5对循环系统急救人次的急性影响。方法 收集成都市2017年1月1日-12月31日 PM2.5每日24小时浓度均值、每日循环系统疾病急救人次数、每日平均气温和平均相对湿度,采用广义相加时间序列模型,分析空气污染物PM2.5浓度与循环系统疾病急救人次的关系。结果 最强效应期为累积滞后0~2日,大气中PM2.5 浓度每升高10μg/m³,居民因循环系统疾病急救风险增加0.99%(95%CI:0.46%~1.52%),PM2.5 浓度与居民因循环系统疾病急救风险的暴露反应关系曲线呈上升趋势,随着PM2.5 浓度升高,上升加速度趋于平缓。结论 空气PM2.5污染,可能增加居民因循环系统疾病急救的风险。     

上海市松江区老龄人口结构与死因分析

目的探究大气污染物PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂与呼吸系统疾病死亡的关联性。方法汇总上海市松江区2011—2012年大气污染数据,并收集户籍人口呼吸系统死亡的全部病例,采用时间分层-病例交叉设计方法分析两者间关系,并对不同年龄别、性别人群的超额死亡风险进行分析。结果SO₂、NO₂与呼吸系统疾病死亡相关,当NO₂浓度每增加10 μg/m³时,在lag0时间点上导致呼吸系统死亡发生率明显提高[OR=1.061(1.000, 1.126)];与女性相比,NO₂明显增加了男性呼吸系统疾病死亡风险[OR=1.109(1.031, 1.194)]。结论大气污染可增加人群呼吸系统疾病死亡的风险,对男性尤甚。     

Individual-level modifiers of the effects of particulate matter on daily mortality

Consistent evidence has shown a positive association between particulate matter with an aerodiameter of less than or equal to 10 mum (PM(10)) and daily mortality. Less is known about the modification of this association by factors measured at the individual level. The authors examined this question in a case-crossover study of 20 US cities. Mortality events (1.9 million) were obtained for nonaccidental, respiratory, heart disease, and stroke mortality between 1989 and 2000. PM(10) concentrations were obtained from the US Environmental Protection Agency. The authors examined the modification of the PM(10)-mortality association by sociodemographics, location of death, season, and secondary diagnoses. They found different patterns of PM(10)-mortality associations by gender and age but no differences by race. The level of education was inversely related to the risk of mortality associated with PM(10). PM(10)-related, out-of-hospital deaths were more likely than were in-hospital deaths, as were those occurring during spring/fall versus summer/winter. A secondary diagnosis of diabetes modified the effect of PM(10) for respiratory and stroke mortality. Pneumonia was a positive effect modifier for deaths from all causes and stroke, while secondary stroke modified the effects for all-cause and respiratory deaths. The findings suggest that more attention must be paid to population characteristics to identify greater likelihood of exposures and susceptibility and, as a result, to improve policy making for air pollution standards.     

Short-term effects of ambient gaseous pollutants and particulate matter on daily mortality in Shanghai, China

Identification of the specific pollutants contributing most to the health hazard of the air pollution mixture may have important implications for environmental and social policies. In the current study, we conducted a time-series analysis to examine the specific effects of major air pollutants [particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter (PM(10)), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), and nitrogen dioxides (NO(2))] on daily mortality in Shanghai, China, using both single-pollutant and multiple-pollutant models. In the single-pollutant models, PM(10), SO(2), and NO(2) were found to be associated with mortality from both all non-accidental causes and from cardiopulmonary diseases. Unlike some prior studies in North America, we found a significant effect of gaseous pollutants (SO(2) and NO(2)) on daily mortality even after adjustment for PM(10) in the multiple-pollutant models. Our findings, combined with previous Chinese studies showing a consistent, significant effect of gaseous pollutants on mortality, suggest that the role of outdoor exposure to SO(2) and NO(2) should be investigated further in China.     

大气细颗粒物对妊娠期血压的急性效应研究

目的 研究大气细颗粒物对妊娠期血压的影响,为进一步探讨妊娠高血压疾病的发病机制提供依据.方法 利用上海市孕产期保健队列研究数据及大气细颗粒物监测数据,采用广义相加混合效应模型等方法分析大气细颗粒物对妊娠期血压的急性和滞后效应.结果 研究于2010年共纳入7 402例孕晚期妇女,结果表明在仅考虑气温、湿度、季节和长期趋势及周末效应的情况下,PM1每增加一个四分位数间距(滞后0天、1天、3天和5天),妊娠期妇女收缩压可分别增加0.509mmHg (95％ CI:0.045 ～0.974)、0.504mmHg(95％ CI:0.047～0.961)、0.456mmHg (95％ CI:0.011 ～0.901)、0.466mmHg(95％ CI:0.028 ～0.904),差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);调整气象条件、周末效应、季节因素、产妇年龄、孕产史、高血压家族史、孕前BMI的情况下,妊娠期妇女收缩压可分别增加0.503mmHg(95％CI:0.066 ～0.940)、0.486mmHg(95％CI:0.055 ～0.916)、0.443mmHg(95％ CI:0.022 ～0.865)、0.480mmHg (95％ CI:0.064 ～0.895),差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05),但PM2.5浓度对妊娠期收缩压的影响差异无统计学意义(均P＞ 0.05).在仅考虑气温、湿度、季节、长期趋势及周末效应的情况下,PMI每增加一个四分位数间距,滞后3天妊娠期妇女舒张压可增加0.402mmHg(95％CI:0.027 ～0.777),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),然而在调整上述因素后,PM2.5水平变化对妊娠期舒张压的影响无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 PM1是妊娠期血压增高的独立危险因素,是较有价值的附加空气质量指标,孕期妇女应根据雾霾预警进行及时有效的防护.     

Short-term effects of particulate air pollution on cardiovascular diseases in eight European cities

STUDY OBJECTIVE: As part of the APHEA project this study examined the association between airborne particles and hospital admissions for cardiac causes (ICD9 390-429) in eight European cities (Barcelona, Birmingham, London, Milan, the Netherlands, Paris, Rome, and Stockholm). All admissions were studied, as well as admissions stratified by age. The association for ischaemic heart disease (ICD9 410-413) and stroke (ICD9 430-438) was also studied, also stratified by age. DESIGN: Autoregressive Poisson models were used that controlled for long term trend, season, influenza epidemics, and meteorology to assess the short-term effects of particles in each city. The study also examined confounding by other pollutants. City specific results were pooled in a second stage regression to obtain more stable estimates and examine the sources of heterogeneity. MAIN RESULTS: The pooled percentage increases associated with a 10 micro g/m(3) increase in PM(10) and black smoke were respectively 0.5% (95% CI: 0.2 to 0.8) and 1.1% (95% CI: 0.4 to 1.8) for cardiac admissions of all ages, 0.7% (95% CI: 0.4 to 1.0) and 1.3% (95% CI: 0.4 to 2.2) for cardiac admissions over 65 years, and, 0.8% (95% CI: 0.3 to 1.2) and 1.1% (95% CI: 0.7 to 1.5) for ischaemic heart disease over 65 years. The effect of PM(10) was little changed by control for ozone or SO(2), but was substantially reduced (CO) or eliminated (NO(2)) by control for other traffic related pollutants. The effect of black smoke remained practically unchanged controlling for CO and only somewhat reduced controlling for NO(2). CONCLUSIONS: These effects of particulate air pollution on cardiac admissions suggest the primary effect is likely to be mainly attributable to diesel exhaust. Results for ischaemic heart disease below 65 years and for stroke over 65 years were inconclusive.     

Short-term effects of particulate matter exposure on daily mortality in Thailand: a case-crossover study

Several studies have shown seasonal variations between particulate matter (PM) exposure and daily mortality. However, few studies have focused on age differences on the risk of mortality from PM₁₀, in addition to seasonal effects. Therefore, we attempted to estimate the association between PM₁₀ and daily mortality in Thailand, while accounting for seasonal variations and age differences. A time-stratified case-crossover design was used in this study. Environmental, meteorological, and mortality data of 12 provinces in Thailand between 2011 and 2014 were analyzed to estimate the association between PM₁₀ and daily mortality attributed to non-accidental, cardiovascular, respiratory causes and age differences. The conditional logistic regression was employed to determine whether the risk of mortality differed by seasons and age groups. We found an association between cumulative exposure to PM₁₀ and increased risk of mortality attributed to non-accidental causes, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory diseases. During the study period, cold months (November to February) [1.75% (95% CI 1.20, 2.31)] had a stronger effect of increased 10 μg/m³ in PM₁₀ with 1 ppb in O₃ on non-accidental mortality than hot (March to June) [0.67% (95% CI 0.15, 1.20)] and wet (July to October) [??1.00% (95% CI ??1.99, ??0.01)] months. However, increasing of age did not modify any associations between PM₁₀ and mortality. An association between PM₁₀ exposure and daily mortality was observed. Age difference was not significantly associated with the risk of mortality.     

Acute effects of fine particulate air pollution on cardiac arrhythmia: the APACR study

Background: The mechanisms underlying the relationship between particulate matter (PM) air pollution and cardiac disease are not fully understood.Objectives: We examined the effects and time course of exposure to fine PM [aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM_2.5)] on cardiac arrhythmia in 105 middle-age community-dwelling healthy nonsmokers in central Pennsylvania.Methods: The 24-hr beat-to-beat electrocardiography data were obtained using a high-resolution Holter system. After visually identifying and removing artifacts, we summarized the total number of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) and premature atrial contractions (PACs) for each 30-min segment. A personal PM_2.5 nephelometer was used to measure individual-level real-time PM_2.5 exposures for 24 hr. We averaged these data to obtain 30-min average time–specific PM_2.5 exposures. Distributed lag models under the framework of negative binomial regression and generalized estimating equations were used to estimate the rate ratio between 10-μg/m³ increases in average PM_2.5 over 30-min intervals and ectopy counts.Results: The mean ± SD age of participants was 56 ± 8 years, with 40% male and 73% non-Hispanic white. The 30-min mean ± SD for PM_2.5 exposure was 13 ± 22 μg/m³, and PAC and PVC counts were 0.92 ± 4.94 and 1.22 ± 7.18. Increases of 10 μg/m³ in average PM_2.5 concentrations during the same 30 min or the previous 30 min were associated with 8% and 3% increases in average PVC counts, respectively. PM_2.5 was not significantly associated with PAC count.Conclusion: PM_2.5 exposure within approximately 60 min was associated with increased PVC counts in healthy individuals.