山东平邑盆地卞桥组(晚白垩世马斯特里赫特晚期)泉华成因的核形石

山东平邑盆地在白垩纪末期源于周缘蒙山和尼山2个隆起区的物源碎屑供给量减少,长期维持清澈湖水环境而有利于湖相灰岩沉积。柏林剖面卞桥组1段下亚段为百余米厚的湖相灰岩序列,其中的大部分核形石是通过湖底钙质微生物粘结作用形成的。本研究发现这里还存在暴露于湖面之上的泉华沉积,部分泉华周边低洼处出现丰富的包壳粒,以大小不同的核形石最常见,主要是通过超饱和碳酸钙泉水化学结晶过程形成的,有的泉华周缘也未能发现核形石,如此看来泉华型核形石分布具有局限性。     

宜昌黄花场宜黄1井中奥陶统牯牛潭组上部灰岩的微相

宜昌黄花场宜黄1井钻遇牯牛潭组上部灰岩地层,属中奥陶统达瑞威尔阶顶部,自下而上出现棕灰色生屑泥粒状灰岩、棕红色生屑粒泥状灰岩、灰色瘤状灰岩、棕红色生屑粒泥状灰岩、棕灰色与灰色生屑粒泥状灰岩夹含少量泥质条带的灰色生屑泥状灰岩。以碳酸钙灰泥和粉砂屑基质沉积为主,见少量细颗粒破碎程度高的三叶虫、介形类、棘皮类等后生动物化石碎片,部分层位的生屑颗粒长轴无定向排列,它们在偏深水区安静海底堆积后无动荡水流频繁改造,顶部的生物扰动现象可能与海退有关。牯牛潭组上部没有典型暖水浅水相的化石类型和内碎屑颗粒沉积,灰岩均形成于最大浪基面之下水温偏凉的开阔陆表海区。     

黔东北石阡香树园剖面志留系香树园组生屑滩微相

奥陶纪末赫南特冰期和生物大灭绝事件结束后,扬子陆表海区志留纪兰多维列世早期的海进序列伴随着生物逐渐复苏的过程。在黔中古陆北缘石阡一带鲁丹晚期至晚埃隆早期的香树园组属近岸浅水带灰岩—碎屑岩沉积区。石阡县城北香树园剖面的香树园组以灰岩为主,夹含少量粉砂质、泥质陆源碎屑岩,频繁出现含丰富壳相后生动物化石碎片形成的薄层滩相单元。与大颗粒壳相化石为主形成的各类生物层状礁类似,生屑滩多为动荡流水改造的后生动物碎片近源沉积。滩相具有较高的生物多样性和化石丰度,是奥陶纪末生物礁复苏前浅海暖水区广泛分布的生态单元。此地香树园组缺少粗砂级以上的陆源碎屑颗粒,也无岩屑颗粒,指示沉积物具有较高的成熟度。推测黔中古陆靠近石阡的部位已经夷平,黔东北浅海区在香树园组灰岩沉积期具有偏低的海水浑浊度和碎屑岩沉积速率,生屑滩相灰岩单元是在正常盐度和高清洁度的环境下堆积的,附近有粉砂-泥级颗粒注入,但无大型河流输入丰富的淡水和陆源粗碎屑。     

川东南古蔺铁索桥剖面志留系石牛栏组上段生物-沉积相特征

川东南古蔺铁索桥剖面志留系兰多维列统沉积时的古地理位置处于滇黔桂古陆之北的陆表海环境。埃隆阶上部石牛栏组从下段薄层泥状灰岩形成之后,相变为上段的生屑-砂屑灰岩夹含少量粉砂质泥岩,展示海水深度变浅的过程。本文基于该剖面露头和灰岩薄片鉴定,专述石牛栏组上段生物-沉积类型并分析浅海环境指标。石牛栏组上段粉砂质泥岩中大化石稀少,而灰岩层中底栖型后生动物壳相化石具有中等多样性,少量出现能鉴定属级的大化石密集层,可识别3种不同水动力强度改造的腕足类介壳滩;该段上部赋存珊瑚-层孔海绵原地格架生长建造的小型点礁,标定了该时期最接近滇黔桂古陆的后生动物造礁群落生态域分布点。石牛栏组上段不同粒度的壳相生屑颗粒与泥状灰岩砂屑构成灰岩的重要组分;海底环境指标,特别是不同水动力强度作用主导了灰岩中颗粒与灰泥含量的差异。     

贵州剑河八郎地区寒武系“清虚洞组”沉积环境初探———以剑河八郎地区松山剖面为例*

贵州剑河八郎地区松山剖面的寒武系"清虚洞组"出露完整,总厚272m,主要由灰岩、泥岩及白云岩组成。文中自下而上将"清虚洞组"分为4个岩性段:Ⅰ段,灰色薄-中厚层含丰富生物碎屑泥质微晶灰岩;Ⅱ段,灰白色薄-中厚层含泥质微晶灰岩;Ⅲ段,灰色薄-中层含完整生物碎屑泥质微晶灰岩;Ⅳ段,灰色薄-中厚层含藻屑泥质微晶灰岩和细晶白云岩。Ⅲ段泥岩中产出包括软躯体化石在内的多门类化石,即剑河生物群。在前人工作的基础上,文中通过野外剖面观察、生物化石采集和微相分析等研究方法,对"清虚洞组"四个岩性段的沉积环境及其对应的海平面变化趋势进行了初步分析,认为"清虚洞组"沉积于含氧量较充沛、盐度正常、低能的较深水陆棚-陆棚边缘环境。中上部的特异埋藏化石群指示一个快速的沉积事件。分析结果表明,"清虚洞组"沉积期水体经历了3次变浅和2次变深的交替变化情况。其中,Ⅲ段沉积期,海底位于氧化还原界面附近;Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅳ段沉积期海底均位于氧化还原界面之上。     

黔北凤岗硐卡拉奥陶系湄潭组中灰岩:典型的暖水相

黔北凤岗硐卡拉剖面下—中奥陶统湄潭组泥岩、粉砂岩中夹含一套47.5m的连续灰岩建造,是区内迄今所测得厚度最大的"中灰岩"段。中灰岩的岩石学特征显示其成分多为分异度很高的生屑、鲕粒(豆粒)和核形石等,颗粒破碎程度偏高,丰度高时可达颗粒支撑,灰泥基质和亮晶方解石胶结均有。这些颗粒堆积形成中—高能带生屑、内碎屑浅滩,纵向上略显旋回,亦见两层较薄含瓶筐石格架的生物层。这些特征皆属浅海带暖水型沉积的标志,将该剖面的湄潭组中灰岩与之同期的大湾组和紫台组中的灰岩相比较,后者形成于偏深的相带,灰泥和泥级、粉砂级陆源碎屑含量高,也缺乏典型的暖水成因标志,故可推知扬子区陆表海的灰岩沉积相存在深度控制的海水温差分异现象。     

山东东营贫地早第三纪介形虫壳体微量元素的特征及意义

通过对山东东营盆地早第三纪生油屋中介形虫化石壳体进行微量元素分析,得出在沙河街组一段中,下亚段沉积时期,湖水较浅、盐度高,气候干燥,古湖泊营养水平低;上亚段沉积时期,湖水变深、变淡,气候凉湿,湖水营养化程序增高。这些结论与沉积学、生物学和稳定同位素研究的结果是一致的,表明介形虫壳体微量元素化学分析对于早第三纪生油层沉积环境的再造能发挥重要的作用。     

黔北桐梓志留系石牛栏段近岸相灰岩

黔北石牛栏组上部的石牛栏段灰岩时代为志留纪兰多维列世埃隆晚期,是上扬子区浅海底栖壳相后生动物繁盛阶段的产物。桐梓代家沟剖面处于黔中古陆以北的近岸带,石牛栏段灰岩序列呈现海退过程,微相特征表明这里频繁出现各类近岸浅海带清澈环境中常见的生屑滩沉积。石牛栏段下部出现风暴浪基面附近腕足类Zygospiraella和Pentamerus密集的介壳滩,大多数的滩相灰岩以细颗粒生屑堆积为主,夹含薄层腹足类生屑滩和鲕粒滩,仅见少量珊瑚薄层,可以排除此地为后生动物礁的栖居区;石牛栏段上部见数期叠层石生长,形态呈穹窿状或平缓席状,每期厚度不超过1m,伴生的暗色泥质夹层中产出的腕足类Lingullela-Eospirifer群落指示澙湖相;潮间带特有的薄层灰岩交错层理以及石牛栏段顶部的喀斯特面进一步昭示区域性逐渐发生的桐梓上升事件结束了近岸沉积。     

新疆轮南油田上奥陶统良里塔格组生物类群和古生态地层学*

南疆塔里木板块北部轮南油田在上奥陶统良里塔格组沉积期显示大致由东向西加深的陆表海缓坡地貌,19口钻井岩芯灰岩中可鉴定出钙质微生物Renalcis、Girvanella、Wetheredella、Garwoodia、Phacelophyton yushanensis、Hedstroemia?和Halysis;钙藻类Vermiporella、Dasyporella、Plexavaria和Solenopora;后生动物类型含海绵、珊瑚、苔藓虫、三叶虫、腕足动物、棘皮动物、腹足类、介形类等。不同钻井之间的古生态地层单元对比显示生物礁和灰泥丘主要发育于轮南油田西部井区,而东部井区则多为台内碎屑滩相沉积;海底地貌差异,特别是向西水深加大可视为控制轮南油田良里塔格组生态组合展布的主要因素。     

陕南川北志留系特列奇阶宁强组礁相中的微生物岩和钙藻

分布于扬子区西北缘宁强-广元地区志留系宁强组以约三千米厚的浅水相泥页岩,海相红层夹灰岩为特征,部分灰岩层段中发育生物礁,通过对礁灰岩的微相分析表明,菌藻类可通过四种方式参与造礁过程;1）叠层石;2）凝块岩;3）核形石;4）钙藻碎屑堆积,其中以叠层石和凝块岩最为常见,它们对灰泥基质起显著的粘结作用。而核形石和钙藻相对较少,有的叠层石出现于礁顶相并作为后生动物骨架岩造礁衰减的标志。     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.