The Semilattice of Annihilator Classes in a Reduced Commutative Ring

Let R be a reduced commutative ring with 1 ≠ 0. Let R _E be the set of equivalence classes for the equivalence relation on R given by x ～ y if and only if ann _R (x) = ann _R (y). Then R _E is a (meet) semilattice with respect to the order [x] ≤ [y] if and only if ann _R (y) ? ann _R (x). In this paper, we investigate when R _E is a lattice and relate this to when R is weakly complemented or satisfies the annihilator condition. We also consider when R is a (meet) semilattice with respect to the Abian order defined by x ≤ y if and only if xy = x ².     

F[x,y] as a Dialgebra and a Leibniz Algebra

In this article, we define a new associative dialgebra over a polynomial algebra F[x, y] with two indeterminates x and y. Left derivations, right derivations, derivations, and automorphisms of F[x, y] as associative dialgebra are determined. Meanwhile, we also determine all homogeneous derivations of F[x, y] as ?-graded Leibniz algebra, and automorphisms of Leibniz algebra F[x, y] preserving the standard filtration.     

On Universal Central Extensions of Leibniz Algebras

We construct the endofunctor 𝔲𝔠𝔢 between the category of Leibniz algebras which assigns to a perfect Leibniz algebra its universal central extension, and we obtain the isomorphism 𝔲𝔠𝔢_Lie(𝔮_Lie) ? (𝔲𝔠𝔢_Leib(𝔮))_Lie, where 𝔮 is a perfect Leibniz algebra satisfying the condition [x, [x, y]] + [[x, y], x] = 0, for all x, y ∈ 𝔮. Moreover, we obtain several results concerning the lifting of automorphisms and derivations in a covering. We also study the relationship between the universal central extension of a semidirect product of perfect Leibniz algebras and the semidirect product of the universal central extension of both of them.     

On the Invariant Fields and Rings of Some Groups of Polynomial Automorphisms

Abstract

We consider the group G of C-automorphisms of C(x, y) (resp. C[x, y]) generated by s, t such that t(x) = y, t(y) = x and s(x) = x, s(y) = ? y + u(x) where u ∈ C[x] is of degree k ≥ 2. Using Galois's theory, we show that the invariant field and the invariant algebra of G are equal to C.     

A Sufficient Condition for a Hibi Ring to Be Level and Levelness of Schubert Cycles

Let K be a field, D a finite distributive lattice and P the set of all join-irreducible elements of D. We show that if {y ∈ P | y ≥ x} is pure for any x ∈ P, then the Hibi ring ? _K (D) is level. Using this result and the argument of sagbi basis theory, we show that the homogeneous coordinate rings of Schubert subvarieties of Grassmannians are level.     

A Class of Simple Derivations of k[x,y]

If k is a field of characteristic zero, c ∈ k?{0}, s, t ≥ 1, and r ≥ 0 are integers, then it is shown that the k-derivation y ^r ? _x  + (y ^s x ^t  + c)? _y of the polynomial algebra k[x, y] is simple.     

Generalized skew derivations on triangular algebras determined by action on zero products

For a triangular algebra 𝒜 and an automorphism σ of 𝒜, we describe linear maps F,G:𝒜→𝒜 satisfying F(x)y+σ(x)G(y) = 0 whenever x,y∈𝒜 are such that xy = 0. In particular, when 𝒜 is a zero product determined triangular algebra, maps F and G satisfying the above condition are generalized skew derivations of the form F(x) = F(1)x+D(x) and G(x) = σ(x)G(1)+D(x) for all x∈𝒜, where D:𝒜→𝒜 is a skew derivation. When 𝒜 is not zero product determined, we show that there are also nonstandard solutions for maps F and G.     

On the Monoid of All Partial Order-Preserving Extensive Transformations

A partial transformation α on an n-element chain X _n is called order-preserving if x ≤ y implies xα ≤yα for all x, y in the domain of α and it is called extensive if x ≤ xα for all x in the domain of α. The set of all partial order-preserving extensive transformations on X _n forms a semiband POE _n . We determine the maximal subsemigroups as well as the maximal subsemibands of POE _n .     

Zero product determined classical Lie algebras

We show that the Lie algebra ? of skew-symmetric matrices with respect to either transpose or symplectic involution is zero product determined. This means that every bilinear map {·,·} from ? × ? into a vector space X is of the form {x, y} = T ([x, y]) for some linear map T provided that the following condition is fulfilled: [x, y] = 0 implies {x, y} = 0.     

An Elemental Characterization of Orthogonal Ideals in Lie Algebras

In this paper, we prove that the ideals generated by two elements x, y in a nondegenerate Lie algebra L over a ring of scalars Φ with \({\frac 1 2, \frac 1 3}\) are orthogonal if and only if [x, [y, L]] = 0.     

The group PSL(2,q) is not the multiplication group of a loop

ABSTRACT

We introduce the notion of weak transitivity for torsion-free abelian groups. A torsion-free abelian group G is called weakly transitive if for any pair of elements x, y ∈ G and endomorphisms ?, ψ ∈ End(G) such that x? = y, yψ = x, there exists an automorphism of G mapping x onto y. It is shown that every suitable ring can be realized as the endomorphism ring of a weakly transitive torsion-free abelian group, and we characterize up to a number-theoretical property the separable weakly transitive torsion-free abelian groups.     

On the Genus of the Nilpotent Graphs of Finite Groups

The nilpotent graph of a group G is a simple graph whose vertex set is G?nil(G), where nil(G) = {y ∈ G | ? x, y ? is nilpotent ? x ∈ G}, and two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if ? x, y ? is nilpotent. In this article, we show that the collection of finite non-nilpotent groups whose nilpotent graphs have the same genus is finite, derive explicit formulas for the genus of the nilpotent graphs of some well-known classes of finite non-nilpotent groups, and determine all finite non-nilpotent groups whose nilpotent graphs are planar or toroidal.     

Class Partition Algebras as Centralizer Algebras of Wreath Products

In this article, we study an important subalgebra of the tensor product partition algebra P _k (x)? P _k (y), denoted by P _k (x, y) and called “Class Partition Algebra.” We show that the algebra P _k (n, m) is the centralizer algebra of the wreath product S _m ? S _n . Furthermore, the algebra P _k (x, y) and the tensor product partition algebra P _k (x)? P _k (y) are subalgebras of the G-colored partition algebra P _k (x;G) and G-vertex colored partition algebra P _k (x, G) respectively, for every group G with |G|=y ≥ 2k.     

On the Hochschild (Co)Homology of Quantum Exterior Algebras

We compute the Hochschild cohomology and homology of the algebra Λ = k 〈x, y〉/(x ², xy + qyx, y ²) with coefficients in ₁ Λ_ψ for every degree preserving k-algebra automorphism ψ : Λ → Λ. As a result we obtain several interesting examples of the homological behavior of Λ as a bimodule.     

Non-Nilpotent Graph of a Group

We associate a graph 𝒩 _G with a group G (called the non-nilpotent graph of G) as follows: take G as the vertex set and two vertices are adjacent if they generate a non-nilpotent subgroup. In this article, we study the graph theoretical properties of 𝒩 _G and its induced subgraph on G \ nil(G), where nil(G) = {x ∈ G | ? x, y ? is nilpotent for all y ∈ G}. For any finite group G, we prove that 𝒩 _G has either |Z*(G)| or |Z*(G)| +1 connected components, where Z*(G) is the hypercenter of G. We give a new characterization for finite nilpotent groups in terms of the non-nilpotent graph. In fact, we prove that a finite group G is nilpotent if and only if the set of vertex degrees of 𝒩 _G has at most two elements.     

Implicative commutative semigroups are equivalent to a class of BCK algebras

Chan and Shum [2] introduced the notion of implicative semigroups and obtained some of its important properties. BCK algebras with condition (S) were introduced by Iséki [4] and extensively investigated by several authors. In this note, we prove that implicative commutative semigroups are equivalent to BCK algebras with condition (S), that is, given an algebra <S;≤,·,*,1> of type (2,2,0), define ⊗ by stipulatingx⊗y=y*x and ≺ by puttingx≺y if and only ify≤x, then <S≤,·,*,1> is an implicative commutative semigroup if and only if <S;≺,·,⊗, 1> is a BCK algebra with condition (S); a nonempty subsetF ofS is an ordered filter of <S;≤,·,*, 1> if and only ifF is an ideal of <S;≺,·, ⊗, 1>. The author would like to thank the referee for his valuable comments which helped in the modification of this paper.