橘叶挥发油化学成分的气相色谱-质谱分析

目的:分析橘叶挥发油的化学成分。方法:采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取橘叶挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)联用法分析鉴定其化学成分,并应用面积归一法测定各成分的相对百分含量。结果:从橘叶挥发油中分离出50种化学组分,鉴定了其中34种,占总油量的83%。结论:橘叶挥发油中主要成分为β-榄香烯(19.96%)、石竹烯(10.27%)、石竹烯氧化物(8.78%)、[1R-(1a,3aβ,4a,7β)]-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7-八氢-1,4-二甲基-7-(1-甲基乙烯基)-薁(6.97%)、邻伞花烃(6.27%)等。     

黑老虎挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

目的对黑老虎含有的挥发油成分进行分析。方法用水蒸气蒸馏后,采用GC-MS联用技术。结果从黑老虎挥发油中分离出151种化学成分,鉴定出其中的45个,占挥发油总量的64.56%,其中相对含量在1%以上的有18个。结论黑老虎挥发油中主要成分为异石竹烯、δ-榄香烯、乙酸龙脑酯、δ-荜澄茄烯、β-古芸烯、γ-依兰油烯及其水合物。     

浙江产异叶茴芹叶挥发油化学成分研究

目的 研究浙江产伞形科茴芹属植物异叶茴芹叶挥发油的化学成分.方法 采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,用气相色谱一质谱联用仪作定性分析,按峰面积归一化法计算挥发油中化学成分的相对百分含量.结果 鉴定出38个化合物,占总挥发油相对含量的94%.主要成分为IH-苯并环庚烯(22.70%)、水芹烯(17.77%)、β-花柏烯(15.94%),还含有一定量的β-榄香烯(2.99%)和β-法尼烯(1.75%).结论 浙江产异叶茴芹叶可作为提取榄香烯和法尼烯的原料药材.     

浙产连钱草挥发油化学成分的分析

目的研究浙产连钱草挥发油的化学成分。方法水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,应用气相色谱-质谱联用法（GC-MS）进行定性分析,按峰面积归一化法,求出挥发油中化学成分的百分含量。结果挥发油鉴定出33个化合物,主要成分为石竹烯及其氧化物（25．14％）、早熟素Ⅰ和Ⅱ（12．58％）、喇叭烯（10．6％）、异松蒎酮（10．5％）、β-荜澄茄油烯（6．34％）,且油中含有一定量的反式斯巴醇（4．53％）、γ-榄香烯（4．68％）、β-榄香烯（1．45％）和D-柠檬烯（0．39％）。结论浙产连钱草挥发油舍有丰富的药用活性成分。     

琥珀挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

目的:研究琥珀挥发油的化学成分。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取琥珀挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行分离测定,结合质谱数据库对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定,应用气相色谱峰面积归一化法确定各成分的质量分数。结果:共鉴定出琥珀挥发油中49个化合物,占总峰面积的91.38%,主要成分有(-)-斯巴醇(16.635%)、氧化石竹烯(12.927%)、α-咕巴烯(7.858%)、马兜铃烯环氧化物(5.819%)、β-榄香烯(5.710%)、l-石柱烯(4.203%)、氧化蛇麻烯Ⅱ(3.792%)等。结论:该试验首次分析了琥珀挥发油的化学成分,可为琥珀的进一步评价及开发利用提供科学依据。     

黑老虎挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

目的 对黑老虎含有的挥发油成分进行分析.方法 用水蒸气蒸馏后,采用GC-MS联用技术.结果 从黑老虎挥发油中分离出151种化学成分,鉴定出其中的45个,占挥发油总量的64.56%,其中相对含量在1%以上的有18个.结论 黑老虎挥发油中主要成分为异石竹烯、δ-榄香烯、乙酸龙脑酯、δ-荜澄茄烯、β-古芸烯、γ-依兰油烯及其水合物.     

白花前胡挥发油成分的研究

本文用气质联用首次对白花前胡挥发油成分进行了分离鉴定，证明其主要成分为香木兰烯，β－榄香烯等倍半萜成分，抗菌实验表明白花前胡挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌的生长有较强的抑制作用。     

白花前胡挥发油成分的研究

本文用气质联用首次对白花前胡挥发油成分进行了分离鉴定，证明其主要成分为香木半烯，β－榄香烯等倍半萜成分，抗菌实验表明白花前胡挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌的生长有较强的抑制作用。     

宽阔水国家级自然保护区松风草挥发油成分分析

目的:分析宽阔水国家级自然保护区松风草挥发油的化学成分。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取宽阔水国家级自然保护区松风草挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对挥发油成分进行分析,并与云南沪西县松风草挥发油化学成分作比较。结果:共分离出49种组分,鉴定出其中的48种,占挥发油总量的95.85%;以烷类(二十三烷到三十三烷等)、酸类(棕榈酸、亚油酸等)、香豆素(异虎耳草素、花椒毒素等)、萜类(榄香烯、大根香叶烯等)和辛基油等成分为主,其中一些成分(如异虎耳草素、花椒毒素、榄香烯、亚油酸)具有重要的生物活性。本次研究所分离的松风草挥发油成分及含量与云南沪西县所产的成分和含量有显著差异,其中有45种成分为首次从该种植物中检出。结论:本试验结果可为松风草的进一步开发利用提供依据。     

海州香薷挥发油成分的分析

采用 GC/MS/DS 分析了江苏连云港海州山产海州香薷 Elsholtzia splendens Nakai.ex F.Maekawa.挥发油成分,分离并鉴定了以香薷酮 Elsholtzia ketone.(85.27%)、去氢香薷酮 dehydro elsh-oltzione(2.00%)、β-石竹烯β-Caryophyllene(2.20%)、γ-榄香烯γ-element(1.54%)、3-辛醇3-Octanol(1.36%)、优葛缕酮 Eucarvone(1.04%)、波旁烯 Bourbonene(0.75%)、γ-木罗烯γ-muurolene(0.88%)、为主的37个成分。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.