加热温度与保温时间对铝-硅镀层组织演变的影响

采用扫描电镜观察了钢板表面铝-硅镀层的微观组织,利用热模拟机研究了铝-硅镀层在不同加热温度和保温时间下镀层中合金层厚度的变化规律,利用辉光光谱仪测定了铁元素向合金层中的扩散规律。结果表明:热处理前镀层合金层组织由Fe₂Al₅二元金属间化合物和Fe₂SiAl₇三元金属间化合物组成,热处理后镀层合金层组织由Fe₂SiAl₂,Fe₂Si₂Al₅等金属间化合物组成,镀层表面生成致密的Al₂O₃膜;硅元素在合金层与镀层的交界处富集,抑制了铁元素由钢基体向镀层表面的扩散,可以有效阻止合金层厚度的进一步增加;随着加热温度升高、保温时间延长,铁元素溶出量增多,镀层表面铁质量分数达到45%~55%,导致合金层的厚度逐渐增大。     

原位合成TiB2/Fe复合材料的高温氧化行为

采用微波烧结技术原位生成TiB₂/Fe复合材料,研究其在500℃、600℃与700℃空气中的恒温氧化行为,并对氧化膜的表面、截面形貌及相组成进行了分析。结果表明:TiB₂/Fe复合材料由TiB₂、Fe₂B和α-Fe三种物相组成。随着氧化温度的升高,TiB₂/Fe复合材料的氧化增重明显增大,均呈现抛物线型规律,在500℃时,其氧化产物主要为Fe₂O₃和Fe₃O₄,而700℃时,其氧化物为Fe₂O₃、TiO₂、Fe₉TiO₁₅及少量Fe₃BO₆组成。相同温度下,随着TiB₂含量增加,TiB₂/Fe复合材料氧化物粒径、氧化增重和氧化层厚度均减小,氧化激活能增大,其抗氧化性能也越好。      

8YSZ/Y3Al5O12:Ce3+光敏复合热障涂层的等温氧化及光谱响应特性

为了监测热障涂层在氧化过程中陶瓷层内部的残余热应力,制备了Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺含量不同的8YSZ/Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺光敏复合热障涂层。研究了Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺不同含量下8YSZ/Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺光敏复合热障涂层等温氧化过程的失效机理,阐述了陶瓷层内部残余热应力与Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺的发射光谱的峰值波长之间的内在响应机制;同时研究了8YSZ/Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺光敏复合热障涂层陶瓷层发射光谱峰值波长偏移量与氧化时间的关系,并拟...     

四硼酸锂电解液浓度对Zr-4合金微弧氧化陶瓷层的影响

为了提高Zr-4合金在核工业中的服役性能并避免引入杂质元素,以Li₂B₄O₇为电解液在Zr-4合金表面制备微弧氧化陶瓷层,研究了Li₂B₄O₇浓度对微弧氧化陶瓷层的物相组成、微观形貌、膜层厚度、硬度、粗糙度、耐磨损和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：当ρ(Li₂B₄O₇)=3～15 g/L时,随着Li₂B₄O₇浓度的增加,电解液的电导率持续增加,陶瓷层的粗糙度总体持续增加,只在电解液浓度从6 g/L变化到9 g/L时稍有下降,微弧氧化陶瓷层厚度先在ρ(Li₂B₄O₇)=3～9 g/L范围内持续下降,后在ρ(Li₂B₄O₇)=9～15 g/L范围内上升;陶瓷层的硬度先是在ρ(Li₂B...     

燃烧合成法制备NdB6超细粉体及反应机理

以B₂O₃、Nd₂O₃和Mg为原料, 采用燃烧合成法制备出NdB₆超细粉体。考察了反应气氛、制样压力和物料配比对反应产物微观形貌和物相的影响。采用XRD、SEM对产物进行了表征, 结果表明: 燃烧产物由NdB₆、MgO以及少量Mg₃B₂O₆和Nd₂B₂O₆组成, 稀硫酸处理去除可溶性成分后, 产物为单一的NdB₆相, 纯度为99.1%。随着制样压力的增大, NdB₆颗粒尺寸逐渐变小。制样压力为20 MPa时, 制备的NdB₆粉末平均粒度小于500 nm。Mg-B₂O₃-Nd₂O₃三相反应历程: 首先Mg还原Nd₂O₃生成单质Nd和MgO, 然后引发Mg还原B₂O₃生成单质B和MgO, 同时生成的Nd和B反应得到NdB₆, 反应的表观活化能为691.59 kJ/mol, 反应级数为3.2。     

Al2O3/(纳米)Fe3Al复合材料位错形貌的TEM观测

利用TEM对Fe₃Al/Al₂O₃复合材料的位错形貌进行了观测分析,观察到Fe₃Al/Al₂O₃中丰富的位错组态。根据透射电镜观察,引入Fe₃Al后,Al₂O₃晶内产生大量位错,位错多产生于Fe₃Al于Al₂O₃相界面附近,亚界面的形成使基体晶粒再细化,使强度提高。在Fe₃Al中观察到超点阵位错,对材料起到"有序强化"作用。      

包埋渗铝法制备Fe-Al渗层及其扩散机制

包埋渗铝法可在钢基体表面制备出一层致密、坚固、连续的Fe-Al渗层，以改善基体性能。本文在不同温度和不同时间下对Q235低碳钢进行包埋渗铝，形成Fe-Al渗层，采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜及能谱分析等方法研究了渗铝层的物相结构、表面及截面形貌和成分，采用显微硬度仪测量了截面硬度。结果表明，不同渗铝温度下获得的渗铝层，主要含有Fe₂Al₅和FeAl₃两相，且750℃得到的渗层存在较多Fe₂Al₅相；随着渗铝温度升高，Fe-Al渗层厚度增加，Al原子扩散系数增大，但显微硬度降低；不同渗铝时间下制备的渗铝层，物相仍以Fe₂Al₅和FeAl₃为主，但随着渗铝时间延长，FeAl₃含量减少，且Al原子扩散系数变大，渗层显微硬度略有降低。在进一步分析Fe-Al渗层形成的热力学与动力学基础上，总结了渗铝层形成的扩散机制。     

不同载气温度条件下低压冷喷涂Al-Al2O3复合涂层的沉积特性

目前,对低压冷喷涂Al-Al₂O₃复合涂层的研究主要集中在工艺和性能方面,对颗粒的沉积特性和机理的研究较少。为此,利用低压冷喷涂技术沉积Al-Al₂O₃复合涂层,研究了不同载气温度对复合涂层沉积特性的影响规律,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、三维轮廓仪对复合涂层的厚度、表面形貌、显微组织进行了分析。结果表明:不同载气温度(300,400,500,600℃)制备的Al-Al₂O₃复合涂层厚度依次为213.34,321.62,920.64,986.97μm,复合涂层厚度随载气温度升高而增加,尤其当冷喷涂载气温度由400℃变为500℃时,沉积层厚度增幅达186.25%;复合涂层表面最大高度差H_max和粗糙度R_a随载气温度升高呈增加趋势,载气温度为400℃时复合涂层表面质量最优,当载气温度由400℃变为500℃时H_max和R_a增幅最大,分别为72.68%和52.22%,随载气温度的升高复合涂层表面质量下降;复合涂层中形变Al颗粒的扁平率随载气温度升高呈下降趋势,复合涂层中Al颗粒由塑性变形量较大的扁平状(300℃)逐渐变为塑性变形量较小的椭球形(600℃),随载气温度升高Al-Al₂O₃涂层的沉积率突增和颗粒扁平率下降归因于Al颗粒的热软化效应。     

激光铝热还原法制备Al2O3/Ti-Al基复合涂层

利用Al和TiO₂之间的放热化学反应, 采用激光原位合成技术在TC4钛合金基体材料表面制备了Al₂O₃/Ti-Al金属间化合物基复合涂层。对比分析了激光功率、激光束扫描速度和光斑尺寸变化对激光能量密度变化量的影响程度, 借助X射线衍射仪(XRD)、光学显微镜(OM)、能谱仪(EDS)和显微硬度计分别考察了激光束扫描速度对复合涂层表面宏观形貌、截面显微组织结构和显微硬度的影响。结果显示, 扫描速度的变化对激光能量密度变化量的影响程度最大, 光斑尺寸次之, 激光功率的变化影响最弱。随着激光束扫描速度的增大, 复合涂层表面渐趋粗糙, “鱼鳞纹”状形貌特征趋于明显, 复合涂层与基材结合区厚度减小。激光原位复合涂层主要由k-Al₂O₃和α-Al₂O₃增强相与α-Ti和α₂-Ti₃Al基体相组成。随着激光束扫描速度增大, 复合涂层内k-Al₂O₃部分转变为α-Al₂O₃, Al₂O₃增强相有由枝晶状向纤维状转变的趋势; 复合涂层截面显微硬度自基体至涂层表面过度平缓, 且涂层区显微硬度分布均匀, 明显高于基材平均显微硬度。     

添加剂对离心SHS陶瓷复合钢管组织性能的影响

针对Al-Fe₂O₃铝热体系, 采用SiO₂和Na₂B₄O₇作为添加剂, 利用离心自蔓延高温合成(SHS)技术制备了陶瓷复合钢管, 研究了添加质量分数7%SiO₂和2%、 4%、 6% Na₂B₄O₇对复合管陶瓷层组织结构和力学性能的影响。XRD分析结果表明陶瓷层的主要成分有α-Al₂O₃、 FeAl₂O₄、 Al₂SiO₅、 B₂O₃等; SEM观察发现陶瓷层表面晶粒排布致密, 结合能谱分析陶瓷层中含有Fe单质; 金相显微镜观察结果表明陶瓷层和Fe过渡层结合良好, 没有间隙存在; 复合钢管的抗剪强度和压溃强度测试结果表明: 添加质量分数为7% SiO₂和4% Na₂B₄O₇的陶瓷复合钢管的抗剪强度和压溃强度分别达到22 MPa和430 MPa, 比未添加添加剂的样品分别提高了240%和22.8%。      

高长径比硼酸镁晶须的制备及生长机理研究

以六水氯化镁和硼砂为原料, 以氯化钠、氯化钾作为助熔剂, 通过熔盐法制备出长为200~800μm, 最大长径比为250, 品质均匀的硼酸镁晶须. 采用XRD分析、光学显微和SEM观察, 研究产物的结构和形貌, 并研究不同n(B)/n(Mg)、反应温度和时间对硼酸镁晶须生长过程及质量的影响, 结果表明, 反应的最佳条件是n(B)/n(Mg)=3:1、反应温度为900℃、恒温时间为6h. 根据XRD分析, 表明Mg₂B₂O₅晶须的生成经过中间产物方硼石Mg₃B₇O₁₃Cl的转化过程, 晶须生长需要一个富硼的环境. 晶须的生长机理符合L-S机理.     

Characterization of mechanically alloyed ternary Fe–Ti–Al powders

The effects of Ti-substitution for Fe in the Fe₃Al system on the mechanical alloying process were investigated. For this purpose, blended elemental powders with the following nominal compositions (at.%): Fe₇₅Al₂₅, Fe₇₀Ti₅Al₂₅, Fe₆₅Ti₁₀Al₂₅, Fe₆₀Ti₁₅Al₂₅, were mechanically alloyed in a high energy attritor-type ball milling system for up to 100 h. The structural evolution in these powders was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction techniques. It was found that elemental powders were progressively transformed into nanocrystalline solid solutions during mechanical alloying. The addition of Ti in the powders shortened the milling time for solid solution formation. With increasing Ti content, the grain size of the solid solutions decreased, but the lattice parameter increased. Upon heating, the milled powders were transformed into ordered (Fe,Ti)₃Al intermetallic compounds in an extended range of temperature (from 350 to 500°C). Ti addition enhanced the occurrence of DO₃ ordering in heated powders.     

引入MgAl_2O_4对Ti_3SiC_2基复合材料性能的影响

采用反应热压烧结法制备MgAl2O4/Ti3SiC2复合材料,研究热压温度和MgAl2O4含量对该复合材料相组成、力学性能及抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明:热压温度影响MgAl2O4/Ti3SiC2复合材料相组成,在1 450℃烧结可得到性能良好的MgAl2O4/Ti3SiC2复合材料。引入适量的MgAl2O4,起到弥散强化的作用,有助于提高复合材料的力学性能,当引入量为20wt%时,抗弯强度为527.6 MPa,断裂韧性为7.09 MPa·m1/2。MgAl2O4/Ti3SiC2试样的抗氧化性能优于Ti3SiC2试样。MgAl2O4/Ti3SiC2复合材料在1 400℃氧化后的氧化层分两层,外层是Mg0.6Al0.8Ti1.6O5和金红石型TiO2,内层是由TiO2、方石英SiO2及少量未氧化的基体相混合组成。     

Characterization of intermetallic phases and oxides formed in annealed Ni/Al multilayer structures

Two different multilayer structures composed of ten alternating Ni and Al thin films were sputter deposited on Si (111) substrates. These multilayers with individual Ni and Al thin film thicknesses of about 25 nm and 38 nm and of 25 nm and 13 nm, respectively, have the average compositions of Ni_0.50Al_0.50 and Ni_0.75Al_0.25. The samples were heat treated in a differential scanning calorimeter instrument with a constant heating rate of 40 °C min ⁻¹ in Ar from room temperature to 550 °C. The compositions of as-deposited and heat-treated samples were studied with high-resolution Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) rotational depth profiling. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses show an excess of Ni in both annealed samples. X-ray diffraction measurements of annealed multilayers show the formation of Ni₂Al₃ and NiAl₃ phases in the Ni_0.50Al_0.50 sample and the presence of Ni₃Al and Ni A1₃ phases with some excess of Ni in the Ni_0.75Al_0.75 sample. AES and XPS investigations of the reacted layers after 15 min annealing in air at 500 °C disclose considerably different surface oxide thin films: on the Ni_0.50Al_0.50 layer the oxide thin film consists of Al₂O₃ with a small amount of NiO, whereas that on the top of the Ni_0.75Al_0.25 layer is thicker and consists of NiO on top and some Al₂O₃ below.     

Crystal growth and spectral properties of pure and Co-doped Mg3B2O6 crystal

Novel pure and cobalt-doped magnesium borate crystals (Mg₃B₂O₆) have been grown successfully by the Czochralski technique for the first time. Crystal growth, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis, absorption spectrum, fluorescence spectrum as well as fluorescence decay curve of Co²⁺:Mg₃B₂O₆ (MBO) were described. From the absorption peaks for the octahedral Co²⁺ ions, the crystal-field parameter Dq and the Racah parameter B were estimated to be 943.3 cm⁻¹ and 821.6 cm⁻¹, respectively. The fluorescence lifetime of the transition ⁴T₁(⁴P) → ⁴T₂ centered at 717 nm was measured to be 9.68 ms.     

Chemical stability, microstructure and mechanical behavior of LaPO4-containing ceramics

The use of LaPO₄ as a weak interface in composites for high temperature applications was investigated using tape-cast laminates and fiber model systems. Three laminates were fabricated with LaPO₄ as one component and Al₂O₃, Y₃Al₅O₁₂ or LaAl₁₁O₁₈ as the other. The chemical compatibility between the different components of the laminates, as well as the mechanical responses to flexural deformation and the propagation of indentation cracks, were examined. Two fiber model systems (Al₂O₃ fiber/LaPO₄ coating/Al₂O₃ matrix and Y₃Al₅O₁₂ fiber/LaPO₄ coating/Al₂O₃ matrix) were studied by fiber pushout tests to measure the interfacial shear strengths. The interfacial shear strengths were calculated by the linear and shear-lag approaches for different embedded fiber lengths. The results suggest that Y₃Al₅O₁₂ fiber-reinforced composites with LaPO₄ coatings have potential as high temperature materials in oxidizing environments.