BDS-3观测数据质量分析及精密定轨

当前,北斗卫星导航定位系统正处于快速发展阶段,在全球GNSS卫星导航定位领域中受到了越来越多的关注,分析BDS-3卫星观测数据质量以及钟差性能对中国北斗导航事业的发展与应用具有重要意义。深入分析了IGMAS监测站BDS-3卫星的数据质量,同时采用现有的观测数据进行了BDS-3卫星三天弧段的定轨实验。结果表明,轨道重叠弧段1D RMS径向优于20cm,钟差重叠弧段STD精度优于1ns。为准确掌握BDS-3卫星钟差的时频特性,利用估计的钟差数据计算了BDS-3卫星钟差频率稳定性指标,其千秒稳定度、万秒稳定度和日稳定度分别为4.64×10-13、8.55×10-14和1.28×10-14,相对于BDS-2系统最高提升了25.89%。     

近地卫星磁测自主定轨及原型化

利用三轴磁强计的测量信息可实时地确定卫星轨道。采用扩展卡尔曼滤波作为处理磁测自主定轨问题的滤波算法．并以地磁场强度幅值作为测量值，建立了近地卫星磁测自主定轨的数学模型。在数学模型的基础上实现了基于PC机、dSPACE一体化系统的原型化(Prototyping)实验。该原型化实验对磁测自主定轨的方案、理论、算法及实时运行特性做了进一步的验证。     

I: PRECISE ORBIT DETERMINATION AND GRAVITY FIELD MODELLING: Strategies for Precise Orbit Determination of Low Earth Orbiters Using the GPS

Considerable experience accumulated during the past decade in strategies for processing GPS data from ground-based geodetic receivers. First experience on the use of GPS observations from spaceborne receivers for orbit determination of satellites on low altitude orbits was gained with the launch of TOPEX/POSEIDON ten years ago. The launch of the CHAMP satellite in July 2000 stimulated a number of activities worldwide on improving the strategies and algorithms for orbit determination for Low Earth Orbiters (LEOs) using the GPS. Similar strategies as for ground-based receivers are applied to data from spaceborne GPS receivers to determine high precision orbits. Zero- and double-differencing techniques are applied to obtain kinematic and/or reduced-dynamic orbits with an accuracy which is today at the decimeter level. Further developments in modeling and processing strategies will continuously improve the quality of GPS-derived LEO orbits in the near future. A significant improvement can be expected from fixing double-difference phase ambiguities to integer numbers. Particular studies focus on the impact of a combined processing of LEO and GPS orbits on the quality of orbits and the reference frame realization. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Phase Residual Estimations for PCVs of Spaceborne GPS Receiver Antenna and Their Impacts on Precise Orbit Determination of GRACE Satellites

In-flight phase center systematic errors of global positioning system(GPS) receiver antenna are the main restriction for improving the precision of precise orbit determination using dual-frequency GPS.Residual approach is one of the valid methods for in-flight calibration of GPS receiver antenna phase center variations(PCVs) from ground calibration.In this paper,followed by the correction model of spaceborne GPS receiver antenna phase center,ionosphere-free PCVs can be directly estimated by ionosphere-free carrier phase post-fit residuals of reduced dynamic orbit determination.By the data processing of gravity recovery and climate experiment(GRACE) satellites,the following conclusions are drawn.Firstly,the distributions of ionosphere-free carrier phase post-fit residuals from different periods have the similar systematic characteristics.Secondly,simulations show that the influence of phase residual estimations for ionosphere-free PCVs on orbit determination can reach the centimeter level.Finally,it is shown by in-flight data processing that phase residual estimations of current period could not only be used for the calibration for GPS receiver antenna phase center of foretime and current period,but also be used for the forecast of ionosphere-free PCVs in future period,and the accuracy of orbit determination can be well improved.     

国内外深空探测器精密定轨软件研究综述及WUDOGS简介

深空探测器精密定轨软件系统的研制在深空探测活动中是一个非常重要的环节,一直受到各大航天机构的重视。针对国内外深空探测器精密定轨软件平台的研究现状,重点介绍了具有代表性的美国JPL(Jet Propulsion Laboratory,喷气推进实验室)的DPTRAJ/ODP(Double Precision TRAJectory program/Orbit Determination Program,双精度轨道程序/定轨程序)和MONTE(Mission analysis,Operations,and Navigation Toolkit Environment,任务分析、操作和导航工具箱环境),GSFC(Goddard Space Flight Center,戈达德航天飞行中心)的GEODYN-II以及法国CNES(Centre National dEtudes Spatiales,国家空间研究中心)的GINS(Géodésie par Intégrations Numériques Simultanées,同步数值积分大地测量)软件系统,对这些软件的结构与功能进行了总结。之后对武汉大学自主研制的深空探测器精密定轨软件系统WUDOGS(Wuhan University Deep space Orbit determination and Gravity recovery System,武汉大学深空探测器精密定轨与重力场解算软件系统)的主要模块与功能进行了介绍,通过与GEODYN-II的交叉对比验证,表明:对于探测器的轨道预报,WUDOGS与GEODYN-II的1个月位置差异小于0.3mm,2d位置差值小于5×10~(-3) mm;双程测距、双程测速的理论计算值和GEODYN-II的差值RMS(Root Mean Square,均方根)分别在0.06mm,0.002mm/s的水平;WUDOGS目前已初步具备了月球和火星探测器精密定轨能力。最后对WUDOGS的下一步发展方向进行了展望。     

星载双频GPS相位历元差缩减动力学定轨(英文)

研究了星载双频GPS相位历元差缩减动力学定轨方法,该方法既克服了相位历元差运动学方法在观测几何较差或数据不足情况下无法应用的缺点,又避免了相位非差动力学方法易受周跳和模糊度影响的缺点。历元差方法对相位周跳的影响不敏感,因此能够降低相位数据预处理中周跳探测的难度。在模型求解过程中,解决了高维矩阵的计算问题,将长弧段观测数据分成若干短弧段,相邻两个短弧段的连接处不做差分,仅在每个短弧段内部进行历元间差分处理。通过对GRACE卫星进行试算,并与GFZ事后科学轨道进行比较,结果表明相位历元差缩减动力学定轨精度在径向、沿迹方向和轨道法向分别可达1.92cm、3.83cm和3.80cm,三维位置精度可达5.76cm,该方法与相位非差缩减动力学定轨精度相当。     

基于中继测量的环月探测器定轨能力分析

嫦娥四号月球探测拟首次实现月球背面的软着陆,测控与数传依赖地月L2平动点的中继卫星,并有望获取四程测量与星间测量数据。对基于中继测量的环月探测器测定轨能力进行了仿真分析,结果表明,中继卫星可较好地实现环月探测器连续跟踪;在定轨能力方面,中继卫星自身轨道精度是制约环月探测器定轨精度的重要因素,当跟踪弧段达到5h以上时,定轨精度趋于稳定,但轨道精度较中继卫星的轨道精度相差1个量级;对于星间链路测量,除中继卫星自身的轨道精度外,星钟的稳定性是制约定轨精度的另一个重要因素,如果辅助以每天1h的地基跟踪亦可实现优于百m的定轨精度。