多人决策支持系统研究评述

对多人决策支持系统的研究状况进行回顾,总结了ＧＤＳＳ理论和实验研究工作及取得的成果,指出了ＧＤＳＳ研究中存在的问题和研究方向。ＤＤＳＳ和ＯＤＳＳ目前仍处于概念开发阶段。最后探讨了多人决策支持系统的发展前景。     

网络化设计评价群决策支持系统研究*

为了改进产品设计评价的方法,将决策支持系统机制引入产品设计评价领域。改进了部分个体评价及群决策方法,构建了适用产品设计的评价问题生成库和评价问题解决方法库。结合产品设计评价的特点,采用群体决策的思想,构建出包括对话、数据、模型三个模块的群决策支持系统框架。建立基于网络的产品设计评价群决策支持系统。它将对辅助决策、改进设计质量具有较高的实用价值。     

Causal modelling as a tool for problem framing within a group decision support system: an object-oriented approach

Abstract. This paper contributes toward the design of intelligent group decision support systems (GDSS). It suggests a GDSS architecture that would enable a group of managers to discuss, learn from each other and possibly develop consensus about decisions or their causes. It shows how an object-oriented approach can be used in producing interactive software to support managerial debate about problem solving. The method uses comprehensive situation mapping causal mapping to represent each manager's perceptions of the relationships between key variables of a firm's strategic situation. The paper presents a prototype implementation and, based on experiences from it, discusses issues concerning future development and use.     

TeamSpirit: Design, implementation, and evaluation of a Web-based group decision support system

Distributed teams can carry out critical tasks with appropriate decision support technologies. The architecture and detailed design of a Web-based GDSS, called TeamSpirit, are discussed to address the challenges of building a Web-based GDSS. A series of empirical studies are reported to assess the effectiveness of TeamSpirit in supporting distributed group problem solving when in-person facilitation is not possible. Results indicate that giving creative problem solving training to TeamSpirit participants had positive impacts on team performance. Users who received brief TeamSpirit training were able to design and facilitate virtual meetings by themselves and achieved better team performance than control groups.     

洽谈支持系统(NSS)及其成功的关键

本文讨论了NSS与DSS和GDSS间的区别,描述了NSS 的一般特征和设计NSS时所应注意的几个关键问题,并对这些问题逐一进行了分析,指出了应采取的措施。     

基于EJB的开放式群体决策支持系统的分析与实现

群体决策支持系统结合了通信、计算机和决策技术来支持群体会议中的问题产生和解决。该文讨论了在群体研讨时，可以根据不同的情况来选择研讨的工具和环境的群决策系统。系统使用EJB技术来开发开放式群决策系统。主要集中在整个过程中程序复用问题的解决上。     

Examining the conflicting results of GDSS research

The growing interest in group decision support systems (GDSS) was supported by, and gave rise to, a burgeoning academic literature on GDSS during the 1980s. However, GDSS research is now rare. One possible reason is the difference between field experience and many experimental studies. Another reason is that GDSS research over the past years mainly focused on decision rooms. The important question posed is: what are the reasons for the conflicting results of GDSS research? The contradictory findings among GDSS studies are indeed a problem if academic research is to be applied effectively in business settings. Now that group collaborative support is becoming more widespread, it is natural to wish to achieve a better understanding of the implications for organizations in their adoption of GDSS. Thus, this study systematically reviews existing GDSS studies and explores the probable reasons for inconsistent findings.     

GDSS' formative fundaments

A hermeneutic analysis of current group decision support systems (GDSS) is undertaken, interpreting their functionality, motivations, and usage to uncover theoretical/philosophical bases. GDSS treat decision making as a rational aggregation-and-selection of options (take a given) and support it as a production task conducted as if participants were remotely distributed. Employing avenue framework, this is analyzed as evidence for consistent, fundamentalcognitivism andobjectivism deriving from relevant historical influences. The contextualization and dialogic interaction (give and take) undervalued or ignored in current GDSS are identified as key issues for work toward constructively augmenting such systems.This interpretive analysis, originally appearing as Chapter 2 in Whitaker (1992), was developed at Umeå Universitet (Sweden) with guidance (and insightful challenges) from Professor Kristo Ivanov and Professor Emeritus Hans-Erik Nissen, to whom the author is grateful. The transformation of that material into a standalone article was greatly facilitated by the cogent comments of this journal's reviewers, to whom this author is similarly grateful.     

基于Web Services的GDSS框架的研究

分析了群体决策支持系统(GDSS)和Web Services的技术特点。现有的GDSS存在许多缺陷，不能充分利用已有的各种资源，开发周期长，系统结构不灵活。Web Services是一套基于Web的分布式对象技术的标准。针对已有的GDSS的局限性，通过将Web Services技术与GDSS相结合，提出了一个基于Web Services的GDSS框架。利用此框架可以方便地实现网络资源的整合和组件重用，快速、高效地开发出实用的GDSS。     

群体决策支持系统中的管理和协调Agent及其应用研究

本文概要的介绍了目前网络环境下智能Agent技术在群体决策支持系统(GDSS)中的运用，并给出了一个应用于GDSS的Agent的具体实例，即在GDSS中使用管理和协调Agent来代替传统的群体协助人管理决策过程，协调各群体成员的通信交流，使GDSS更加独立化和智能化。     

Evolution in Groups: A Genetic Algorithm Approach to Group Decision Support Systems

Certain tasks undertaken by groups using Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS) can be viewed as search problems. These tasks involve arriving at a solution or decision where the problem is complex enough to warrant the use of computerized decision support tools. For these types of GDSS tasks, we propose to model the information exchange and convergence toward a solution by the group as a simple genetic algorithm. The simple genetic algorithm is a generalized search technique that is based on the principles of evolution and natural selection. Simply put, the best points in the current population are more likely to be selected and combined through genetic operators to determine new points. We propose that groups using GDSS to address certain tasks behave like a simple genetic algorithm in the manner in which possible solutions are generated, enhanced and altered in attempting to reach a decision or consensus.     

基于MAS的通信指挥分布式智能GDSS开发研究

该文在分析通信指挥决策特点的基础上,结合通信指挥决策的体系、流程和内容,立足面向功能的Agent设计思想,构建了多Agent系统（MAS）共同实现通信指挥的决策功能,给出了基于MAS的通信指挥分布式智能群体决策支持系统（GDSS）的系统体系结构、水平体系结构、逻辑体系结构的各部分组成及功能,并对系统实现的协同机制、驱动方式、裁决模式和知识学习等关键技术进行了探讨。     

基于讨论原理模型的群体决策支持系统的分析与改进

讨论原理模型(DiscussionRationaleModel,DRM)在群体决策支持系统中的应用具有重要意义。以系统化的决策过程为背景,对基于DRM的GDSS进行了分析,并指出了其不足之处。进一步提出了一种改进方法,将讨论原理模型与多准则决策方法相结合来支持方案的选择,以支持群体决策过程,具有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Web-enabled strategic GDSS, e-democracy and Arrow's theorem: A Bayesian perspective

Web-technologies bring the possibility of supporting geographically and temporally dispersed decision making. However, although technically feasible, it is not clear that there are valid methodologies for the use of web-based group decision support (wGDSS). Many approaches to decision support are driven by the perspective of a single decision maker. Yet there are many reasons to expect that the extension of individualistic theories to a group context will be fraught with difficulty. This paper explores these issues and considers the way forward for the design and use of wGDSS and for a more substantive approach to participative e-democracy.     

Group decision support systems

Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS) has been a rapidly emerging field of the 1980's. Whereas conventional Decision Support Systems (DSS) help individual decision makers, GDSS are designed to help groups of senior management and professional groups reach concensus. The paper focuses on one type of GDSS, a decision room in which computers and communications are used by participants during their deliberations. The paper introduces the concepts of private work, public screen, and chauffeur. It then discusses how software and hardware are used in current GDSS. Practical experience has mostly been in laboratory setting. The paper describes existing facilities and reports on the experimental evidence thus far. Special attention is given to the potentials of using gaming and the opportunity for research replication. Although it is not yet possible to prove that GDSS will be viable in the long-term, some potential directions of change can be anticipated if GDSS proves successful.     

基于Multi-Agent的群体决策支持系统结构研究

在针对传统的群体决策支持系统框架的基础上,本文结合Internet平台和Agent技术,提出了一种基于Multi-agent的群体决策支持系统结构框架,重点介绍了框架的结构和系统流程.     

The effects of a group decision support system on culturally diverse and culturally homogeneous group decision making

Considerable research has been conducted over the last decade on the effects of using Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS) in group decision making. Studies have examined the influence of GDSS on such variables as group task, size, quality of decision, and satisfaction with the process. However, only a few studies have focused on the use of GDSS and its interaction with group composition. This study compared the effects of group decision making, both with and without GDSS technology, on culturally diverse and homogeneous groups. Group performance was measured by the number of non-redundant, realistic ideas and the quality of solution produced in response to posed problems. The GDSS used in the study was Vision Quest. Groups using it, regardless of cultural make up, developed a significantly higher number of non-redundant, realistic ideas than groups that did not. Furthermore, among groups using the GDSS, culturally diverse groups produced a significantly higher number of non-redundant, realistic ideas than homogeneous groups that used the GDSS. Implications for diversity management and group support research are suggested.     

群决策支持系统通信部件的研究与实现

群体间通信问题是群决策支持系统(group decision support system,简称GDSS)研究中所要考虑的一个重要问题.目前,实现群体间通信主要采用通用的群件产品,但这类产品协调通信慢,灵活性差,且不易集成,不适合应急GDSS的协同通信.为了寻找一种应急GDSS快速协调性通信的方式,该文研究了一种混合式GDSS网络通信结构,在重点分析GDSS协调性通信功能的基础上提出一种新的基于TCP/IP协议的GDSS 通信协议——GDSSTP(GDSS transmission protocol),给     

Anonymous mechanisms in group decision support systems communication

Using group decision support systems (GDSS) as a backdrop, this paper looks at the issues surrounding anonymity, with particular emphasis on how it may be achieved. Ensuring anonymity requires more than simple encryption. Anonymity is viewed as a composite of three types of anonymity—environmental, content-based and procedural. Each type is investigated and procedures developed to improve the anonymity of the system. Behavioral and operational costs are identified for each of the three types of anonymity. For some meetings, the benefits of supporting anonymous communication may not justify the costs. Mechanisms providing complete procedural anonymity in various system configurations are presented. It is shown that five separate mechanisms can be used to provide procedural anonymity. The impact of relaxing each of these mechanisms is also investigated. Even though a system provides anonymity, participants may be skeptical. This skepticism can reduce the overall efficiency of the group. For this reason it is important to be able to convince groups that their comments are indeed anonymous. The issue of how to convince individuals that their anonymity is secure is discussed and a partial solution to this problem is presented.     

The integration of ergonomics into design—A review

Abstract

This paper examines the role of ergonomics in product and systems design. Market requirements as well as legislation have increased the use of ergonomics in design. This has increased the demands upon both ergonomists and designers. The ergonomist must learn to participate in the product development team. In return the design team must find the time and resources necessary for the inclusion of ergonomics in the development programme. This paper discusses the different roles played by the ergonomist in each stage of product and systems design. The need to give designers, engineers and management a fundamental education in ergonomics is highlighted as is the need for the ergonomist to consider the financial consequences of his work.