新型咔唑取代齐聚芴的合成及其性能

碘代芴中间体在碱性条件下与咔唑发生偶联反应,合成了两种新型的有机小分子发光材料2-咔唑-9,9-二丁基芴(CZF)与2,7-二咔唑-9,9-二丁基芴(DCZF),其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和MS表征。采用FL, UV-Vis和TGA研究了CZF和DCZF的性能。结果表明：CZF和DCZF溶液与固体的荧光发射峰分别位于360 nm, 368 nm和370 nm, 389 nm, DCZF在390 nm和410 nm处存在两个较宽肩峰。CZF和DCZF的热稳定性较好,热分解温度分别为350 ℃和420 ℃。     

新型双氨类发光材料的合成与性能研究

以3-溴-9,9-二甲基芴为原料,通过Buchwald-Hartwig偶联反应合成了一种新化合物N,N′-二(联苯-4-基)-N,N′-二(9,9-二甲基芴-3-基)-9-苯基咔唑-2,7-二胺(2),其结构和性能经FL, UV-Vis, ¹H NMR, GC-MS(EI),元素分析和TG-DSC表征。结果表明：2具有较好的热稳定性和较高的玻璃化温度,失重5%的温度为452 ℃,玻璃化温度为176 ℃;在425 nm波长激发下,2在445 nm处发出较强荧光(蓝光)。     

9,9-二辛基芴的电化学聚合

在三氟化硼乙醚(BFEE)中, 9,9-二辛基芴可以直接阳极氧化制备高质量聚(9,9-二辛基芴)膜, 其电导率为1×10^－2 S/cm. 9,9-二辛基芴在BFEE中的起始氧化电位为1.25 V vs. SCE, 低于单体在0.1 mol/L Bu₄NBF₄的乙腈溶液体系中的起始氧化电位(1.52 V vs. SCE). BFEE中获得的聚(9,9-二辛基芴)膜具有良好的电化学性质. 聚合物部分溶于氯仿、四氢呋喃、二甲基亚砜等极性溶剂. FTIR和¹H NMR表明聚合反应主要发生在2,7位. 荧光光谱表明聚合物是一种良好的蓝色荧光物质.     

主链含有非共轭结构的聚芴类蓝光聚合物的合成与性能研究

通过Suzuki偶合反应合成出了主链中含有非共轭烷氧基组分(-O-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-)的聚芴类衍生物聚- 2,7-(9,9-二辛基芴)-co-4,4’-丁氧基二苯(PFP)和聚-2,7-(9,9-二辛基芴)-co-4,4’-丁氧基二苯-co-N-苯基-4,4’-二苯胺(PFTP11)并通过相同的条件合成出主链由芴和三苯胺交替相连的聚合物聚-2,7-(9,9-二辛基芴)-co-N-苯基-4,4’-二苯胺(PFTPA)作为参比材料. 通过1H NMR和FT-IR分析对这些聚合物的化学结构进行了表征. 这三种聚合物在常用的有机溶剂中具有很好的溶解性, 可通过溶液加工的方式制备聚合物薄膜. 这些聚合物均具有较高的热分解温度(＞400 ℃), 聚合物PFP具有较高的玻璃化转变温度(～130 ℃)而PFTP11和PFTPA则未出现明显的玻璃化转变过程. 通过对聚合物的吸收特性进行测试得知它们具有较大的光学带宽(2.89～3.29 eV). 所有聚合物在固体薄膜状态下均发射出蓝色荧光, PFP, PFTP11和PFTPA的最大PL发射分别位于425, 437和440 nm. 通过对其电化学性能进行测试可知由于三苯胺基团的引入聚合物的HOMO能级明显提高, 这意味着聚合物的空穴传输能力得到了有效的改善.     

9,9-二(十六烷基)芴基二聚炔铂、金和汞配合物的合成与性质

用Hagihara脱氢卤代法合成了三种新的9,9-二(十六烷基)芴基二聚炔铂(d⁸)、金和汞(d¹⁰)化合物反式- [Pt(Ph)(PEt₃)₂C≡CRC≡CPt(Ph)(PEt₃)₂, [(PPh₃)AuC≡CRC≡CAu(PPh₃)]和[MeHgC≡CRC≡CHgMe] [R＝9,9-二(十六烷基)芴基]. 用¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, ³¹P NMR, FT-IR, FAB-MS, UV-Vis, 荧光和磷光光谱对其进行了表征. 结果表明, 体系中的铂、金和汞产生的重原子效应可以有效地促进单线激发态S₁与三线激发态T₁的系间跃迁, 使标题化合物产生有机三线态发光.     

含芴聚亚胺酮的合成与表征

以4,4'-(9-芴基-9,9-二基)二苯胺和含羰基的二溴化合物为单体,通过钯催化的Buchwald-Hartwig交叉偶联反应,缩聚合成了3种不同结构的含芴聚亚胺酮(1a～1c),其结构经UV-Vis, 荧光光谱,1H NMR, IR和热分析表征.分析结果表明,1的重均分子量5×104,分子量分散系数3.0,玻璃化转变温度250 ℃,热分解温度520 ℃.1在二甲基乙酰胺中的UV-Vis最大吸收波长271 nm和369 nm,最大荧光发射波长491 nm和522 nm.     

芴衍生物的合成、结构与蓝色(λmax=418nm)双光子荧光

分别以二苯胺和咔唑为端基,以芴为共轭桥, 合成了两个对称型芴衍生物:2,7-二-(N,N-二苯胺基)-9,9-二乙基芴[2,7-bis(N,N-diphenylamino)-9,9-diethyl-fluorene,简称DPDEF]和2,7-二咔唑基-9,9-二乙基芴(2,7-dicarbazol-9'-yl-9,9-diethyl-fluorene,简称DCDEF).用四圆X射线衍射方法测定了其晶体结构.DPDEF单晶属于单斜晶系,C2/c空间群.晶胞参数:a=2.8649(4) nm, b=0.85111(9) nm, c=2.7012(4) nm, β=100.982(11)º, V=6.4657(14) nm³, Z=8, D_c=1.144 g·cm^-3, R=0.0581. DCDEF单晶属于单斜晶系,P2₁/c空间群.晶胞参数:a=0.92794(12) nm, b=0.88561(9) nm, c=3.7236(4) nm, β=96.914(9)º, V=3.0378(6) nm³, Z=4, D_c=1.208 g*cm^-3, R=0.0652.晶体中DPDEF和DCDEF的芴桥具有很好的平面性,构成芴桥的两个苯环平面之间的夹角分别仅为3.0º和5.8º.在波长为730 nm的飞秒脉冲激光激发下,化合物DPDEF在THF中发出强的蓝色双光子上转换荧光(λ_max=418 nm),测得双光子吸收截面为15 GM.     

一种基于三苯胺类共轭聚合物荧光信号开启的汞离子检测方法

通过Suzuki反应合成出主链中含9,9-二(4-二苯胺基苯基)-3,6-芴的蓝光共轭聚合物—聚[2,7-(9,9-二辛基芴)-co-3,6-(9,9-二三苯胺基芴)] (36PFT).36PFT可特异地与I-相互作用,并淬灭36PFT的荧光.当I-的浓度为0.24 mmol/L时,36PFT的荧光淬灭程度可达95％,...     

B-[9,9-双(4-甲基苯基)-9H-芴-2-基]硼酸的合成工艺优化

以2-溴-9-芴酮为原料,经亲核加成、取代、氧化还原、氧化反应合成B-[9,9-双(4-甲基苯基)-9H-芴-2-基]硼酸,其结构经¹H NMR确证。采用响应面法重点对氧化还原步骤进行优化。确定较优合成条件为：反应时间5.4 h,催化剂用量为0.4 eq.,反应温度为108 ℃,目标产物收率92.15%,相对误差0.54%。      

N-(9,9-二苯基-9H-芴-2-基)-N,9-二苯基-9H-咔唑-2-胺的合成

以邻溴硝基苯为起始原料,经Suzuki偶联反应、Cadogan关环反应、Ullmam反应、Buchwald反应等合成了目标产物N-(9,9-二苯基-9H-芴-2-基)-N,9-二苯基-9H-咔唑-2-胺,其结构经¹H NMR、 ¹³C NMR和HR-MS(ESI)确证,并采用TG-DSC、 UV-Vis对产物的热稳定性能和光学性能进行了研究。      

Synthesis of regio- and stereoselective alkoxy-substituted spirobifluorene derivatives for blue light emitting materials

Three new octyloxy substituted spirobifluorenes, 2,7-diphenyl-3′,6′-bis(octyloxy)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (DPBSBF, 1a), 2,7-dibiphenyl-3′,6′-bis(octyloxy)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (DBBSBF, 1b) and 2,7-diterphenyl-3′,6′-bis(octyloxy)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (DTBSBF, 1c) were prepared. All the compounds had been fully characterized by ¹H and ¹³C NMR, UV-Vis, DSC, mass spectrometry and gave satisfactory elemental analyses. They possessed good solubility in common organic solvents and good homogeneous film formation. The optical energy band gap of DBBSBF was 3.27 eV between the HOMO energy level, 5.85 eV, measured by UPS and the LUMO, 2.58 eV, calculated from absorption spectrum. A blue organic light emitting diode (OLED) based on the structure of ITO/TPD (60 nm)/DBBSBF (40 nm)/Alq₃ (20 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (100 nm) showed good performance. The luminance of 3125 cd/m² was observed at a drive voltage of 12.8 V and the colour coordinate in CIE chromaticity was (0.14, 0.12). The external quantum efficiency was obtained to be 2.8% at 100 cd/m².     

New pyrimidine- and fluorene-containing oligo(arylene)s: synthesis, crystal structures, optoelectronic properties and a theoretical study

New pyrimidine containing oligo(arylene)s, notably the pyrimidine-fluorene hybrid systems 13-16, have been synthesised by Suzuki cross-coupling methodology. An efficient synthesis of the key reagent 9,9-dihexylfluorene-2,7-diboronic acid 10 from 2,7-dibromo-9,9-dihexylfluorene 9 is reported. Cross-coupling of 10 with two equivalents of 2-bromopyrimidine, 5-bromopyrimidine and 2,5-dibromopyrimidine gave 2,7-bis(2-pyrimidyl)-9,9-dihexylfluorene 13. 2,7-bis(5-pyrimidyl)-9,9-dihexylfluorene 14 and 2,7-bis(5-bromo-2-pyrimidyl)-9,9-dihexylfluorene 15 in 23-34% yields. A further two-fold Suzuki reaction of benzeneboronic acid with compound 15 gave 2,7-bis(5-phenyl-2-pyrimidyl)-9,9-dihexylfluorene 16 (35% yield). Ab initio calculations of the geometries and electronic structures at the Hartree Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) levels of theory are reported for compounds 13, 14 and 16 (with ethyl substituents replacing hexyl) and for their dipyrazinyl and bistetraazenyl analogues, 17, 18, 20 and 21. The heterocyclic nitrogen atoms of 13 and 16 facilitate planarisation of the system, compared to 14, which is in agreement with X-ray structural data obtained for 5-bromo-2-phenylpyrimidine 6, 2,5-diphenylpyrimidine 7 and compound 15. Bistetrazenyl derivative 21 is calculated to be a fully planar system. The cyclic voltammogram (CV) of compound 16 in dichloromethane solution shows a quasi-reversible oxidation wave at E(1/2)0 = +1.36 V (vs. Ag/Ag+). Compound 13 is a poorer donor with an oxidation observed at Epa = +1.50 V which is in good agreement with the difference in the energies of their HOMO orbitals calculated at both HF and DFT levels of theory (0.11-0.12 eV). For compound 14 we were not able to measure an Eox potential which should lie at much more positive potentials. Compounds 15 and 16 are blue emitters in solution, with photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) of 25% and 85%, respectively. For thin films of 16 the PLQY is reduced to 21%. An OLED using compound 16 as the emissive layer has been fabricated in the configuration ITO/PEDOT/16/Ca/Al: blue-green light (lambda max 500 nm) most likely emanating primarily from excimer states is emitted at a high turn-on voltage.     

N,N’-二苯基-N,N’-二(9,9-二甲基芴-2-基)-9-己基-(4,4’-二胺基苯基)咔唑的合成方法及表征

以2,7-二溴咔唑为原料经过N-烷基化、Suzuki偶联反应、Buchwald-Hartwig偶联反应合成了有机发光二极管(OLED)空穴传输材料N,N’-二苯基-N,N’-二(9,9-二甲基芴-2-基)-9-己基-(4,4’-二胺基苯基)咔唑,利用NMR、IR和熔点等分析方法对产物结构进行了表征,并通过TG、UV-Vis及荧光光谱研究了物质的热稳定性和光学性能。     

Syntheses of Conjugated Polymers for Photonics

Summary: By the Suzuki coupling reaction of 9,9-dioctyl-2,7-bis(1,3,2-dioxaborinan-2-yl)fluorene ( I ) and 3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl 2,5-dibromobenzenesulfonate ( II ) the alternating poly{[9,9-dioctylfluoren-2,7-diyl]-alt-[2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-phenoxysulfonyl)-1,4-phenylene]} ( III ) was synthesized. Alkaline hydrolysis of III gave a conjugated polyelectrolyte carrying sulfonic acid groups ( IV ). Monomers 2,5-dibromo-3-[2-(pyren-1-yl)vinyl]thiophene and 2,5-dibromo-3-[2-(quinolin-4-yl)vinyl)thiophene were prepared and copolymerized with I to afford poly{[9,9-dioctylfluoren-2,7-diyl]-alt-[3-(2-(pyren-1-yl)vinyl)thiophen-2,5-diyl]} ( V ) and poly{[9,9-dioctylfluoren-2,7-diyl]-alt-[3-(2-(quinolin-4-yl)-vinyl)thiophen-2,5-diyl] ( VI ), respectively. Conjugated backbone of V contains the conjugated pyrene unit in the side chain. Similarly the side chain of VI contains the conjugated quinoline structure unit which can be for instance protonated. By the Suzuki polycondensation reaction of I and of the prepared methyl 3-(2,7-dibromocarbazole-9-yl)propionate ( VII ) the new poly{[9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl]-alt-[9-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)carbazole-2,7-diyl]} ( VIII ) was synthesized and characterized.     

Enhanced performance of field-effect transistors based on C_(60) single crystals with conjugated polyelectrolyte

Contact resistance at the interface between metal electrodes and semiconductors can significantly limit the performance of organic field-effect transistors,leading to a distinct voltage drop at the interface.Here,we demonstrate enhanced performance of n-channel field-effect transistors based on solution-grown C_(60) single-crystalline ribbons by introducing an interlayer of a conjugated polyelectrolyte(CPE) composed of poly[(9,9-bis(3'-((N,N-dimethyl)-N-ethylamnionium)-propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)]dibromide(PFN~+Br~-).The PFN~+Br~-interlayer greatly improves the charge injection.Consequently,the electron mobility is promoted up to 5.60 cm~2V~(-1) s~(-1) and the threshold voltage decreased dramatically with the minimum of4.90 V.     

Synthesis and properties of conjugated copolycondensates consisting of carbazole‐2,7‐diyl and fluorene‐2,7‐diyl

Carbazole and fluorene‐based random and alternating copolycondensates were synthesized to develop high‐performance blue light‐emitting polymers by improving electron injection ability of poly(N‐aryl‐2,7‐carbazole)s that showed intense blue electroluminescence (EL) with good hole‐injection and ‐transport ability. These copolycondensates absorbed light energy at about λ_max = 390 nm in CHCl₃ and 400 nm in film state, and fluoresced at about λ_max = 417 nm in CHCl₃ and 430 nm in the thin film state. Energy gaps between highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of them were about 2.9 eV, and the energy levels of LUMO situated lower than that of corresponding polycarbazole. Polymer light‐emitting diode devices having configuration of indium tin oxide/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate)/polymer/CsF/Al using the copolycondensates, poly(N‐arylcarbazole‐2,7‐diyl), and poly(9,9‐dialkylfluorene‐2,7‐diyl), emitted bluish EL at operating voltages lower than 7 V. The device embedded the random copolycondensate showed notably higher performance with maximum luminance of 31,200 cd m^?2 at 11.0 V, and the current efficiencies observed under operating voltages lower than 7 V were higher than those of the other devices. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012     

Synthesis and characterization of a poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-2,7-fluorene/β-CD)] main chain polyrotaxane

Poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-2,7-fluorene/β-CD)] main chain polyrotaxane was synthesized through organometallic Suzuki coupling by reacting β-cyclodextrin/2,7-dibromofluorene inclusion complex with 9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-bis(trimethyleneborate). The IR, NMR and elemental analysis data support the presence of β-cyclodextrin in the copolymer structure. No glass transition or melting phenomena were detected in DSC curves of the polyrotaxane on the heating run in the 50-250 ° range. As compared with the reference copolymer obtained in the absence of β-cyclodextrin, the rotaxane copolymer is more hygroscopic and soluble in polar/non-polar solvent mixtures. The expected modification of the optical properties of the fluorene copolymer with rotaxane architecture in the main chain was proved by fluorescence and UV-vis spectroscopy and consists in a blue-shifted emission.     

Electroluminescence in alternating copolymers with the acetylene unit

2,7-diethynyl-9,9î-di-n-hexylfluorene and 2,7-dibromo-9,9î-di-n-hexylfluorene were alternately bonded with each other by a Heck reaction to produce poly(9,9î-di-n-hexyl-2,7-fluorenyleneethynylene). The alternating copolymer emitted blue color with the peak maximum at 475 nm on excitation either at 340, 365 or 400 nm. The principal emission maximum shifted to 425 nm on excitation at 340 nm when the polymer was blended with polyvinylcarbazole(PVK). Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) fabricated with the alternating copolymer sandwiched between indium-tin oxide glass and Al emitted a light with the peak maximum at 550 nm. The peak maximum shifted to 425 nm when the copolymer was blended with PVK with the blending ratios between 5 to 20% of the emissive copolymer.     

三氟化硼乙醚溶液中卤代芴的电化学聚合

在三氟化硼乙醚(BFEE)溶液中9-溴芴和9,9-二氯芴可以直接阳极氧化制备聚(9-溴芴)和聚(9,9-二氯芴).单体在BFEE中的起始氧化电位远低于在乙腈体系中的起始氧化电位.聚(9-溴芴)和聚(9,9-二氯芴)均可溶于强极性有机溶剂,如二甲基亚砜、四氢呋喃等,并分别表现出良好的蓝色和黄绿色发光性能,其电导率测定为10-1S/cm.红外光谱和核磁共振波谱表明聚合反应主要发生在2,7位.