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1.
本文在对比了TRMM多卫星降水分析TMPA(TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis)资料和中国643个气象站观测降水量时空分布的基础上,采用2002~2006年夏季TMPA每小时降水量资料,用合成分析和谐波分析的方法研究了青藏高原及其周边地区夏季降水量和降水频率的日变化特征.分析结果表明,平均降水量和降水频率日变化谐波分析的标准振幅显示出青藏高原地区夏季降水具有显著的日变化特征,高原中部地区对流活动日变化最强,其次是高原西南方向的印度半岛地区.谐波分析的位相表明降水量和降水频率最大值出现的时间具有选择性,高原中部降水量最大值多集中在傍晚前后,高原以东的四川盆地通常在夜晚,尤其是在后半夜达到最大值,而长江上游和中下游地区对流活动则分别在上午和下午最为活跃.青藏高原以东地区降水量日变化的位相明显不同于其他陆地地区,也不同于高原中部,具有自西向东传播的信号,四川盆地的夜雨现象可能是高原地区对流活动日变化自西向东传播的结果.  相似文献   

2.
大气角动量和日长间周年项变化的差异   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
  相似文献   

3.
王东阡  张耀存 《地球物理学报》2012,55(08):2498-2507
本文利用Final Global Data Assimilation System (FNL) 6小时再分析数据集分析了西南低空急流的日变化特征及其影响因子,结果表明:西南低空急流具有明显的日变化特征,在夜间和早晨(02LST,08LST)中国东南大部分地区急流发生频率较高,而在白天和傍晚(14LST,20LST)低空急流发生频率较低.经向地转风分量在一天内基本保持稳定,经向非地转分量在02LST最强,占实际风场强度50%以上,而在14LST和20LST,经向风场近似满足地转平衡.对风场非定常性、风速在流动方向上的非均匀性、流线弯曲和大气斜压性产生的地转偏差的分析结果表明,经向非地转风的日变化主要是由局地变压、水平风场涡度、垂直运动和温度梯度的日变化产生,副热带高压强度和位置的变化、青藏高原大地形加热效应和昼夜间海陆热力性质差异是造成经向非地转风夜间加强的重要原因.在中国东部地区,风速在流动方向的非均匀性虽然有利于非地转风的产生,但其没有明显的日变化,不是经向非地转风在夜间加强的主要原因.  相似文献   

4.
中国东部西南低空急流日变化特征及其机制   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
本文利用Final Global Data Assimilation System (FNL)6小时再分析数据集分析了西南低空急流的日变化特征及其影响因子,结果表明:西南低空急流具有明显的日变化特征,在夜间和早晨(02LST,08LST)中国东南大部分地区急流发生频率较高,而在白天和傍晚(14LST,20LST)低空急流发生频率较低.经向地转风分量在一天内基本保持稳定,经向非地转分量在02LST最强,占实际风场强度50%以上,而在14LST和20LST,经向风场近似满足地转平衡.对风场非定常性、风速在流动方向上的非均匀性、流线弯曲和大气斜压性产生的地转偏差的分析结果表明,经向非地转风的日变化主要是由局地变压、水平风场涡度、垂直运动和温度梯度的日变化产生,副热带高压强度和位置的变化、青藏高原大地形加热效应和昼夜间海陆热力性质差异是造成经向非地转风夜间加强的重要原因.在中国东部地区,风速在流动方向的非均匀性虽然有利于非地转风的产生,但其没有明显的日变化,不是经向非地转风在夜间加强的主要原因.  相似文献   

5.
云南地区波速比异常图像的南北差异   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
动态追踪了云南地区第4 强震活跃期6 .3 级以上强震前波速比异常图像,显示出明显的南北差异:滇西南的1988 年11 月6 日澜沧- 耿马7 .6 、7 . 2 级和1993 年1 月27 日普洱6 .3 级强震发生在低波速比异常区内; 中缅边境上的1992 年4 月23 日6 .7 、6 .8 级和1995 年7 月12 日孟连西7 .2 级强震发生在低波速比异常区边缘;而滇西北的1996 年2 月3 日丽江7 .0 级、1976 年11 月7 日、12 月14 日宁蒗6 .7 、6 .4 级和滇东的1995 年10 月24 日武定6 .5 级强震却都发生在高波速比异常区内.强震前近震震级 ML 与持续时间震级 MD 的震级差的南北差异也进一步证实了波速比异常的差别.  相似文献   

6.
夏季磁静日中国大陆上空电离层电子浓度变化特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
使用DEMETER卫星上Langmiur探针记录的电子密度(Ne)资料,分析了2007年6月6~20日磁静日中国大陆上空(0°~70°N,60°~120°E)660km高度的Ne变化特征.结果表明,整个研究区域Ne存在明显日变特征.在研究区域内,0°~20°N范围,Ne最大值出现在北京时的12~14时,随着时间推移.峰值幅度衰减;30°~50°N区域内,最大峰值分别出现在20时至次日2时,有些轨道出现双峰值;高纬度上Ne基本平衡在20000cm<'-3>左右.分别计算了30°N、40°N和50°N几个纬度点的时均值,结果显示在中纬度区夜间Ne变化幅度平均高于白天.40°N上Ne在21~22时呈现最大值,300N上Ne在13~14时呈现最大值,50°N基本无大的起伏,都与低纬度地区有明显差异,因此不同纬度之间形态各异,各纬度之间没有统一的背景信息.相邻轨道之间的相关性分析结果表明,与参考轨道相邻近的1~2条轨道相关系数比较高,因此选定2000~4000km范围进行背景场分析研究.  相似文献   

7.
利用中国气象科学研究院气候系统模式CAMS-CSM中大气和陆面的耦合版本进行了土壤湿度和热带太平洋海温异常影响东亚夏季风的数值模拟,探讨了中国东部从长江中下游到华北(YRNC)春季土壤湿度和厄尔尼诺(El Ni?o)在影响夏季东亚环流和中国东部降水中的作用及其机理.结果表明,中国东部春季土壤湿度和El Ni?o海温异常...  相似文献   

8.
2010—2016年南北地震带岩石圈磁场变化分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
冯丽丽 《地震学报》2019,41(2):239-248
利用小波分解对2010—2016年南北地震带(21°N—37°N,97°E—109°E)区域6期岩石圈磁场年变化数据进行处理,并对2011年6月以来该区域发生的M_S≥5.0强震震中区的岩石圈磁场变化空间分布及时间演化特征进行了系统分析。结果显示:震级与岩石圈磁场ΔX,ΔY,ΔZ分量变化的相关系数分别为0.26,-0.26,0.15,即二者无显著相关性;震中处岩石圈磁场分量变化的最大幅值分别为18.46,14.98,-15.54 nT。对岩石圈磁场变化进行小波分解的结果表明:MS7.0地震前两年出现显著基底异常,其尺度可能达到上千千米;M_S6.0地震前一年也出现显著基底异常,但异常尺度较小;M_S5.0地震前尚未观测到明确的基底或中层异常。  相似文献   

9.
青藏高原植被变化与地表热源及中国降水关系的初步分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
利用设在青藏高原的5个自动气象站(AWS)近地层梯度观测资料、归一化植被指数(GIMMS NDVI)和中国624个台站月降水资料,初步分析了青藏高原植被变化与地表热源及中国降水的关系.结果表明:青藏高原植被与地表热源之间存在明显的正相关关系.高原西部感热与NDVI的正相关关系较高原东部显著,而高原东部地表潜热与NDVI的正相关关系则好于高原西部.植被改善后,各季节地表热源以增加为主,尤其夏季,热源增量最大;冬、春季感热对地表热源增量贡献较大,潜热贡献相对较小;夏、秋季感热与潜热对地表热源增量贡献同等重要.青藏高原植被与中国夏季降水相关系数从南到北,呈“+-+”带状分布.植被变化引起的高原地表加热异常可能是影响中国夏季降水的重要因子之一.  相似文献   

10.
全球变暖背景下中亚干旱区降水变化特征及其空间差异   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
依据Climatic Research Unit(CRU)1930~2009年间的最新0.5°×0.5°网格点的月均降水量序列,本文分析了中亚干旱区近80年来的降水变化特征及其区域差异.结果发现,近80年来主要受西风环流控制的中亚干旱区年降水整体上表现出增加趋势,年降水中以冬季降水的增加趋势最明显(0.7mm/10a).中亚干旱区近80年来的降水变化存在空间差异,可划分为五个降水变化区域(Ⅰ-哈萨克斯坦西区,Ⅱ-哈萨克斯坦东区,Ⅲ-中亚平原区,Ⅳ-吉尔吉斯斯坦区,Ⅴ-伊朗高原区),根据年降水分布模式以45°N为界划分为两类:研究区北部的两个区(Ⅰ和Ⅱ区)四季降水较均匀,南部的三个区均以春、冬季降水为主(占全年降水的60%~82%).在降水变化趋势上,除了中亚干旱区西南(Ⅴ区)在近80年来有微弱的减少趋势外,其他四区均表现为增加趋势,尤以干旱区西部的Ⅰ区和Ⅲ区降水增加显著.近80年来降水增加或者减少的趋势主要取决于冬季的变化趋势.研究还发现,中亚干旱区降水存在较明显的年际变化, 中亚干旱区及其各分区都具有2~3 a的显著周期,南部三区(Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ区)还存在5~6 a的显著周期,在此基础上都具有3~4个阶段性的变化趋势.最近一次趋势性变化开始于20世纪70年代中后期,研究区降水更多的表现出区域的差异性.近80年来,中亚干旱区降水对全球变暖的响应复杂,西风环流变化可能是影响中亚干旱区降水变化的主要因素.  相似文献   

11.
While rainfall intermittency is a dynamical phenomenon, little progress has been made in the literature on the link between rainfall intermittency and atmospheric dynamics. We present the basic dynamical models of intermittency that are phenomenologically most similar to rainfall: Pomeau–Manneville Type-III and On–Off. We then illustrate each type with both a 1-D iterative map and a corresponding stochastic process stressing the appearance of these dynamics in high-dimensional (stochastic) systems as opposed to low-dimensional chaotic systems. We show that the pdf of rainfall intensities, the pdf of “laminar phases” (periods of zero rainfall intensity), and the spectrum of the rainfall series all have power-law behavior that is broadly consistent with intermittency in the classic types. Using a seasonal analysis, we find that summer convective rainfall at daily and sub-daily scales seems consistent with features of Type-III intermittency. The correspondence with Type-III intermittency and a preliminary entropic analysis further suggest that rainfall may be an example of sporadic randomness, blending deterministic and stochastic components.  相似文献   

12.
    
The solar cycle induces strong periodicity in processes underlying monthly rainfall totals. Seasonally varying parameters of rainfall distributions can be estimated with reasonable reliability from relatively few years of monthly data. The distribution of annual totals or maxima in terms of these varying parameters can thus be used to predict long term annual characteristics from quite short records. Specification of seasonal variation of parameters as a harmonic process simplifies the derivations. Ignoring seasonal variation in the rainfall process leads to incorrect estimates of long-term extreme rainfalls when using traditional methodology.  相似文献   

13.
昌平台Sacks体应变仪观测曲线年变现象成因研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
张凌空 《中国地震》2005,21(2):254-259
本文系统地研究了北京昌平台Sacks体应变仪观测曲线年动态变化的基本规律,结合井水位、抽水和降雨等实际观测资料,分析后认为,台站附近农田机井季节性抽水和地下水的自然补给是造成体应变年变现象的根本原因,并探讨了体应变与井水位的定量关系和物理机制,同时对地震预测中所关心的“破年变”问题也进行了探讨。  相似文献   

14.
 The need for high resolution rainfall data at temporal scales varying from daily to hourly or even minutes is a very important problem in hydrology. For many locations of the world, rainfall data quality is very poor and reliable measurements are only available at a coarse time resolution such as monthly. The purpose of this work is to apply a stochastic disaggregation method of monthly to daily precipitation in two steps: 1. Initialization of the daily rainfall series by using the truncated normal model as a reference distribution. 2.␣Restructuring of the series according to various time series statistics (autocorrelation function, scaling properties, seasonality) by using a Markov chain Monte Carlo based algorithm. The method was applied to a data set from a rainfall network of the central plains of Venezuela, in where rainfall is highly seasonal and data availability at a daily time scale or even higher temporal resolution is very limited. A detailed analysis was carried out to study the seasonal and spatial variability of many properties of the daily rainfall as scaling properties and autocorrelation function in order to incorporate the selected statistics and their annual cycle into an objective function to be minimized in the simulation procedure. Comparisons between the observed and simulated data suggest the adequacy of the technique in providing rainfall sequences with consistent statistical properties at a daily time scale given the monthly totals. The methodology, although highly computationally intensive, needs a moderate number of statistical properties of the daily rainfall. Regionalization of these statistical properties is an important next step for the application of this technique to regions in where daily data is not available.  相似文献   

15.
LINTRODUCTIONDisastersofdebrisflotvoccurfrequentlyinChina.Mostofthemareinrainstormtype.TherainStormdebrisflowiscausedbyStormrainfallthatinducesastrongStreamflowsonloosematerialsinwatershed.Theeffectsofprecipitationonthedebrisflowareasfollows(ChengduResearchInstituteC;DisasterandEnvironment,1989)f(l)Precipitationacceleratesthematerialsofloosedebristogather,(2)PrecipitationsuPPlywatercomponentofdebrisflow,(3)Precipitationprovidesdynamicconditionsfordebrisflow,(4)Precipitationisatrigg…  相似文献   

16.
湖泊水体的对流混合是最基本的物理过程,其能显著影响湖泊生态系统温室气体等循环,但浅水湖泊水体对流混合的研究鲜有报道.本研究基于太湖(面积2400 km2,平均水深1.9 m)中尺度通量网的原位、高频、连续和多点的观测数据,分析该大型浅水湖泊水体对流混合速率w*的时空特征.结果表明太湖水体w*的均值为2.49 mm/s,因太湖的风速、水温和辐射等物理参数无空间变化,w*也无明显的空间变化.但是研究表明w*呈现显著的昼夜变化和季节变化,且昼夜变化幅度强于季节变化.总体上夜间w*是白天的4倍多,冬季w*(均值1.79 mm/s)明显低于春季(均值2.42 mm/s)、夏季(均值2.91 mm/s)和秋季(均值2.82 mm/s).太湖w*主要受风速和能量收支影响,白天风速是主要驱动因子,夜晚能量收支是主要驱动因子.  相似文献   

17.
Based on observations of runoff plots and field investigations of gully cross-sections, impacts of various soil and water conservation measures on runoff and sediment yield are analyzed for different rainfall conditions. The results show that antecedent rainfall and rainfall intensity are the main factors affecting the runoff and soil erosion processes. Rainfall events with antecedent rainfall can produce high runoff and sediment yield. Large differences in the characteristics of two rainfall events will result in greater variations of total runoff and sediment yield from the same runoff plot. Under the same soil control measure and rainfall condition, soil and water conservation measures can reduce the impacts of antecedent rainfall and rainfall intensity on runoff and soil erosion. Among various measures, level terrace seems to be the greatest for soil conservation purposes. Combining with engineering measures,Vegetation measures is also effective in controlling runoff and soil erosion. In the initial stage of vegetation enclosure measures, engineering measure is necessary to improve the environment for ecological recovery. Gully head protection can control gully erosion effectively, but the effectiveness of gully head protection would be reduced when rainfall intensity increases. Therefore, the design of a gully head protection structure must be based on local hydrological conditions.  相似文献   

18.
    
Understanding the intensity and duration of tropical rain events is critical to modelling the rate and timing of wet‐canopy evaporation, the suppression of transpiration, the generation of infiltration‐excess overland flow and hence to erosion, and to river responsiveness. Despite this central role, few studies have addressed the characteristics of equatorial rainstorms. This study analyses rainfall data for a 5 km2 region largely comprising of the 4 km2 Sapat Kalisun Experimental Catchment in the interior of northeastern Borneo at sampling frequencies from 1 min?1 to 1 day?1. The work clearly shows that most rainfall within this inland, forested area is received during regular short‐duration events (<15 min) that have a relatively low intensity (i.e. less than two 0·2 mm rain‐gauge tips in almost all 5 min periods). The rainfall appears localized, with significant losses in intergauge correlations being observable in minutes in the case of the typical mid‐afternoon, convective events. This suggests that a dense rain‐gauge network, sampled at a high temporal frequency, is required for accurate distributed rainfall‐runoff modelling of such small catchments. Observed rain‐event intensity is much less than the measured infiltration capacities, and thus supports the tenet of the dominance of quick subsurface responses in controlling river behaviour in this small equatorial catchment. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

19.
    
Widespread major flood events in both the UK and Europe over the last decade have focussed attention on perceived increases in rainfall intensities. The changing magnitude of such events may have significant impacts upon many sectors, particularly those associated with flooding, water resources and the insurance industry. Here, two methods are used to assess the performance of the HadRM3H model in the simulation of UK extreme rainfall: regional frequency analysis and individual grid box analysis. Both methods use L-moments to derive extreme value distributions of rainfall for 1-, 2-, 5- and 10-day events for both observed data from 204 sites across the UK (1961–1990) and gridded 50 km by 50 km data from the control climate integration of HadRM3H. Despite differences in spatial resolution between the observed and modelled data, HadRM3H provides a good representation of extreme rainfall at return periods of up to 50 years in most parts of the UK. Although the east–west rainfall gradient tends to be exaggerated, leading to some overestimation of extremes in high elevation western areas and an underestimation in eastern ‘rain shadowed’ regions, this suggests that the regional climate model will also have skill in predicting how rainfall extremes might change under enhanced greenhouse conditions.  相似文献   

20.
Diurnal variations supply only four frequencies with sufficient power to be useful, giving an overall frequency ratio of only 4. Also only permanent observatories supply sufficient accurate data, and their distribution on the Earth is very irregular. More importantly, the assumption implicit in deep conductivity determinations, that the conductivity is a function of depth only, breaks down because of near surface conductivity anomalies.  相似文献   

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