CoNiZ系列合金的结构和马氏体相变性质

利用X射线衍射研究了CoNiZ(Z=Si,Sb,Sn,Ga等)合金在不同热处理条件下的相组成.当Z元素为Sn,Sb时,材料是完全的B2结构;但Z为Si时,材料变成面心立方的γ相.形成B2还是γ相由电子浓度和原子尺寸效应两种因素共同决定.而CoNiGa的研究结果表明,在合金中除了形成B2结构的同时还容易形成γ相,常表现出两相共存的特性.对材料进行不同方式的热处理可以使合金中两相的含量有所消长,γ相含量的多少对CoNiGa合金的马氏体相变有很大的影响.分析指出,两相共存及其所带来的物性变化是CoNiGa铁磁性形状记忆合金非常有利用价值的物理性质.     

铁磁形状记忆合金Co50Ni20Ga30-xSix的结构及物性研究

用Si元素替代CoNiGa合金中的Ga元素后,研究了材料的结构、马氏体相变及其磁性的变化.结果发现,当Si原子的含量在0—10％范围内,材料能够形成体心立方结构,并且具有很好的热弹性马氏体相变行为.进一步研究指出,简单的从掺杂元素的原子半径大小来判断其对奥氏体稳定性的影响是不够的,必须从考虑掺杂原子与基本元素原子半径之间的比例来考虑这一问题.同时还发现Curie温度和饱和磁化强度随着Si含量的上升而有所降低,但是其马氏体的各向异性随着Si含量的增加而增强,这一点对于在合金中获得大磁感生应变具有指导意义. 关键词： 铁磁形状记忆合金 马氏体相变 CoNiGaSi合金     

锰基合金的反铁磁转变与fct马氏体相变内耗

孪晶型阻尼材料已被实际应用,(011)孪晶通过fcc-fct马氏体相变形成,而γMn基合金中,马氏体相变又与合金的反铁磁转变密切相关.因此研究γMn基孪晶型阻尼材料,无疑必须探讨反铁磁转变与一级马氏体相变的之间关系,反铁磁转变和马氏体转变对孪晶形成的作用.本文通对富锰的γMn基合金(Mn-Cu,Mn-Fe,Mn-Ni)的内耗和模量的测量,研究这二类相变在不同材料,不同成分合金中的耦合的机制,以及反铁磁转变和马氏体相变对孪晶形成的作用.结果显示,马氏体相变和反铁磁转变耦合或马氏体相变与孪晶阻尼峰耦合都可以获得材料的高阻尼性能.当锰含量较高时,反铁磁转变和马氏体相变发生耦合,或马氏体相变内耗与孪晶内耗叠加,在室温附近形成高内耗阻尼;当锰含量较低时,马氏体相变温度降到室温以下,反铁磁转变形成的微孪晶亦能产生内耗阻尼峰.     

Si掺杂的铁磁形状记忆合金Co50Ni21Ga29Six的物性研究

成功生长了Co50Ni21Ga29:Si(x=1,2)单晶样品,对其磁性,马氏体相变及其相关性质进行了细致的测量.发现掺si成分的单晶具有非常迅速的马氏体相变行为、2.5%的大相变应变、大于100 ppm的磁感生应变和4.5%的相变电阻.进一步研究指出,CoNiGa合金中掺入适量Si元素,能够降低材料的马氏体相变温度,减小相变热滞后,提高材料的居里温度,并使得磁性原子的磁矩有所降低.尤其重要的是Si元素的添加能够增大材料马氏体的磁晶各向异性能,改善马氏体变体的迁移特性,从而获得更大的磁感生应变.     

Si掺杂的铁磁形状记忆合金Co50Ni21Ga29Six的物性研究

成功生长了Co₅₀Ni₂₁Ga₂₉:Si(x=1,2)单晶样品,对其磁性,马氏体相变及其相关性质进行了细致的测量.发现掺Si成分的单晶具有非常迅速的马氏体相变行为、2.5％的大相变应变、大于100 ppm的磁感生应变和4.5％的相变电阻.进一步研究指出,在CoNiGa合金中掺入适量Si元素,能够降低材料的马氏体相变温度,减小相变热滞后,提高材料的居里温度,并使得磁性原子的磁矩有所降低.尤其重要的是Si元素的添加能够增大材料马氏体的磁晶各向异性能,改善马氏体变体的迁移特性,从而获得更大的磁感生应变. 关键词： 铁磁形状记忆合金 Heusler合金 50Ni₂₁Ga₂₉Si_x')" href="#">Co₅₀Ni₂₁Ga₂₉Si_x     

CuHg_2Ti型Ti_2Cr基合金的电子结构、能隙起源和磁性研究

利用第一性原理计算方法,研究了CuHg2Ti结构下Ti2CrK(K=Sb,Ge,Sn,Sb,Bi)系列合金的电子结构、能隙起源和磁性.研究发现:Ti2CrK(K=Si,Ge)合金是普通半导体材料;Ti2CrK(K=Si,Bi)合金是亚铁磁性半金属材料,其半金属性能隙受到Sb和Bi原子s态的直接影响;Ti2CrSn合金是完全补偿的亚铁磁性半导体.基于Ti2CrSn合金两个自旋方向上的能隙起源不同,通过Si和Ge替换掺杂同族Sn元素调制能隙的宽度,获得了完全补偿亚铁磁性自旋无能隙材料;通过Fe和Mn替换掺杂过渡族Cr元素获得了一系列半金属材料.Ti2Cr1-xFexSn和Ti2Cr1-xMnxSn合金都具有亚铁磁性.所研究的这些半金属性合金的分子磁矩Mtotal与总的价电子数Zt服从Mtotal=Zt-18规则.     

Mg-Sn-Si合金中Mg2(Si,Sn)复合相的结构与性能研究

研究了铸态Mg-Sn-Si合金中Mg₂(Si,Sn)复合相的结构、 特性以及该相对Mg-Sn-Si合金变质作用的影响. 结果表明: Sn原子能取代Mg₂Si中的部分Si生成Mg₂(Si,Sn)复合相, 该三元相与Mg₂Si, Mg₂Sn相的结构相同, 属于面心立方结构, Mg₂(Si,Sn)相的元素含量并不固定, 在Si富集区形成的Mg₂(Si,Sn)相中, Si元素含量高, 在Si贫乏区形成的Mg₂(Si,Sn)相中, Si元素含量低. Si含量较多的Mg₂(Si,Sn)相性能与Mg₂Si相接近, Sn含量较多的Mg₂(Si,Sn)相性能与Mg₂Sn相接近, 实验中发现Mg₂(Si,Sn)复合相的纳米硬度、 弹性模量与维氏硬度等物理性能介于Mg₂Si与Mg₂Sn之间, Mg₂(Si,Sn)相对汉字状Mg₂Si相的变质处理起到桥梁作用. 关键词： Mg-Sn-Si合金 2Si')" href="#">Mg₂Si 2Sn')" href="#">Mg₂Sn 2(Si,Sn)复合相')" href="#">Mg₂(Si,Sn)复合相     

锰基合金的反铁磁转变与fct马氏体相变内耗

孪晶型阻尼材料已被实际应用，（011）孪晶通过fcc-fct马氏体相变形成，而YMn基合金中，马氏体相变又与合金的反铁磁转变密切相关。因此研究YMn基孪晶型阻尼材料，无疑必须探讨反铁磁转变与一级马氏体相变的之间关系，反铁磁转变和马氏体转变对孪晶形成的作用。本文通对富锰的YMn基合金（MnCu，Mn-Fe，Mn-Ni）的内耗和模量的测量，研究这二类相变在不同材料，不同成分合金中的耦合的机制，以及反铁磁转变和马氏体相变对孪晶形成的作用。结果显示，马氏体相变和反铁磁转变耦合或马氏体相变与孪晶阻尼峰耦合都可以获得材料的高阻尼性能。当锰含量较高时，反铁磁转变和马氏体相变发生耦合，或马氏体相变内耗与孪晶内耗叠加，在室温附近形成高内耗阻尼;当锰含量较低时，马氏体相变温度降到室温以下，反铁磁转变形成的微孪晶亦能产生内耗阻尼峰。     

Pd掺杂对NiTi合金马氏体相变和热滞影响的第一性原理研究

一定浓度的Pd掺杂能够有效地提高Ni Ti合金的相变温度,并且降低热滞.为了解其作用机理,采用第一性原理计算方法,对不同Pd掺杂浓度下Ni Ti合金(Ni24-n Pd n Ti24,n=2,3,4,5,6,9,12;掺杂浓度分别为4.2 at.%,6.3 at.%,8.4 at.%,10.4 at.%,12.5 at.%,18.8 at.%,25 at.%)的相稳定性和结构特性进行计算讨论.马氏体相变温度可以通过奥氏体与马氏体两相能量差值进行分析,且能量差越大相变温度越高;相变过程中两相晶格常数之比越接近于1则热滞越接近于0.计算结果表明:当掺杂浓度小于10.4 at.%时,B19′是最稳定的马氏体相,体心四方(BCT)结构与B19′相的能量差随掺杂浓度的增加略有下降;当掺杂浓度大于等于10.4 at.%时,B19相是最稳定的马氏体相,BCT与B19的能量差随着掺杂浓度增加显著升高.这意味着在掺杂浓度大于等于10.4 at.%时相变温度随掺杂浓度的增加而显著增加.用几何模型分析了马氏体相变的热滞,结果表明掺杂浓度为10.4 at.%时B2到B19相的相变过程热滞最小,与实验结果一致.     

Cu含量对Ni_(55)Fe_(18)Ga_(27)合金结构和磁性的影响

系统研究了Cu分别替代Fe和Ni对Ni_(55)Fe_(18)Ga_(27)结构和磁性的影响.结果表明:熔炼Ni_(55)Fe_(18-x)Cu_xGa_(27 )(x=1, 2, 3, 4)虽仍为奥氏体相结构,但伴有γ相出现;居里温度随Cu含量增加而降低,这是由于Cu掺杂引起过渡金属近邻原子间相互交换作用减弱所致;交流磁化率随Cu含量增加而降低,原因在于Fe是磁性的主要贡献者,Cu替代Fe会削弱Fe的磁矩,从而导致合金磁性降低.熔炼、退火和甩带Ni_(51)Cu_4Fe_(18)Ga_(27)均存在马氏体相变.熔炼样品马氏体相变温度最高,退火和甩带样品基本相同.这一特点表明热处理方式能够改变原子排列的有序度,因此可以通过改变热处理方式来调控马氏体相变温度.     

The effect of Si content on the martensitic transfor-mation temperature of Ni55.5e18Ga26.5-xSix alloys

This paper investigates the effects of substitution of Si for Ga on the martensitic transformation behaviours in Ni-Fe-Ga alloys by using optical metallographic microscope and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods. The structure type of Ni_55.5Fe₁₈Ga_26.5-xSi_x alloys is determined by x-ray diffraction (XRD), and the XRD patterns show the microstructure of Ni-Fe-Ga-Si alloys transformed from body-centred tetragonal martensite (with Si content x = 0) to body-centred cubic austenite (with x = 2) at room temperature. The martensitic transformation temperatures of the Ni_55.5Fe₁₈Ga_26.5-xSi_x alloys decrease almost linearly with increasing Si content in the Si content range of x ≤ 3. Thermal treatment also plays an important role on martensitic transformation temperatures in the Ni-Fe-Ga-Si alloy. The valence electronic concentrations, size factor, L2₁ degree of order and strength of parent phase influence the martensitic transformation temperatures of the Ni-Fe-Ga-Si alloys. An understanding of the relationship between martensitic transformation temperatures and Si content will be significant for designing an appropriate Ni-Fe-Ga-Si alloy for a specific application at a given temperature.     

New Heusler alloys with a metamagnetostructural phase transition

Investigations of new ferromagnetic shape-memory Ni-Mn-Z Heusler alloys (Z = In, Sn, Sb) are reviewed. Experimental data are described and explained on the assumption that these alloys undergo a phase transition from the ferromagnetic to the antiferromagnetic state (metamagnetic transition). The results of theoretical studies of the phase diagrams of these alloys are considered with regard to the possible change in the character of magnetic ordering (from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic) and interaction of the structural martensitic transformation with the metamagnetic transition.     

Effect of Sb-doping on martensitic transformation and magnetocaloric effect in Mn-rich Mn_(50)Ni_(40)Sn_(10-x)Sb_x(x=1,2,3,and 4) alloys

We investigate the influence of Sb-doping on the martensitic transformation and magnetocaloric effect in Mn_(50)Ni_(40)Sn_(10-x)Sb_x(x = 1, 2, 3, and 4) alloys. All the prepared samples exhibit a B2-type structure with the space group F m3 m at room temperature. The substitution of Sb increases the valence electron concentration and decreases the unit cell volume. As a result, the magnetostructural transformation shifts rapidly towards higher temperatures as x increases.The changes in magnetic entropy under different magnetic field variations are explored around this transformation. The isothermal magnetization curves exhibit typical metamagnetic behavior, indicating that the magnetostructural transformation can be induced by a magnetic field. The tunable martensitic transformation and magnetic entropy changes suggest that Mn_(50)Ni_(40)Sn_(10-x)Sb_x alloys are attractive candidates for applications in solid-state refrigeration.     

Martensitic transformation of TiNiPd high-temperature shape memory alloys: A first-principles study

Heat of formation, elastic property and electronic structure of TiNiPd high-temperature shape memory alloys have been investigated by first-principles calculations using the pseudopotentials plane-wave method. The results show that the heat of formation difference between austenite and martensite plays an important role in the martensitic transformation. The effect of Pd content on the martensitic transformation temperature and transformation type is clarified based on the elastic constants of the B2 phases. High martensitic transformation temperature can be attributed to a low shear resistance C′. Furthermore, the mechanism of the effect of Pd addition on elastic constants is explained on the basis of the electronic structure.     

Electronic structures and magnetisms of the Co_2TiSb_(1-x)Sn_x(x= 0, 0.25, 0.5) Heusler alloys: A theoretical study of the shape-memory behavior

The total energy, electronic structures, and magnetisms of the Al Cu2Mn-type Co2TiSb1-xSnx(x = 0, 0.25, 0.5) with the different lattice parameter ratios of c/a are studied by using the first-principles calculations. It is found that the phase transformation from the cubic to the tetragonal structure lowers the total energy, indicating that the martensitic phase is more stable and that a phase transition from austenite to martensite may happen at a lower temperature. Thus, a ferromagnetic shape memory effect can be expected to occur in these alloys. The Al Cu2Mn-type Co2TiSb1-xSnx(x = 0, 0.25, 0.5) alloys are weak ferrimagnets in the austenitic phase and martensitic phase.     

Electronic, magnetic and transport properties of Co2TiZ (Z=Si, Ge and Sn): A first-principle study

We have studied the electronic structure, magnetic and transport properties of some Co based full Heusler alloys, namely Co₂TiZ (Z=Si, Ge and Sn), in the frame work of first-principle calculations. The calculations show that Co₂TiZ (X=Si, Ge and Sn) are to be half-metallic compounds with a magnetic moment of 2 μ_B, well consistent with the Slater-Pauling rule. The electronic structure results reveal that Co₂TiZ has the high density of states at the Fermi energy in the majority-spin state and show 100% spin polarization. Our results also suggest that both the electronic and magnetic properties in these compounds are intrinsically related to the appearance of the minority-spin gap. The origin of energy gap in the minority-spin states is discussed in terms of the electron splitting of Z (Z=Si, Ge and Sn) and 3d Co atoms and also the d-d hybridization between the Co and Ti atoms. The transport properties of these materials are discussed on the basis of Seebeck coefficients, electrical conductivity coefficients and thermal conductivity coefficients.     

Phase transitions and thermal expansion in Ni<Subscript>51–<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>Mn<Subscript>36 + <Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>Sn<Subscript>13</Subscript> alloys

Thermal expansion and structural and magnetic phase transitions in alloys of the Ni–Mn–Sn system have been investigated. The spontaneous martensitic transformation in Ni_51–xMn_{36 + x}Sn₁₃ (0 ≤ x ≤ 3) alloys is found to be accompanied by high jumps in the temperature dependences of the linear thermal expansion. The relative change in the linear sizes of these alloys at the martensitic transformation is ~1.5 × 10^–3. There are no anomalies in the magnetic-ordering temperature range in the temperature dependences of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion. The differences in the behavior of linear thermal expansion at the martensitic transformation in Ni_51–xMn_{36 + x}Sn₁₃ (0 ≤ x ≤ 3) and Ni₄₇Mn₄₀Sn₁₃(x = 4) alloys have been established.