缺口状态对SiC／LY12复合材料短纹疲劳行为的影响

研究峰值时效状态下ＳｉＣ／ＬＹ１２复合材料及ＬＹ１２铝合金不同缺口状态下的敌裂纹扩展行为，结果表明：在尖缺口及钝缺口状态下，短裂纹扩展的均表现为“马鞍”型特征；尖缺口下，ＳｉＣ不利于材料疲劳性能，钝缺口下，ＳｉＣ有利于材料疲劳性能，用闭合效应和缺口根部塑性区大小解释了缺口状态对短裂纹扩展的影响。     

Al—Li合金缺口疲劳短裂纹行为的研究

研究了不同时效状态的Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金短裂纹的扩展规律，缺口曲率半径对短裂纹扩展规律的影响，在相同的时效温度下，裂纹扩展速率ｄａ／ｄＮ随时效时间增加而加快，钝缺口萌生裂纹的ｄａ／ｄＮ在缺口应力场内变化不大，然后随着应力强度因子的增加而逐渐变大，而锐缺口萌生裂纹的ｄａ／ｄＮ在裂纹萌生后很快下降到最小值，然后又逐渐回升。     

Al－Li合金缺口疲劳短裂纹行为的研究

研究了不同时效状态的Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金短裂纹的扩展规律，缺口曲率半径对短裂纹扩展规律的影响．在相同的时效温度下，裂纹扩展速率ｄａ／ｄＮ随时效时间增加而加快；钝缺口萌生裂纹的ｄａ／ｄＮ在缺口应力场内变化不大，然后随着应力强度因子的增加而逐渐变大，而锐缺口萌生裂纹的ｄａ／ｄＮ在裂纹萌生后很快下降到最小值，然后又逐渐回升．     

2D-C_f/SiC复合材料缺口试件拉伸力学行为研究

通过对V型、半圆型和细线型双边缺口2D-Cf/SiC复合材料试件进行拉伸实验,研究了不同形状缺口对试件拉伸力学行为的影响。通过引伸计获得了拉伸过程中缺口段材料整体拉伸变形与净截面应力之间的对应关系;通过应变片获得了缺口附近局部材料的应变数值,直观体现了缺口周围的应变集中现象;依据应变变化规律,分析了双边缺口试件的损伤失效进程。通过对比标准拉伸试件,全面分析了2D-Cf/SiC复合材料双边缺口试件拉伸净强度的主要影响因素和破坏机理;最后通过有限元模拟,得到了三种缺口试件缺口段材料的应变分布情况。结果表明:拉伸过程中缺口试件缺口段材料损伤失效进程具有明显的非同步性,净拉伸强度随缺口形状不同出现不同程度下降;有限元模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

SiC颗粒体积分数对SiCp/Al复合材料疲劳裂纹扩展的影响

本文通过对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的测试和对疲劳裂纹扩展路径及疲劳断口的观察分析,研完了SiC颗粒体积分数对SiCp/Al复合材料疲劳裂纹扩展的影响.结果表明:随着SiC颗粒体积分数的增加,复合材料疲劳裂纹扩展抗力增加,但只有SiC颗粒体积分数为15％时,复合材料的疲劳裂纹扩展抗力才优于基体.      

2D-C/SiC缺口试样的拉-拉疲劳损伤

研究了二维正交编织C/SiC双边对称圆弧缺口试样室温和高温真空的拉拉疲劳行为,正弦波疲劳应力比R=0.1,频率60Hz,循环基数106次.循环到规定周次停机,测量试样的共振频率、电阻,并进行SEM观察.结果表明,2D-C/SiC复合材料缺口试样拉-拉疲劳的S-N曲线非常平坦,其疲劳极限是同温度下缺口试样拉伸强度的80%～90%,光滑试样和缺口试样的疲劳极限比值与理论应力集中系数基本相同.缺口试样在疲劳过程中,电阻表征损伤与模量表征损伤的规律基本一致.在疲劳试验初期阶段,缺口附近损伤发展很快,主要表现为产生大量与加载方向垂直的裂纹,随着疲劳次数的增加,损伤发展减缓,但损伤形式逐渐增多,缺口附近与加载方向垂直的裂纹数量明显多于平行加载方向的裂纹数.讨论了电阻表征损伤和模量表征损伤之间的关系.     

LY12CZ铝合金短裂纹行为的微观扩展机制研究

通过扫描电镜、透射电镜、光学金相等手段对ＬＹ１２ＣＺ铝合金疲劳短裂纹的微观机制进行了分析研究,结果表明,材料的微观组织对短裂纹扩展行为有很大的影响。     

C/SiC复合材料的氧化对其内耗行为的影响

通过分析C/SiC在高温(1250、1300和1350℃)空气氧化过程中质量、强度、物相、气孔率、微观形貌演变规律,并同时采用动态热机械分析仪测得内耗的变化趋势,研究了氧化对其内耗行为的影响规律,进而为以内耗表征复合材料的氧化行为奠定基础.为明确C/SiC各组元在氧化与内耗行为对应关系中所发挥的作用,进一步研究了SiC陶瓷在1300℃、空气中的氧化与内耗行为之间的对应关系.结果表明:SiC陶瓷氧化对其内耗行为的影响规律不明显且影响程度较弱;C/SiC在氧化过程中的内耗行为受C相的氧化损伤控制,且作用规律明显,其内耗保持率曲线均出现峰值,其中1250、1300和1350℃的峰值分别为6.65、3.48和1.59.     

C/SiC复合材料的氧化对其内耗行为的影响

通过分析C/SiC在高温(1250、1300和1350℃)空气氧化过程中质量、强度、物相、气孔率、微观形貌演变规律, 并同时采用动态热机械分析仪测得内耗的变化趋势, 研究了氧化对其内耗行为的影响规律, 进而为以内耗表征复合材料的氧化行为奠定基础。为明确C/SiC各组元在氧化与内耗行为对应关系中所发挥的作用, 进一步研究了SiC陶瓷在1300℃、空气中的氧化与内耗行为之间的对应关系。结果表明: SiC陶瓷氧化对其内耗行为的影响规律不明显且影响程度较弱; C/SiC在氧化过程中的内耗行为受C相的氧化损伤控制, 且作用规律明显, 其内耗保持率曲线均出现峰值, 其中1250、1300和1350 ℃的峰值分别为6.65、3.48和1.59。     

SiC/SiC复合材料在高温空气中的氧化行为

连续碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅复合材料(SiC/SiC)是先进航空发动机热端部件的重要候选材料.在高温燃气环境中,SiC/SiC会发生氧化腐蚀,导致材料性能迅速恶化.为了揭示国产SiC/SiC复合材料在高温燃气环境中的氧化腐蚀行为,本工作测试了SiC/SiC复合材料的1100～1300℃空气氧化性能,获得了材料的氧化动力学曲线,利用SEM,XPS和XRD分析了材料的形貌、成分和物相演变规律,以阐明其氧化行为.结果表明:SiC/SiC复合材料在1100～1300℃的氧化动力学均遵循抛物线规律;其氧化物为SiO2.SiC/SiC在1100℃时仅发生轻微氧化,温度高于1200℃时复合材料的氧化程度随温度升高而加剧.在BN界面相和基体孔隙附近的氧化现象更为明显.SiC/SiC复合材料的弯曲强度随氧化程度增加而降低.     

THE APPLICABILITY OF NEURAL NETWORKS IN MODELLING THE GROWTH OF SHORT FATIGUE CRACKS

This paper examines the use of a neural network to model the chaotic behaviour of the growth of short fatigue cracks which are characterized by a decreasing crack growth rate with increasing crack length. Fatigue crack growth is modelled in terms of the Hobson short fatigue crack growth law. The neural network is exclusively trained and tested on Hobson's experimental data of short fatigue cracks propagating in a 0.4% carbon steel. The empirical constants d, α and C of Hobson's growth law are determined from the neural network predictions and are found to be within the following approximate ranges 63 < d < 400 (μm), −0.27 < α < 0.08 and 1 × 10⁻⁴ < C < 509 × 10⁻⁴ with no proportional relationship observed between the constant C and the applied cyclic stress. It is shown that neural networks are a viable computational tool for modelling the chaotic behaviour of short fatigue crack growth.     

短时高温对LY12CZ力学性能、电导率影响的研究

根据飞机制造、使用过程中的意外着火事故，通过试验找出某一电导率 临界值，用以判定短时高温对LY12CZ合金的结构损伤程度。     

LIMITATIONS ON THE USE OF THE STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR, K, AS A FRACTURE PARAMETER IN THE FATIGUE PROPAGATION OF SHORT CRACKS

Abstract— It is well known that for very short cracks the stress intensity factor K is not a suitable parameter to estimate the stress level over the small but finite Stage II process zone activation region of size r_s near the crack tip, within which crack growth events take place. A critical appreciation of the reasons for the limitations on the applicability of ΔK as a fatigue crack propagation (FCP) parameter, when the crack length a is of the same order of magnitude or smaller than the size of the ‘fatigue-fracture activation region’, r_s is presented. As an alternative to ΔK the range Δσ_s of the cyclic normal stress at a point situated at the fixed distance s=r_s/2, ahead of the crack tip, inside the fatigue-fracture activation region, is proposed. It is observed that the limitation on the use of ΔK when the crack is short, is mathematical (and not physical) but this inconvenience is easily circumvented if the stress Δσ_s at the prescribed distance is used instead of ΔK since nowadays Δσ_s can be obtained numerically by using finite element methods (FEM). It follows that the parameter Δσ_s is not restricted by the mathematical limitations on ΔK and so it would seem that there is, a priori, no reason why the validity of the parameter Δσ_s cannot be extended to short cracks. It is shown that if the Paris law is expressed in terms of Δσ_s (πrr_s)^½ instead of ΔK the validity of the modified Paris law can be extended to short cracks. A coherent estimate of the value of the fatigue-fracture activation region r_s is derived in terms of the fatigue limit Δσ_FL obtained from S-N tests and of the threshold value ΔK_th obtained from tests on long cracks where both relate to Stage II crack growth that ends in failure, namely, r_s= (ΔK_th/Δσ_FL)²/π. An overall, threshold diagram is presented based on the simple criterion that, for sustained Stage II FCP, Δσ_s must be greater than Δσ_FL. The study is based on a simple continuum mechanics approach and its purpose is the investigation of the suitability of both ΔK and Δσ_s to characterise the crack driving force that activates complex fracture processes at the microstructure's scale. The investigation pertains to conditions that lead to the ultimate failure of the component at values of Δσ_s > Δσ_FL.     

THE EFFECT OF STRESS RATIO ON THE FATIGUE THRESHOLD CONDITION OF PHYSICALLY SMALL CRACKS

An approach is proposed to predict the intrinsic threshold of physically small cracks without invoking crack closure considerations. The basic assumption invoked is that a Δ K representation is valid for short cracks, hence the lower-bound threshold value, ΔK_0(s)(min) for short cracks can be numerically equated with the lower-bound threshold value of long cracks, ΔK*_{0(l)(min), s} of the same material. Several experimental observations provide a basis for this rationalization. The approach allows a quantitative prediction of stress ratio and crack length dependence of Δ K _0(S) which provides good agreement with experimental data for several low-strength steels and aluminium alloys. This alternative procedure may be found useful in design applications.     

高速列车制动盘SiCp／A356颗粒增强铝基复合材料的热疲劳性能研究

通过SiCp／A356颗粒增强复合材料切口试样在20℃-300℃循环下的热疲劳试验,获得热疲劳裂纹形成寿命与试样切口半径及厚度等几何尺寸的关系。采用热弹塑性有限元法模拟热疲劳试验中试样切口根部的应力．应变响应,进而揭示出残余应力形成机制。结合热疲劳试验的裂纹形成寿命与有限元模拟的应力．应变响应,建立起考虑平均应力影响的...     

THE INFLUENCE OF NOTCH PLASTICITY ON SHORT FATIGUE CRACK BEHAVIOUR

Abstract— A study has been made of fatigue crack formation and growth at the root of different notch profiles in a structural steel subjected to fully reversed tension-compression loading. The scale of stage I microstructural crack growth at notches decreased with increasing notch root strain and was comparable to the size of stage I cracks in shallow hourglass profile specimens at the same strain. Stage II crack growth rates were faster within the notch plastic field than in the elastic stress field of the bulk material.     

FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION BEHAVIOUR OF SHORT CRACKS; THE EFFECT OF MICROSTRUCTURE

–Fatigue cracks shorter than some critical length tend to propagate anomalously quickly. This paper examines the concept of a ‘critical length’, identifying three regimes of behaviour for different crack lengths. Some published work is examined, covering a wide range of different materials. It is concluded that there is an approximate correlation between the critical length for short crack behaviour and the scale of the microstructure. LEFM is difficult, if not impossible, to apply to cracks shorter than this critical length because the material surrounding a crack cannot be assumed to approximate to a homogeneous continuum. Suggestions are made for a fatigue design philosophy which incorporates short crack behaviour.     

SiC晶须增强铝合金复合材料的强化效果研究

考察了几种不同基体和状态的SiC晶须增强铝合金复合材料在拉伸变形过程中流变应力的变化情况,发现复合材料的强化效果与基体强度有关,混合法则(ROM)对复合材料抗拉强度的预测与实验值偏差较大,基体强度高的复合材料在拉伸变形过程中出现低应力屈服现象,复合材料的加工硬化能力明显高于基体,文中对出现这些现象的原因进行了探讨.