推土机燃油消耗测试方法探讨

工程机械节能环保技术近些年得到了大力发展,但如何科学合理的测试燃油消耗还未形成统一的认识。本文对当前几种推土机产品的燃油消耗试验方法做了比较分析,在此基础上探讨一种新的测试方式,通过完成规定工况的开槽作业和推土作业,科学测试土方量和燃油消耗,以此计算推土机的能效指标。     

汽车电控燃油系统综述及检修工艺研究

本文在对汽车电控燃油系统结构特点、工作原理、现状及发展趋势的研究基础上,提出了汽车电控燃油系统检修工艺,对汽车电控燃油系统故障检修以及从事汽车维修具有一定的指导意义。     

基于CAN总线的多功能启停控制系统的设计

现在越来越多的车型配置有启停系统,装配了自动启停系统的车辆会在满足停机的条件下,使发动机不进行怠速运行,从而减少汽车的怠速燃油消耗和二氧化碳排放。本文设计的系统不仅具备怠速启停功能,同时带有智能充电的功能,通过车辆在不同的工况下,调节不同的充电电压,从而达到进一步的节约燃油消耗的作用;实测带有智能充电功能的启停系统能进一步节约油耗1%左右。     

燃油消耗对飞机油箱平衡氧浓度的影响

加装惰化系统是飞机燃油箱防爆的重要方式,油箱氧浓度变化规律是惰化系统设计的基础研究内容,燃油消耗作为影响氧浓度变化的因素,对飞机油箱氧浓度变化具有不可忽略的影响.提出一种考虑燃油消耗参量的油箱气相空间氧浓度的计算模型,结合飞机真实飞行的数据中的分段油耗变化关系,分析了各飞行阶段燃油消耗对飞机油箱氧浓度变化的影响,以及初...     

叉车能耗测试模拟计算方法研究

为实现内燃平衡重式叉车能效的模拟计算,对发动机外特性和负荷特性的试验数据进行最小二乘法拟合,使用MATLAB工具实现燃油消耗数值模型计算。将影响叉车燃油消耗的司机-车辆-环境因素作为一个系统,经过分类简化将测试工况对应到发动机特性上。以叉车能耗试验循环过程为标准,分4种运行模式实现叉车油耗模拟计算。利用该方法,仅通过发动机台架试验即可实现整台叉车的能耗测试,避免了道路不良因素的影响,提高了测试效率。     

基于燃油汽车开发的纯电动汽车系统设计与实现

在传统燃油汽车平台进行纯电动汽车的开发,将燃油动力系统替换为纯电动动力系统,对纯电动系统进行布置设计,其中电池组的加装使得整备质量增加,从而影响原车其他系统,包括悬架系统、制动系统和转向系统。对相关系统进行匹配开发并在实车上进行校核验证,最终在燃油汽车平台上完成了纯电动汽车样车的开发。     

沥青混凝土搅拌设备燃油消耗率试验数据处理分析

本文介绍了沥表混凝土搅拌设备燃油消耗率试验数据的分析处理方法，着重讨论强制式搅拌设备和滚筒式搅拌设备燃油消耗修正系数公式及其适用范围，并给出验证示例。     

迈向绿色交通的德国城市交通规划演进

德国通过建立"轨道交通-自行车-步行"一体化的绿色交通系统,使得城市摆脱了依赖于汽车的城市交通发展模式。本文在梳理和回顾德国城市交通策略由便于汽车的城市交通规划,到轨道交通可达的城市公共交通系统,再到实现一体化绿色交通系统的发展历程,从中分析并总结了德国城市中心在不同时代的交通规划策略和特点。最后研究揭示出,城市如果要实现低碳可持续发展,城市交通必须依赖于节约能源,没有污染的绿色交通模式。     

单片机在汽车控制系统中的应用

本文介绍了单片机对汽车系统进行控制的三个特点,并举例介绍了单片机在汽车的燃油喷射系统中的应用。     

应用超级电容的轮胎式集装箱起重机节能特性研究

通过分析轮胎式集装箱起重机起升机构的工作过程,运用数学与试验相结合的方法建立了整机的理论模型,在基于MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真平台上搭建了系统的仿真模型,并对空载与满载2种不同的工况进行了仿真计算。结果表明,加装了超级电容的轮胎式集装箱起重机与传统的起重机相比,其燃油消耗明显下降,具有显著的经济效益。     

新型进气预处理装置对汽油机性能影响的研究

一台16气门四缸汽油机,安装一种新型进气预处理装置．试验结果表明,发动机的外特性试验燃油比油耗最多可降低9％,废气排放品质也有一定程度的改善．对其进行实车道路试验也具有同样的效果,燃油消耗量减少2．94％．显示出该装置对减少燃油消耗以及降低汽车尾气排放具有良好的应用前景．     

Trends of greenhouse gas emissions from the road transport sector in India

The road transport sector is the largest consumer of commercial fuel energy within the transportation system in India and accounts for nearly 35% of the total liquid commercial fuel consumption by all sectors. Gasoline and diesel consumption for road transportation have quadrupled between 1980 and 2000 due to about nine times increase in the number of vehicles and four-fold increase in freight and passenger travel demands. The paper elaborates the trends of energy consumption and consequent emissions of greenhouse gases such as CO(2), CH(4) and N(2)O and ozone precursor gases like CO, NO(x) and NMVOC in the road transport sector in India for the period from 1980 to 2000. For the first time, efforts have been made to apportion the fuels, both diesel and gasoline, across different categories of vehicles operating on the Indian roads. In order to generate more comprehensive and complete emission estimates, additionally, other minor fuel types like light diesel oil and fuel oil along with lubricants have also been taken into account. Emission estimates have revealed that nearly 27 Mt of CO(2) were emitted in 1980, increasing to about 105 Mt in 2000. Similar trends have also been observed for other gases. Further scope for improvements in emission estimation is possible by generating country specific emission factors for different vehicle categories and improvement in documentation of fuel consumption at segregated levels by fuel types and vehicle types.     

Modeling Relationship between Truck Fuel Consumption and Driving Behavior Using Data from Internet of Vehicles

In this research, by taking advantage of dynamic fuel consumption–speed data from Internet of Vehicles, we develop two novel computational approaches to more accurately estimate truck fuel consumption. The first approach is on the basis of a novel index, named energy consumption index, which is to explicitly reflect the dynamic relationship between truck fuel consumption and truck drivers’ driving behaviors obtained from Internet of Vehicles. The second approach is based on a Generalized Regression Neural Network model to implicitly establish the same relationship. We further compare the two proposed models with three well‐recognized existing models: vehicle specific power (VSP) model, Virginia Tech microscopic (VT‐Micro) model, and Comprehensive Modal Emission Model (CMEM). According to our validations at both microscopic and macroscopic levels, the two proposed models have stronger performed in predicting fuel consumption in new routes. The models can be used to design more energy‐efficient driving behaviors in the soon‐to‐come era of connected and automated vehicles.     

天然气汽车的经济性分析

论述了国内外天然气汽车发展现状与趋势,通过研究国内各类天然气汽车的能耗指标、加气站运行参数、天然气与其他能源对比数据,指出天然气作为汽车替代燃料具有一定的经济优势和较大的环保效益,快速发展天然气汽车产业对改善城市大气环境具有重要意义。     

Lead (Pb) legacy from vehicle traffic in eight California urbanized areas: Continuing influence of lead dust on children's health

This article describes the magnitude of U.S. lead (Pb) additives in gasoline from 1927 to 1994 and estimated quantities of Pb dispersed by vehicle traffic in eight urbanized areas (UAs) of California from 1950 to 1982. The findings are the basis for predicting the health impact of Pb on children living in UA of California. Quantitative U.S. national data for 1927-1994 were from the U.S. Senate hearing of the 1984 Airborne Lead Reduction Act. Vehicle traffic data, fuel efficiency, percentage leaded gasoline, and quantities of Pb in gasoline were obtained for 1982 from public and corporate records to estimate vehicle Pb emissions for small to very large UAs of California. California fuel consumption records and yearly quantities of Pb additives per gallon were the basis for estimating the 1950-1982 dispersion of Pb in each UA. Lead additives were calculated by multiplying annual vehicle fuel used by average Pb per gallon. The proportion of Pb additive for each UA was calculated from vehicle miles traveled (VMT) driven in 1982 divided by miles per gallon fuel consumption times the ratio of leaded to unleaded fuel times Pb additive per gallon. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency calculations of the fates of Pb were used to estimate Pb aerosol dispersal in each UA. About 108 billion miles of travel in 1982 within 8 UAs accounts for 3200 metric tons of Pb additives or ∼ 60% total Pb additives in California. Between the 1950-1982 peak of Pb additives, about 258,000 metric tons are accounted for out of the state 412,000 metric tons total during the same time period. The estimates of the quantities of Pb dust that accumulated within various UAs in California assists with predicting the continuing influences of Pb on children's exposure. Mapping the soil Pb reservoir assists with establishing the priority for enhancing environments of children.     

一种机械液压复合传动装置在扫路车中的应用

论述配置于单发动机专用车辆上的机械、液压复合传动装置,可实现车辆行车作业状态下的机械、液压复合传动,以及在车辆行车状态下的机械传动,油耗明显降低。     

城市DME汽车加气站的设计、施工实践与探讨

二甲醚用作汽车的燃料对逐步改善汽车的能源结构，降低对石油的依赖性，保证国家的能源安全和环境保护具有重要意义。上海市在DME汽车研究与开发方面做了大量工作，示范汽车已经开上街头。通过叙述加气站的流程特点、设备介绍了上海市二甲醚试验加气站的设计、研究。     

Effect of Pulse‐and‐Glide Strategy on Traffic Flow for a Platoon of Mixed Automated and Manually Driven Vehicles

The fuel consumption of ground vehicles is significantly affected by how they are driven. The fuel‐optimized vehicular automation technique can improve fuel economy for the host vehicle, but their effectiveness on a platoon of vehicles is still unknown. This article studies the performance of a well‐known fuel‐optimized vehicle automation strategy, i.e., Pulse‐and‐Glide (PnG) operation, on traffic smoothness and fuel economy in a mixed traffic flow. The mixed traffic flow is assumed to be a single‐lane highway on flat road consisting of both driverless and manually driven vehicles. The driverless vehicles are equipped with fuel economy‐oriented automated controller using the PnG strategy. The manually driven vehicles are simulated using the Intelligent Driver Models (IDM) to mimic the average car‐following behavior of human drivers in naturalistic traffics. A series of simulations are conducted with three scenarios, i.e., a single car, a car section, and a car platoon. The simulation results show that the PnG strategy can significantly improve the fuel economy of individual vehicles. For traffic flows, the fuel economy and traffic smoothness vary significantly under the PnG strategy.     

Development of emission factors and emission inventories for motorcycles and light duty vehicles in the urban region in Vietnam

This paper reports on a 2-year emissions monitoring program launched by the Centre for Environmental Monitoring of the Vietnam Environment Administration which aimed at determining emission factors and emission inventories for two typical types of vehicle in Hanoi, Vietnam. The program involves four major activities. A database for motorcycles and light duty vehicles (LDV) in Hanoi was first compiled through a questionnaire survey. Then, two typical driving cycles were developed for the first time for motorcycles and LDVs in Hanoi. Based on this database and the developed driving cycles for Hanoi, a sample of 12 representative test vehicles were selected to determine vehicle specific fuel consumption and emission factors (CO, HC, NOx and CO₂). This set of emission factors were developed for the first time in Hanoi with due considerations of local driving characteristics. In particular, it was found that the emission factors derived from Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) driving cycles and adopted in some previous studies were generally overestimated. Eventually, emission inventories for motorcycles and LDVs were derived by combining the vehicle population data, the developed vehicle specific emission factors and vehicle kilometre travelled (VKT) information from the survey. The inventory suggested that motorcycles contributed most to CO, HC and NOx emissions while LDVs appeared to be more fuel consuming.