右心室心尖起搏伴心力衰竭患者升级心脏再同步化治疗的临床观察

目的 观察分析升级心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)对右心室心尖起搏伴心力衰竭患者的临床疗效.方法 对10例右心室心尖起搏伴心力衰竭,左心室射血分数(EF)≤35%的患者更换三腔起搏器,观察术后12个月患者的临床症状,并于术后6、12个月行超声检查,对心功能相关指标进行统计学分析.结果 术后12个月死亡2例,临床症状改善7例,存活的8例患者平均心功能NYHA分级提高,B型利钠肽下降[(184±73)ng/L比(545±286)ng/L],左房直径缩小[(43±5)mm比(46±7)mm],肺动脉压力下降[(42±6)mm Hg比(54±13)mm Hg],平均左心室EF提高[(32±4)%比(35±5)%],组织多普勒显示12节段达峰时间最大差[(136±28)比(97±18)ms]和室间收缩时间差[(52±5)ms比(31±6)ms)]均有改善(均P＜0.05).结论 CRT能改善右心室心尖起搏合并心力衰竭患者的症状和NYHA心功能分级,对于右心室心尖起搏发生心力衰竭的患者,CRT是可靠的治疗手段.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) through biventricular pacing in chronically right ventricular apical paced patients with heart failure. Methods Ten chronically right ventricular apical paced patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (EF)≤35% underwent CRT upgrading. And the follow-up period was over 12 months. Seven of them reported a significant improvement in their symptoms. Two patients died and one patient had no response. As compared with pre-CRT, CRT significantly improved NYHA classification, decreased left atrium diameter [(43 ±5) mm vs (46 ±7) mm], pulmonary arterial pressure [(42 ±6) mm Hg vs (54 ±13 ) nnn Hg] and BNP [( 184 ± 73 ) ng/L vs ( 545 ± 286 ) ng/L] ( P ＜ 0. 05 ), improved left ventricular EF [(35 ± 5 ) % vs ( 32 ± 4 ) %]. Tissue Doppler imaging revealed the maximal difference of time to peak myocardial systolic contraction of 12 left ventricular segment shortened [(136 ± 28) ms vs (97 ± 18 )ms],interventricular mechanical delay shortened [(52 ± 5 ) ms vs (31 ± 6 ) ms)] after upgrading. Conclusion CRT upgrading from right ventricular apical pacing may improve left ventricular function in patients with heart failure.     

快速起搏用于胸主动脉覆膜支架精确释放的临床随机对照研究

目的 比较快速人工心脏起搏与硝普钠在胸主动脉腔内修复治疗中的安全性、有效性及对移植物定位准确性的影响.方法 经广东省人民医院伦理委员会批准,研究入选2007年9月至2009年2月在广东省人民医院心内科因胸主动脉疾病择期行胸主动脉腔内修复治疗(TEVAR)的197例患者(夹层175例,动脉瘤22例).随机分为硝普钠组(n=98)和快速人工心脏起搏组(n=99),在腔内修复治疗术中分别应用上述两种方法以助移植物的准确定位与释放.比较两组的血流动力学指标、移植物定位及释放准确性、手术时间、手术前后肾功能和神经认识功能变化以及内漏和截/偏瘫发生率.结果快速人工心脏起搏组所有患者均成功植入右室起搏电极,并成功实施快速人工心脏起搏.快速人工心脏起搏组的主动脉压(mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)明显低于硝普钠组[(47±5)比(82±7) mm Hg,P=0.003],其血压恢复时间[(9±2)s比(481±107)s,P<0.01]及手术时间[(94±16)min比(103±24)min,P<0.01]均明显短于硝普钠组,并且快速起博组移植物定位及释放准确性明显高于硝普钠组[(2±1)mm比(4±3)mm,P<0.01].两组患者术前、术后的肾功能及神经认知功能和内漏、截/偏瘫发生率差异无统计学意义.结论 与硝普钠相比,快速人工心脏起博可安全应用于TEVAR,缩短手术时间,还有助于移植物的准确定位与释放.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the safety, efficacy and their impact on stent graft positioning between rapid artificial cardiac pacing induced hypotension and sodium nitroprusside induced hypotension during thoracic endovascular aortic repair( TEVAR). Methods From September 2007 to February 2009,a randomized controlled trial as approved by the Ethics Committee of our hospital was conducted in 197 patients undergoing elective thoracic endovascular aortic repair of thoracic aortic dissection(n=175) or aneurysm(n=22).The patients were randomized into sodium nitroprusside group(n=98) and rapid artificial cardiac pacing group(n=99).During the localization and deployment of stent graft,hypotension was induced by intravenous sodium nitroprusside or rapid artificial cardiac pacing.Hemodynamics, landing precision (deviation from planned placement site), duration of procedure, renal function, neurocognitive function, incidence of endoleaks and paraplegia/hemiplegia were compared. Results Rapid artificial cardiac pacing was conducted without technical difficulty in all 99 patients. The level of hypotension (mm Hg, 1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) was most pronounced in the rapid artificial cardiac pacing group (47±5 vs 82±7, P=0.003. Once rapid pacing ceased, blood pressure recovered more quickly to the prepacing levels in the rapid artificial cardiac pacing group [(9±2)s vs (481±107)s,P<0.01]. And the duration of procedure was also shorter in the rapid artificial cardiac pacing group [(94±16)min vs (103±24)min, P<0.01]. Moreover, precise positioning and deployment was observed in rapid artificial cardiac pacing group versus to the sodium nitroprusside group(P<0.01).There was no difference in renal function and neurocognitive function before and after the procedure in both groups.There was no difference in the incidences of endoleaks and paraplegia/hemiplegia between different groups(P>0.05). Conclusion As compared with sodium nitroprusside,rapid artificial cardiac pacing is safer in thoracic endovascular aortic repair.It shortens the endovascular procedure and enables more precise positioning and deployment of stent graft.     

Effects of right atrial and ventricular DDD pacing on cardiac function and ventricular contraction synchrony

Background Right ventricular apical pacing has been reported to reduce cardiac performance. But there are few reports on the effects of dual chamber (DDD) pacing on cardiac function compared to sinus rhythm. In this study, we evaluated the effects of right atrial and ventricular DDD pacing on cardiac function and ventricular contraction synchrony using equilibrium radionuclide angiography. Methods Ten patients implanted with a right atrial and ventricular DDD pacemaker underwent equilibrium radionuclide angiography. The scintigraphic data were obtained during sinus rhythm and pacing rhythm. Cardiac function parameters were obtained semimanually. Phase analysis was used to study the ventricular activation sequence and ventricular synchrony. Results The left ventricular 1/3 ejection fraction decreased significantly during pacing compared with that during sinus rhythm［(23.4±6.1)% vs (27.7±4.5)%, P=0.01］. Regional ejection fraction also decreased during pacing, although the difference was not statistically significant. Phase analysis showed that the right ventricle was activated earlier than the left ventricle during pacing, and that the phase shift was significantly greater during pacing than that during sinus rhythm［64.13°±16.80° vs 52.88°±9.26°, P=0.007］. The activation of both ventricles occurred simultaneously during sinus rhythm, with the activation sequence from proximal septum or base of left ventricle to apex. The earliest activation during pacing occurred at the right ventricular apex, and subsequently spread to the base and left ventricle.Conclusion Right atrial and ventricular DDD pacing impairs left ventricular systolic function and ventricular synchrony.     

不同部位起搏对心室间电机械同步性的对比观察

目的 比较右室心尖部(RVA)、右室流出道间隔部(RVS)和左室流出道间隔部(LNS)起搏对心室间电机械同步性的差异,评价出保持心室间电机械同步的理想起搏部位.方法 选择2008年1-12月在我院行射频消融术(左侧隐性旁道)后患者30例,术后分别将标测电极放置于左室后侧壁(LVPLW)及右室前侧壁(RVALW),大头消融电极依次放置于RVA、RVS、LVS起搏.通过测量起搏点至LVPLW及至RVALW的传导时间差来反映心室间电激动的同步性,不同部位起搏主动脉射血前间期(APEI)与肺动脉射血前间期(PPEI)差来反映心室间机械收缩同步性,并比较两者相关性.结果 RVA起搏时至LVPLW及至RVALW的传导时间差为(34±7)ms,RVS起搏为(18±4)ms,LVS为(12±4)ms,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).RVA起搏APEI-PPEI绝对值为(25±5)ms;RVS起搏为(13±4)ms,LVS为(11±3)ms,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).心室起搏后,LVPLWRVALW差值变化与APEI-PPEI绝对值增加呈正相关(r=0.993,P＜0.01).LVS起搏后主动脉压[(127±23)mm Hg]和左室收缩末压[(142±22)mm Hg]明显增加(P＜0.05),左室舒张压显著降低[(9±3)mm Hg,P＜0.05].结论 LVS起搏对心室间电机械同步性影响小,更符合生理性的起搏,心室间电激动与机械收缩同步相一致.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the different impacts of right ventricular apex, right ventricular outflow tract septum and left ventricular outflow tract septum region on interventricular electro-mechanical synchronization and assess the ideal pacing sites for maintaining the interventricular electro-mechanical synchronization. Methods A total of 30 patients without organic heart disease were operated with radiofrequency ablation at our hospital. The mapping electrodes were implanted post-operatively on the left ventricular posterior wall (LVPLW) and right ventricular anterior lateral wall (RVALW) respectively. And the ablation electrodes were placed subsequently in right ventricular apex, right ventricular outflow tract septum region and left ventricular outflow tract septum. The difference values were measured between transmission time from pacemaker to LVPLW, from pacemaker to RVALW and between aortic pre-ejection interval (APEI) and pulmonary artery pre-ejection interval (PPEI). Then their correlations were compared. Results When pacing at right ventricular apex, the difference value between transmission time from pacemaker to LNPLW and from pacemaker to RVALW was (34±7)ms. And it was (18 ±4)ms while pacing at right ventricular outflow tract septum region and ( 12 ± 4)ms at left ventricular outflow tract septum region. There was significant difference (P＜0.01). The absolute value of APEI-PPEI was (25 ±5) ms at right ventricular apex, (13±4) ms at right ventricular outflow tract septum region and (11±3) ms at left ventricular outflow tract septum region. And there was significant difference (P ＜0. 01 ). The absolute value of APEI-PPEI was positively correlated with the change of LNPLW-RVALW (r= 0. 993, P ＜ 0. 01 ). Left ventricular outflow tract septum pacing showed ABp and left ventricle end-systolic pressure significantly increased [(127±23) mm Hg, (142±22) mm Hg,P ＜0.05], left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was significantly lower [(9±3) mm Hg, P ＜ 0. 05]. Conclusion Compared with right ventricular apical pacing and right ventricular outflow tract ventricular septal pacing, left ventricular outflow tract septum has a smaller impact on the electro-mechanical synchronization. It conforms more closely to the physiological pacing so that there is a higher synchronization of electrical and mechanical ventricular contractions.     

Volumetric intravascular ultrasound comparisons of drug-eluting stent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis

Objectives We compared intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) findings of drug-eluting stent (DES)-treated lesions that developed stent thrombosis versus in-stent restenosis (ISR) to identify underlying mechanical differences. Methods IVUS findings in 15 post-DES thrombosis patients were compared with 45 matched ISR patients who had no evidence of stent thrombosis. Results Minimum stent area [MSA, (3.7±0.8) mm2 vs (4.9±1.8) mm2, P=0.01], minimum stent diameter [(1.9±0.3) mm vs (2.3±0.4) mm, P=0.005], mean stent area [(5.2±0.8) mm2 vs (7.2±2.1) mm2, P<0.01], and both focal [MSA/reference lumen area, (54.7±15.9)% vs (75.0±20.1)%, P=0.001] and diffuse stent expansion [mean stent area/reference lumen area, (76.6±23.0)% vs (110.3±23.3)%, P<0.01] were significantly smaller in the stent thrombosis group (vs the ISR group). An MSA <4.0 mm2 (73.3% vs 35.6%, P=0.01) or <5.0 mm2 (86.7% vs 53.3%, P=0.02) was more often found in the stent thrombosis group (vs the ISR group). The MSA site occurred more frequently in the proximal stent segment within the stent thrombosis group compared to the ISR group (60% vs 24.4%, P=0.01). There were no differences in edge dissection, stent fracture, or stent-vessel wall malapposition between the two groups. Independent predictors of stent thrombosis were diffuse stent expansion (OR=1.5, P=0.03) and proximal location of the MSA site (OR=12.7, P=0.04). Conclusion DES-treated lesions that develop thrombosis or restenosis are often underexpanded. Underexpansion appears to be more severe in DES-thrombosis lesions. Lesions with diffuse underexpansion and a proximal (vs distal) underexpanded MSA site are more predisposed to thrombus formation than ISR.     

Effect of ETA receptor antagonist BQ-123 on cardiac function and endothelin system after coronary microembolization in rats

Objective To evaluate the effects of BQ-123 on cardiac function and ventricular remodelling after coronary microembolization (CME) in rats. Methods We created a rat model of CME by injecting a suspension of autogenic microthrombotic particles into left ventricle. Three days after the procedure, the 30 surviving rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, each consisted of 10 rats: sham-operation group(SO), CME model group(CM) and BQ-123 intervention group(BQ). Rats in the BQ group received BQ-123 (400μg/kg per day, intraperitoneally) for 4 weeks. Plasma and myocardial endothelin-1 (ET-1) were measured by radioimmunoassay. And serial echocardiography was performed to monitor alterations of left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic diameter (LVESD, LVEED), and left ventricular short-axis fraction shortening(LVFS) and ejection fraction (LVEF), and physiologicography to document the changes of left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and end-diastolic pressure pressure(LVEDP), and left ventricular maximum positive and negative dp/dt (±LVdp/dtmax). Results Compared with sham-operated group, both LVEDD and LVESD were increased (P<0.01), whereas LVFS and LVEF were significantly decreased (P<0.01) in CME group; LVEDP was markedly increased, while LVSP and±LVdp/ dtmax markedly reduced in CME group (P<0.01); plasma and tissue ET-1 levels increased in CME group (P<0.01). BQ-123 intervention significantly decreased both the plasma and tissue ET-1 levels (P<0.01), and markedly increased LVFS and LVEF, with significant improvement of LVSP and±LVdp/ dtmax (P<0.01). Conclusions Treatment with BQ-123 prevents ventricular remodeling after CME due to suppression of the endothelin system.     

Intravascular ultrasound assessment of the incidence and predictors of edge dissections and intramural hematomas after drug-eluting stent implantation

Objective We used intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) to assess incidence, predictors, morphology, and angiographic findings of edge dissections and intramural hematomas after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. Methods We studied 887 patients with 1 045 non-in-stent restenosis lesions in 977 native arteries undergoing DES implantation with IVUS imaging, and compared the dissected stent end to the non-dissected stent end. Results Eighty-two dissections were detected; 51.2% (42/82) involved the proximal and 48.8% (40/82) the distal stent edge. When compared to the non-dissected stent end, residual plaque area [(8.0±4.3) mm2 vs (5.2±3.0) mm2, P<0.01], plaque burden [(52±12)% vs (36±15)%, P<0.01], plaque eccentricity (8.4±5.5 vs 4.0±3.4, P<0.01), and stent edge symmetry (1.17±0.11 vs 1.14±0.08, P=0.02) were larger; plaque burden≥50% was more frequent (62% vs 17%, P<0.01) and calcium deposits (52.5% vs 35.6%, P=0.03) more common; and the lumen/stent area (0.86±0.16 vs 1.02±0.18, P<0.01) was smaller in the stent dissected end. Independent predictors of stent edge dissection were residual plaque eccentricity (OR=1.3, P<0.01) and residual plaque burden≥50% (OR=7.3, P<0.01). Intramural hematomas occurred in 34.1% (28/82) of dissections.Independent predictors of intramural hematomas were plaque eccentricity (OR=1.4, P=0.005), plaque burden≥50% (OR=7.1, P=0.02), and mean lumen diameter to stent diameter ratio (OR=0.37, P=0.04).Concluslon IVUS identified edge dissections after 9.4% of DES implantations. Residual plaque eccentricity and significant plaque burden predicted coronary stent edge dissections. Dissections in less diseased reference segments with an arc of normal vessel wall (greater plaque eccentricity) more often evolved into an intramural hematoma.     

A retrospective study of echocardiographic cardiac function and structure in adolescents with congenital scoliosis

Background Patients with congenital scoliosis often also have intraspinal abnormalities and other organ defects, and few studies of the effects of congenital scoliosis on cardiac function and structure have been published. Methods A total of 215 adolescent patients with congenital scoliosis （average age, 13.58 years） underwent preoperative echocardiography and were then assigned to subgroups according to apex vertebral rotation, side of convexity, curvature severity in the coronal and sagittal planes, type of deformity, and sex. Differences between the subgroups were compared by independent-samples ttest or a one-factor analysis of variance. Results We observed statistically significant differences between patients with right-sided scoliosis curvature and those with left-sided scoliosis curvature, respectively, in left ventricular inner diameter at end-diastole （（39.39±4.66）mm vs （41.74±4.90）mm）, left ventricular inner diameter at end-systole （（24.80±3.45）mm vs （25.92±3.07）mm）, interventricular septum thickness at end-diastole （（5.66±0.98）mm vs （5.98±1.03）mm）, and posterior wall of left ventricle at end-diastole （（5.61±0.98）mm vs （6.06±1.20）mm）. When the patients were evaluated by coronal plane Cobb angle, significant differences were found between those with Cobb angle of 40°-80° and of 〉80° in left ventricular inner diameter at end-diastole （（40.97±5.06）mm vs （38.98±4.45）mm） and left ventricular inner diameter at end-systole （（25.53±3.39）mm vs （24.36±3.14）mm）, respectively. When the patients were evaluated by sagittal plane Cobb angle （〈20°, group 1; 20°-40°, group 2; 〉40°, group 3）, significant differences were found in right ventricular diameter between those with Cobb angle of 〈20° and of 20°-40° （（18.27±3.66）mm vs （16.54±3.57）mm） and in diameter of aortic root between those with Cobb angle of 20°-40° and of 〉40° （（23.83±3.39）mm vs （24.90±3.30）mm）, respectively. No significant differences were found in ejection fraction and fractional shortening between patients according to apex vertebral rotation, side of convexity, coronal plane and sagittal plane Cobb angles, type of deformity, or sex. Conclusions Congenital scoliosis influences cardiac structure, but not function.     

Effect of rheumatic mitral stenosis on end-diastolic volume of left ventricle

Objective To investigate the relations between the pathological contraction of the valve and sub-valvular apparatus in rheumatic mitral stenosis and end-diastolic volume of left ventricle. Method From 1990-2004, 90 patients with only moderate or severe rheumatic mitral stenosis （mitral group）, and 24 patients with combined moderate or severe rheumatic mitral stenosis and significant aortic regurgitation （ combined valves group）, diagnostically confirmed by surgery and pathology, were measured using echocardiaogram the end-diastolic volume and diameter, stroke volume and ejection fraction of left ventricle. Result Compared with mitral group combined valves group showed slight increases of end-diastolic volume and diameter （116.49 ± 37.93 ml and 136.72±70.67 ml, respectively; 49.34 ± 6.71 mm and 51.08 ± 8.32 mm, respectively; both P 〈 0.05）, and slight decreases of ejection fraction, but significant increases of stroke volume （71.37 ± 25.01 ml and 91.06 ± 36.67 ml, respectively; P〈0.05） of left ventricle. Conclusion The pathological shortening of mitral valve and sub-valvular apparatus caused by long-term rheumatic disease is the main cause of decreased left ventricular volume in mitral stenosis.     

Observation on Therapeutic Effects of Shengmai Powder(生脉散)in Treating Acute Viral Myocarditis

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Shengmai Powder (SMP, 生脉散) in treating acute viral myocarditis objectively. Methods: One hundred and twenty-four patients with acute viral myocarditis were randomized into the treated group (SMG, n=64) and the control group(CG, n=60 ). Such myocardial nutrient medicine as ATP, CoA, Vit-C, were given to both groups. And to the treated group, 40 ml of Shengmai Injection per day was given intravenously for 2 weeks, which was followed by oral intake of Shengmai granule, one package three times daily for another 2 weeks in total. The same anti-arrhythmia agents were applied to both groups, and no fructose-1, 6-diphosphate (FDP) for either. Semi-quantitative scoring method was adopted to observe such symptoms as chest stuffiness, palpitation and chest pain before treatment and four weeks after treatment. Meanwhile, ECG, dynamic ECG by Holter monitor, left ventricular enddiastolic dimension (LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), serum neutralizing antibody of virus Coxsackie B, cardiac troponin I (cTnl) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) were examined. Results: (1) Compared with the control group, more significant improvement was got in SMG in respects of chest stuffiness, palpitation, chest pain and arrhythmia ( P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). (2) Negative converting rates of cTnl , cTnT in the two groups were 59.46% vs 35.48%, 68.75% vs 42.31% respectively (P＜0.05). (3) LVEDD before and after treatment in SMG was 52.44±3.40 mm and 48.81± 2.23mm respectively, while that in the control group was 52.31±3.74 mm and 49.92±2.67mm respectively; LVEF before and after treatment in SMG was 60.67±4.62 % and 65.02±4.16 % respectively, while that in the control group was 60.91± 4.26 % and 63.67±3.17 %. There was obvious improvement in the two parameters in both groups, but the improvement in SMG was superior to that in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion: SMP shows a good effect in improving clinical symptoms and signs, heart function, abnormal ECG and inflammatory injury inde xes in patients with acute viral myocarditis.     

右室间隔部起搏对慢快综合征患者血流动力学及抗心律失常的研究

目的:探讨对慢快综合征患者行间隔部起搏后远期的血流动力学影响及间隔部起搏对阵发性房颤的控制效果。方法:需要植入DDD型起搏器的78例慢快综合征患者,按照心室电极的位置,随机分为右心室间隔部(RVS)起搏和右室心尖(RVA)起搏两组,对起搏器植入前、植入后第6个月和第12个月的QRS波宽度、左室射血分数、左室舒张末期内径、P波离散度、房颤负荷以及术中阈值、电极阻抗、感知差异进行分析。结果:术后6个月、12个月随访两组患者,RVS组患者QRS时限较术前有延长趋势但未达显著水平(P>0.05),RVA组患者QRS时限较术前显著延长(P<0.05);RVS组患者心功能和左室舒张末径较手术前无明显变化,RVA组患者心功能较手术前明显降低,左室舒张末径较手术前明显增加,两组相比,RVA组患者左室射血分数较RVS组患者低,两组左室舒张末期内径有明显差异(P<0.05);术后RVS组患者较术前P波离散度和房颤负荷无明显变化,而RVA组患者较术前P波离散度和房颤负荷增加。结论:右心室间隔部起搏是安全、有效的,右心室间隔部起搏将稳定或改善慢快综合征患者的远期心功能,最大限度减少阵发性房颤的发作。     

起搏器心室自身优先功能对累计心室起搏比例及心功能的影响

目的观察具有心室自身优先（VIP）功能的起搏器对累计心室起搏比例及心脏功能的影响。方法选择因缓慢性心律失常安装心脏起搏器的患者62例。所有患者均为心房电极位于右心耳,心室电极位于右室心尖部;根据植入后是否开启心室自身优先功能分为观察组30例和对照组32例,分别在置人前及置人后12个月进行随访,观察2组累计心室起搏比例、左房内径（LAD）、左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、血浆脑钠肽（BNP）水平及6min步行试验距离。结果术后12个月,与对照组比较,观察组LAD[（39．38±4．16）mmvs（43．41±5．34）mm]、LVEDD[（47．12±7．22）mmvs（51．76±9．26）mm]显著降低,LVEF（0．60±0．08vs0．55±0．11）升高,6min步行试验距离[（339．79±45．82）mvs（314．38±41．74）m]更长（P〈0．05）,BNP水平[（108．23±62．10）ng／lvs（143．87±72．85）ng／1]显著降低（P〈0．05）,累计心室起搏比例（0．21±0．08vs0．55±0．12）明显降低（P〈0．01）,而房颤负荷差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论VIP功能可以明显减少累计心室起搏比例,并保护心功能。     

胎盘生长因子恢复急性心肌梗死大鼠心功能及其机制

目的：探讨胎盘生长因子（PlGF）及其受体（VEGFR1）在急性心肌梗死后心功能恢复中的作用。 方法：采用结扎Wistar大鼠左冠状动脉前降支的方法建立急性心肌梗死模型。建模型成功后随机将30只Wistar大鼠分为对照组、PlGF组、抗VEGFR1抗体组,于心肌梗死区分别注射生理盐水、PlGF、鼠抗VEGFR1抗体。术后2周观测各组大鼠心功能,然后经股静脉注射2 ml 15% 氯化钠溶液处死大鼠,制作心脏病理切片评估左心室结构,免疫组织化学法检测冯·维勒布兰德因子（vWF）和α平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）,分析心肌梗死区域的新生血管,以及TUNEL法检测心肌梗死区心肌细胞凋亡情况。 结果：PlGF组大鼠心肌血流动力学指标每搏输出量、收缩压/舒张压、左心室峰压、左心室发展峰压、左心室舒张末压明显优于对照组（均P<0.01）;PlGF组大鼠左心室直径、心室梗死交界区室壁厚度均小于对照组（均P<0.01）,抗VEGFR1抗体组与对照组的心脏几何学参数基本一致;PlGF组大鼠新生血管和动脉密度均高于对照组（P<0.01）,抗VEGFR1抗体组的动脉密度略低于对照组,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;PlGF组大鼠心肌细胞凋亡率明显低于对照组（P<0.01）。 结论：急性心肌梗死大鼠心肌局部注射PlGF可显著改善心功能恢复并抑制左心室扩张, 促进血管再生并降低心肌细胞凋亡。PlGF治疗有望作为急性心肌梗死患者综合治疗中的一个辅助性手段。     

彩色多普勒在鉴别诊断缺血性心肌病中的应用价值研究

目的对彩色多普勒超声在鉴别诊断缺血性心肌病(ICM)中的应用进行分析。方法对2009年6月至2012年11月入武警总医院并经确诊的42例ICM患者和43例扩张型心肌病(DCM)患者进行彩色多普勒检查,分别为ICM组和DCM组,对比分析两组患者的临床症状、心动图和心电图。结果 ICM组心力衰竭大多呈现左心衰竭,继而右心衰竭,DCM组大多出现全心衰竭;ICM组二尖瓣和主动脉瓣有轻度反流,而DCM组的主动脉瓣、二尖瓣和三尖瓣均有反流,且出现中度和重度反流显著地高于ICM组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);ICM组患者左心室舒张末期内径、左心室收缩末期内径、左心房内径、心室射血分数、每搏输出量等均低于ICM组患者[(60.2±4.1)mm vs(72.4±4.9)mm,(46.5±3.8)mm vs(61.1±3.3)mm,(38.2±2.5)mm vs(42.3±3.1)mm,(41.2±5.8)mL vs(75.2±8.7)mL],两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论彩色多普勒超声对ICM的鉴别诊断明确,应在临床上进一步推广。     

替格瑞洛辅助急诊PCI治疗STEMI对患者心室重构影响情况分析

目的 探讨ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)行急诊经皮冠脉介入术(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)患者加用替格瑞洛治疗的临床效果及对患者心室重构的影响.方法 选取我院急诊PCI手术治疗的STEMI患者120例(2014年1月至2016年8月)进行回顾性分析,患者均急诊PCI手术,根据治疗药物分为两组,60例患者术前及术后均给予替格瑞洛(替格瑞洛组)、60例患者术前及术后均给予氯吡格雷(氯吡格雷组),对比两组患者术后心室重构指标、心电图等指标.结果 术后12周,替格瑞洛组LVEDd (49.1±5.4)mm、LVESD (40.6±4.6)mm、LVMI(112.8±11.0) g/m2、LVMW(140.7 ±18.5)g低于氯吡格雷组患者LVEDd(53.1±4.6) mm、LVESD (43.9±4.7) mm、LVMI(118.2 ±9.4)g/m2、LVMW(153.0±21.3) g(t =4.638、t=3.887、t=2.891、t =2.198,P均＜0.05),两组患者的LVEF值差异无统计学意义(t=1.064,P ＞0.05);术后12周,替格瑞洛组Tp-e(114.2±12.7) ms、Tp-e/QTc(0.20±0.05)低于氯吡格雷组患者Tp-e(120.6±13.9)ms、Tp-e/QTc (0.25±0.07)(t=2.633、t=4.502,P ＜0.05);替格瑞洛组的不良心血管事件发生率6.67％与氯吡格雷组的13.33％比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=1.481,P＞0.05).讨论 STEMI行PCI患者加用替格瑞洛治疗能有效减轻心室重构,改善心电图指标.     

不同起搏方式对病态窦房结综合征预后的影响

目的比较单心室起搏(VVI)和双腔起搏(DDD)对病态窦房结综合征(SSS)患者快速房性心律失常和心功能的影响.方法对97例VVI、20例DDD患者进行6个月随访,观察临床症状、心电图、24 h动态心电图、心脏超声等变化情况.结果与DDD组相比,VVI组术后持续性心房纤颤及新出现快速房性心律失常的总发生率较高(P＜0.05),左心房直径(LAD)增大、左心室射血分数(LVEF)下降较明显(P＜0.05).结论SSS患者DDD的预后优于VVI.     

辛伐他汀联合辅酶Q10对慢性心衰大鼠心功能及心室重构的影响

目的：：探索辛伐他汀联合辅酶Q10对慢性心衰大鼠心功能及心室重构的影响。方法：利用腹主动脉缩窄法制作雄性SD大鼠慢性心力衰竭模型,随机分为模型组、辛伐他汀组、辅酶Q10组、联合用药组,另设假手术组,每组8只大鼠,测量各组大鼠血流动力学参数( LVEDP、± dp/dtmax );计算左心室质量指数( LVMI)、检测左心室心肌胶原容积分数( CVF％);观察左心室心肌组织病理学改变。结果：与模型组相比,辛伐他汀组、辅酶Q10组和联合用药组LVEDP、LVMI和CVF等三项指标降低,差异具有统计学意义( P<0.01);且联合用药组较辛伐他汀、辅酶Q10单用组改变差异具有统计学意义( P<0.05)。结论：辛伐他汀与辅酶Q10联合应用较两药单独应用改善心衰大鼠心功能、抑制心室重塑作用明显。     

不同起搏方式及右室起搏比例不同对缓慢型心律失常患者心功能及新发房颤影响的随访分析

目的：探讨不同起搏方式及右室起搏比例不同对缓慢型心律失常患者新发房颤（atrial fibrillation,AF）及心功能的影响。方法我院心内科过去5年间植入永久起搏器的患者,按照起搏模式不同分为VVI、DDD组,根据右室起搏比例（Cum％VP）不同分为：DDD1组（Cum％VP≥50％）和DDD2组（Cum％VP＜50％）两个亚组。随访内容包括起搏器植入术前、术后3年心电图和动态心电图,AF发生情况,超声心动图参数。结果符合入选标准且完成随访的患者共计147例,新发AF病例VVI组14例（24．14％）,DDD1组5例（11．11％）,DDD2组3例（6．82％）。DDD2组与VVI组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＝0．03＜0．05）。术后3年超声参数比较,DDD2组与VVI组、DDD1组相比,LAD、LVED明显缩小,LVEF则明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论DDD起搏模式加低右室起搏比例与VVI模式相比,可明显改善患者的心功能,且减少AF的发生,DDD起搏模式加最优右室起搏管理应用于临床可能给患者带来更多的收益。     

二尖瓣成形术在成人二尖瓣反流治疗中的应用

目的：总结二尖瓣成形术在成人二尖瓣反流治疗中的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年12月至2012年6月56例成人二尖瓣反流患者行二尖瓣成形术治疗的临床资料。成形术包括人工瓣环置入,瓣叶部分切除,腱索修复、转移,人工腱索置入,缘对缘缝合技术等。术中行左心室注水试验及经食管超声心动图检查评估效果。出院后门诊随访,超声心动图观察心功能及二尖瓣反流程度。结果全组围手术期无死亡。出院时心功能均明显改善,心功能（NYHA分级）Ⅰ级47例,Ⅱ级9例。术后随访52例,随访率为92.9%,随访时间18~36个月。术后1年超声心动图提示左心房内径[（35.5±5.5）mm vs.（50.6±5.7）mm]、左心室舒张期末内径[（52.9±6.4）mm vs.（66.5±6.4）mm]、左心室收缩期末内径[（35.1±6.3）mm vs.（49.8±6.0）mm]与术前比较明显缩小,左心室射血分数[（61.0±7.0）%vs.（52.0±8.0）%]与术前比较明显提高。结论成人二尖瓣反流采用二尖瓣成形术可取得满意的临床疗效,改善心功能。