A reasoning method for a ship design expert system

Abstract: The ship design process is a highly data‐oriented, dynamic, iterative and multi‐stage algorithm. It utilizes multiple abstraction levels and concurrent engineering techniques. Specialized techniques for knowledge acquisition, knowledge representation and reasoning must be developed to solve these problems for a ship design expert system. Consequently, very few attempts have been made to model the ship design process using an expert system approach. The current work investigates a knowledge representation–reasoning technique for such a purpose. A knowledge‐based conceptual design was developed by utilizing a prototype approach and hierarchical decompositioning. An expert system program called ALDES (accommodation layout design expert system) was developed by using the CLIPS expert system shell and an object‐oriented user interface. The reasoning and knowledge representation methods of ALDES are explained in the paper. An application of the method is given for the general arrangement design of a containership.     

神经网络在泵送专家系统中的研究和应用

混凝土泵送技术的复杂性和模糊性一直都是靠领域专家的经验来解决的。神经网络在专家系统中的应用是在人工智能方面的重大发展,它克服了传统专家系统在知识获取和表达上的薄弱环节,由于模拟了大脑的思维性,推理机制比产生式推理优越许多。基于神经网络的专家系统只需要领域专家解决问题的实例或范例来训练神经网络,使在同样输入的情况下神经网络能够得到与专家给出的解答尽可能相同的输出,而且解答的精度可用它与专家解答之间的均方差的准则来度量。文中介绍了BP神经网络在专家系统中的知识获取和表示以及推理机制问题。     

棉纺质量控制专家系统的设计

主要研究棉纺质量控制专家系统的体系构成、棉纺质量控制知识的表示策略及知识库的设计。知识库的设计是该系统设计最重要的工作,包括基本数据库和规则库两方面。知识库的核心内容之一是基本数据库,用来存放质量问题的描述、产生原因、防止和处理办法等。规则库由质量问题库、质量问题影响因素、质量问题处理措施三个库构成。知识库的设计方法是先将棉纺质量控制知识抽象成概念、事实和规则,然后用关系数据库来存储这些知识。在此基础上构建一个基于产生式规则的专家系统。本系统采用基于规则的数据和信息驱动正向推理为主,辅之以目标驱动控制策略,算法采用深度优先。合理的知识库设计和有效的推理方法使得该系统效果较好。     

An expert system for aided design of ship systems automation

The paper presents a structure and functions of an expert system for aided design of ship systems automation. The system was developed on basis of a detailed analysis of the design process of ship systems automation. The system includes: knowledge bases regarding methods and procedures of ship systems automation design, databases of automated objects, control devices and elements, requirements of classification societies, and a subsystem for simulation investigations co-operating with the Matlab Simulink package and a knowledge base. In the creation of the system the shell expert system Exsys Developer was used. This system is characterised by a rule-oriented representation of knowledge, backward and forward chaining inference methods, various confidence modes to handle uncertain reasoning including fuzzy logic, and possibility of co-operation with other software and databases. The databases were made using the MS Access software.     

基于CBR的井下复杂情况与事故智能诊断和处理系统*

分析了传统的钻井事故诊断与处理专家系统的不足,根据钻井专家决策时的认知过程,基于实例推理技术开发了井下复杂情况与事故智能诊断和处理系统。该系统收集了各油田已发生的各种复杂的事故实例,具有自学习功能,能实现各种复杂情况与事故的诊断和处理,并提供完整的有关复杂事故预防和处理的知识手册,可为钻井专家、技术人员提供决策支持。对系统的总体结构、工作流程以及系统实现的主要技术包括实例表示、实例库组织、实例检索和自学习等进行了详细描述。     

Model-based remotely-sensed imagery interpretation

Abstract

We present a model-based remotely-sensed image interpretation expert system embeded in a knowledge-based geographic information system (K. BIS). The KBIS consists of four sub-systems: a pictorial data base system, an image interpretation expert system, a computer-aided planning system and a computer-aided cartographic system. The image interpretation expert system represents ecological knowledge and other expert knowledge by frames. Its reasoning process consists of a forward reasoning based on the Bayes classification of Landsat imagery, a backward reasoning using frame knowledge and reasoning using a spatial consistency model. A forest inventory study was conducted in Shaxian county, in the southern part of China, using this expert system. The results have shown a significant improvement. Building image interpretation expert systems within knowledge-based pictorial systems is very convenient and efficient because there are well-organized data, knowledge and procedures available.     

设计型专家系统在机械工程中的应用研究

专家系统是人工智能技术的一个重要分支，它是特定领域的一套计算机程序，具有类似专家工作时利用知识进行推理来解决问题的能力。它一般用以求解那些需要人类专家才能求解的高难度问题或不良结构的问题，为人类保存、使用、传播和评价知识提供了一条有效的捷径。文中主要介绍设计型专家系统在机械工程中的应用以及其基本结构、知识表示方法、推理方式及构建策略，然后介绍了它在齿轮传动设计中的应用。设计型专家系统的产生和发展必然会促进设计自动化技术在机械工程中的应用。     

ROGET: A knowledge-based system for acquiring the conceptual structure of a diagnostic expert system

This paper describes ROGET, a knowledge-based system that assists a domain expert with an important design task encountered during the early phases of expert-system construction. ROGET conducts a dialogue with the expert to acquire the expert system's conceptual structure, a representation of the kinds of domain-specific inferences that the consultant will perform and the facts that will support these inferences. ROGET guides this dialogue on the basis of a set of advice and evidence categories. These abstract categories are domain independent and can be employed to guide initial knowledge acquisition dialogues with experts for new applications. This paper discusses the nature of an expert system's conceptual structure and describes the organization and operation of the ROGET system that supports the acquisition of conceptual structures.     

BDES: A bridge design expert system

The expert system described here designs superstructures for small to medium span highway bridges. The system addresses a domain within the engineering design consultation paradigm. It is installed in a personal microcomputer environment. This paper examines the nature of the bridge design domain as practiced in the United States and its suitability for expert system application. The architecture, the context structure, the knowledge base, the control module, and the implementation of the expert system are presented.     

OCDES：口腔癌医疗诊断专家系统设计与实现

本文描述了口腔癌医疗诊断专家系统OCDES的设计与实现技术，针对口腔医疗诊断的特点，讨论了该系统建立过程中所采用的关键技术。本文重点介绍了系统的结构框架、知识表示方法、正向推理机制以及基于示例的推理方法的实现技术。并给出了系统的测试方法。     

Development of an expert system for preliminary risk assessment of existing concrete dams

The paper presents an expert system to assist in the field inspection of existing concrete dams within the context of a preliminary risk assessment. The paper describes the engineering knowledge and reasoning required to conduct a deterministic field evaluation of the structural stability of the dam. The symptoms and failure modes identified by the expert system along with the required knowledge and procedures are organized in a structured knowledge tree. The instantiation of the frames and firing of the rules for each consultation traces part of the inference tree contained in the structured knowledge tree. Interaction between nearly decomposable problems are executed with metaknowledge procedures, shared rule groups, and active values. Examples are provided.     

SARSES:SARS医疗辅助诊断专家系统的设计和实现

该文描述了SARS医疗诊断专家系统的设计与实现。针对SARS医疗诊断的特点,讨论了该系统建立过程中面临的几个主要问题及相应的解决方案,同时,还详细介绍了系统的结构框架、知识表示、推理方法和主要实现技术。     

船用计程仪故障诊断模糊专家系统

将模糊数学、模糊诊断原理及自动检测技术相结合,提出基于模糊推理的船用计程仪故障诊断专家系统。结合船用计程仪的特点,设计硬件平台并采用模糊产生式知识表示法,将模糊关系矩阵和语义距离相结合,设计并实现了船用计程仪故障诊断模糊专家系统的各个功能模块。实验结果表明,该系统可对船用计程仪实现高效、可靠的故障诊断。     

基于数据库的专家系统在校园网故障诊断中的应用

为了减少网络工作人员的工作量 ,将数据库和人工智能技术结合起来 ,构建了用于校园网故障诊断的专家系统。该系统采用产生式知识表示方法 ,运用DBMS管理知识库 ,推理机采用深度优先搜索方式的正向推理     

某型飞机发动机故障诊断专家系统设计

针对某型飞机发动机故障诊断困难以及视情维修对维修技术提出的更高要求,利用专家系统人工智能技术设计了该型飞机发动机故障诊断专家系统;该系统利用自动检测技术获得发动机状态参数,通过智能诊断实现故障定位;系统利用模块化设计思想进行了人机交互界面设计、故障知识数据库建立、推理机制设计、获取知识程序设计及解释程序设计,实现了发动机故障的快速定位,提高了发动机诊断维修的时效性,保证了发动机的完好率。     

An Intelligent Tool to Support Requirements Analysis and Conceptual Design of Database Design

As an application of artificial intelligence and expert system technology to database design,this paper presents an intelligent design tool NITDT,which comprises a requirements specification language NITSL,a knowledge representation language NITKL,and an inference engine with uncertainty reasoning capability.NITDT now covers the requirements analysis and conceptual design of database design.However,it is possible to be integrated with another database design tool,NITDBA,developed also at NIT to become an integrated design tool supporting the whole process of database design.     

SMR (simulating medical reasoning): an expert shell for non-AI experts

SMR is an expert system shell designed to put the tools for knowledge acquisition directly into the hands of the domain expert. Since the knowledge base is represented as free text within a simplified syntactic structure, it is intelligible to anyone familiar with medical terminology. The knowledge base includes the rules for inference making as well as data groupings and protocols to facilitate case recording. In this paper, SMR is presented from the expert's point of view, describing the rule syntax and procedures for formulating the required diagnostic or therapeutic knowledge in the chosen domain. Similarly, the end-user's application of the system to patient data and the provisions for exploring and explaining the system's conclusions and reasoning processes are detailed. Avoiding tedious and often inane dialog, the user enters all that is known about the patient and receives a report of the system's conclusions and recommendations followed by a list of observations to be made in patient follow-up. An expert system for evaluating the diabetic patient is used to illustrate system operations.     

VES：阴道炎症（vaginitis）辅助诊断专家系统设计与实现

阐述基于规则诊断推理技术的阴道炎症辅助专家系统的设计与实现。针对阴道炎症医疗诊断的特点,讨论该系统在建立过程采用的关键技术,描述系统的结构框架、知识表示、推理方法和实现技术。整合数据库技术,人工智能技术及阴道炎症医疗诊断技术,为实现阴道炎症智能诊断系统提供有价值的探讨。     

A formal approach to automating conceptual structural design,Part I: Methology

In the conceptual phase of structural design a designer develops and investigates many potential alternatives for safe and economic transfer of loads that are to be carried by the structure. A methodology for automating conceptual structural design is presented in this paper. Some of the salient aspects of the methodology are: (1) an explicit representation of the structural form, function, and behavior; (2) modeling the structural engineering domain as well as the strategy employed by expert designers; (3) usingcost/value ratio as an intrinsic measure of the merit of a design alternative; and (4) reduced reliance on heuristics with more emphasis on first principles and fundamental knowledge. The categories of knowledge that need to be represented in a computer system to support the reasoning for conceptual structural design are identified. The use of such knowledge is illustrated through examples based on several different types of structures. A constraint classification system (to organize the constraints that arise from structural and exogenous considerations) is also proposed.     

The design process of expert systems development: some concerns

Abstract: A discussion is presented of why some expert systems that organizations have developed are not successful. The concept of design process plays a very significant role at the outset of the expert system development process. This concept has not been the subject of much debate and attention in expert systems development. From the author's point of view, one of the main issues is how the designer (knowledge engineer) thinks about the design process. In general, the designer's process is influenced by the knowledge engineer's conception. This paper endeavors to disclose some of the main factors related to the knowledge engineer's conception of the design process and an attempt is made to put forward a conceptual model of the expert system design process. This conceptual model is an initial step towards a successful implementation of expert system projects.