基片温度对直流辉光等离子体辅助反应蒸发法沉积的ITO膜性能的影响

使用直流辉光等离子体辅助反应蒸发法沉积了ＩＴＯ透明导电膜。通过膜的霍尔系数测量及ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ分析，详细研究了沉积时的基片温度对膜的透光率和电阻率的影响。结果表明：基片温度影响膜的载流子浓度，霍尔迁移率以及膜的结晶程度。当基片温度为１５００Ｃ附近时所沉积的膜具有较高的载流子浓度和迁移率，因而电阻率最低，而且结晶良好，具有高的透光率。试验中还研究了加热退火对膜性能的影响。结果表明：后处理（加热退火）的效果与成膜时的基片温度有密切关系。在低基片温度下沉积的膜经过后处理其透光率得到较大改善但电阻率有所上升，在高基片温度下沉积的膜经过后处理其导电和透光性能都变差。存在一个适中的基片温度区，在该温度下采用直流辉光等离子体辅助反应蒸发法可以不必进行后处理，直接沉积出性能良好的ＩＴＯ透明导电膜。     

基片温度对直流辉光等离子体辅助反应蒸发法沉积的ITO膜性能…

使用直流辉光等离子体辅助反应蒸发法沉积了ＩＴＯ透明导电膜，通过膜的霍尔系数测量及ＸＲＤ，ＳＥＭ分析，详细研究了沉积时的基片温度对透光率和电阻率的影响。结果表明；基片温度影响膜的载流子浓度，霍尔迁移率以及膜的结晶程度。当基片温度为１５０℃附近时所沉积的膜具有较高的载流子浓度和迁移率，因而电阻率最低，而且结晶良好，具有高的透光率。     

气相生长硒化镉单晶体的生长速度研究

以晶体生长理论为基础，计算了气相提拉生长CdSe晶体时的生长速率。结果表明用提拉法气相生长CdSe晶体时，晶体的气相生长速率将会随着时间的延长以指数关系快速的趋近于提拉速度，以后不再变化。由此，在选定温场的前提下，对CdSe单晶体的气相生长速度进行了优化，确定了3mm／d的生长速度，得到了平界面生长的尺寸为Ф20mm×30mm，电阻率高达10^9Ω·cm，且未观察到深能级陷阱的优质CdSe大单晶体.     

稀土磷化物的温差电性质

本文研究了 LnP(Ln=La,Nd,Sm,Y)在低温和高温下的温差电性质.测量了它们的温差电动势率随温度变化的关系.在不同温度区间的温差电动势率与温度的关系而求出的活化能符合较好,说明LnP 是一种 n 型半导体材料,它有较高的载流子浓度和较低的电阻率。有可能在温差电领域取得应用.     

氧分压强和基片温度对脉冲激光沉积的ZnO：AI膜性能的影响

利用脉冲激光法制备了ZnOAl透明导电膜。通过对膜进行霍尔系数测量及SEM、xRD测试分析,详细研究了沉积时的基片温度、氧分压强对膜的透光率和电阻率的影响。结果表明基片温度、氧分压强影响着膜的电学、光学性能和膜的结晶状况。从电学分析看出基片温度从200℃升到300℃过程中,膜的载流子浓度、透光率和光隙能相应zk大。在氧分压强为0Pa、基片温度为400℃下沉积的膜,其电阻率具有较低值,且在可见光区其透光率约为90％。     

氧分压强和基片温度对脉冲激光沉积的ZnO：Al膜性能的影响

利用脉冲激光法制备了ＺｎＯ：Ａｌ透明导电膜。通过对膜进行霍尔系数测量及ＳＥＭ、ＸＲＤ测试分析，详细研究了沉积时基片温度、氧分压强对膜的透光率和电阻率的影响。结果表明：基片温度、氧分压强影响着膜的电学、光学性能和膜的结晶状况。从电学分析看出：基片温度从２００℃升到３００℃过程中，膜的载流子浓度、透光率和光隙能相应增大。在氧分压强为０Ｐａ、基片温度为４００℃下沉积的膜，其电阻率具有较低值，且在可见光区     

氧分压强和基片温度对脉冲激光沉积的ZnO∶Al膜性能的影响

利用脉冲激光法制备了ZnO∶Al透明导电膜。通过对膜进行霍尔系数测量及SEM、XRD测试分析 ,详细研究了沉积时的基片温度、氧分压强对膜的透光率和电阻率的影响。结果表明 :基片温度、氧分压强影响着膜的电学、光学性能和膜的结晶状况。从电学分析看出 :基片温度从 2 0 0℃升到 30 0℃过程中 ,膜的载流子浓度、透光率和光隙能相应增大。在氧分压强为0Pa、基片温度为 4 0 0℃下沉积的膜 ,其电阻率具有较低值 ,且在可见光区其透光率约为 90 %。     

沉积温度对IMO透明导电薄膜光电性能的影响

采用射频磁控反应溅射法在K9玻璃衬底上制备了掺钼氧化铟(Mo:In2O3,IMO)透明导电薄膜,研究了不同沉积温度条件下IMO薄膜的晶体结构、形貌及光电性能。结果表明:不同沉积温度下IMO薄膜均具有(222)择优取向。随着沉积温度的升高,IMO薄膜的载流子浓度增大、载流子迁移率增大、电阻率减小;沉积温度为350℃时,薄膜的最低电阻率为6.9×10-4Ω.cm,载流子浓度为2.15×1020cm-3,迁移率为45 cm2V-1s-1。在可见及近红外区,IMO薄膜的平均透过率大于80%以上。在近红外区,薄膜透过率随沉积温度的升高而增大;在中红外区,由于载流子的吸收,薄膜透过率迅速下降。     

透明导电InSnGaMo氧化物薄膜光电性能研究

利用脉冲激光沉积法在石英衬底上制备出了可见光透过率高、电阻率极低的Ga,Mo共掺杂ITO基InSnGaMo复合氧化物薄膜。研究了衬底温度对薄膜结构、表面形貌、光电性能的影响。实验结果表明:衬底温度对InSnGaMo复合氧化物薄膜形貌、光电性能均有很大影响。X射线衍射、扫描电镜和霍尔测试结果表明,随着衬底温度的升高,薄膜晶粒度增大,电阻率快速下降,可见光平均透过率明显提高。当衬底温度为450℃时,InSnGaMo复合氧化物薄膜的电阻率最低为4.15×10-4Ω.cm,载流子浓度和迁移率最大分别为3×1020cm-3,45 cm2V-1s-1,在可见及近红外区平均透过率达92%,特别地,波长为362 nm时,最高透射率可达99%。     

溅射功率和氧分压对ITO薄膜光电性能的影响研究

采用直流反应磁控溅射法制备了氧化铟锡(ITO)透明导电薄膜,通过四探针、紫外可见分光光度计、X射线衍射(XRD)、霍尔效应仪、扫描电镜(SEM)等对薄膜样品进行了表征,研究了溅射功率和氧分压对ITO薄膜微观结构和光电性能的影响,结果表明:溅射功率对ITO的光电性能影响较小,沉积速率随着溅射功率的增大而加快;随着氧分压的升高,载流子浓度降低,霍尔迁移率先增大后减小,电阻率逐渐增大。在优化的工艺条件下,制备了在可见光区平均透过率达85%、电阻率为1×10-4Ω.cm的光电性能优良的ITO薄膜。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.