电控柴油机在车辆换档过程中的控制策略研究

介绍了某履带车的整体控制组成，论述了电控柴油机在车辆换档过程中的控制策略，并给出车辆换档的试验结果，分析了控制策略对车辆换档品质的影响。     

基于神经网络和虚拟仪器的电控自动变速器换档的研究

通过对电控自动变速器汽车的状态与最佳档位之间的非线性关系进行基于神经网络的计算和分析，得出换档规律模型。利用虚拟仪器技术，实时有效地采集汽车行驶中的相关数据进行分析，所得到的档位与实际档位基本一致。说明采用虚拟仪器技术和神经网络相结合的方法，在研究电控自动变速器换档控制方面具有一定意义。     

重型AMT汽车发动机转速控制

在Matlab/Simulink环境中建立了柴油机转速控制系统各部分的模型,并进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明：所提出的模糊控制策略能够较好地满足起步及换档过程对发动机转速的控制要求,取得满意的效果。     

改进LM算法的液力机械传动车辆神经网络自动换档系统

通过神经网络对液力机械传动车辆"节能换档规律"进行系统建模和控制,采用改进的Levenberg-Marquardt算法(LM算法)对神经网络的训练过程进行了优化,大大提高了网络的收敛速度,减小了网络收敛于局部最小点的可能性,可以实现对自动变速器的档位判断进行模拟和预测,并给出了MAT-LAB仿真结果。     

东风140汽车电子控制节油装置的研制

东风140汽车多功能电子控制节油装置是依据国家能源政策,结合我国汽车产品构成和交通运输的实际情况开发的。它具有汽油机部分负荷停缸、强制怠速断油和燃油经济区换档指示等三种节油功能,用一个电子控制单元进行综合自动控制。其性能/价格比高,方便EQ140汽车改装使用,能显著降低行驶油耗量。本文介绍了阶段性研究结果。     

基于目标油门开度预估的AMT汽车起步控制

建立了一种带目标油门开度预估的AMT汽车恒转速起步控制方法。由于不同油门开度下AMT汽车起步过程冲击度的不同要求,通过油门踏板开度变化率对目标油门开度进行预估,将预估并加以修正的最后油门开度作为目标油门开度进行控制,从而制定出节气门开度变化率和离合器接合速度的目标控制数表。预估前后结果表明,带目标油门开度预估的控制方法,可使AMT汽车特定工况的起步控制品质明显改善。     

摩托车在山区行车须知

1上坡摩托车上坡时,如档位选择不当,换档不及时或车辆有故障,都会造成停车后溜,此时如驾驶员未能及时采取有效措施,就会发生撞山、坠崖等重大事故。预防事故的发生,应做好以下几点:1)出车前做好出车思想准备,克服畏难情绪,带足易损配件和打气筒。同时要认真检查车辆技术状况,发     

透过运营数据看AMT的价值

变速箱正在走向自动变速,AMT作为一种省油的自动变速技术正在走向成熟。透过AMT公交样车载客运营基本数据,分析了AMT技术在整车经济性、可靠性、营运效率等方面的价值和优势,从而使得人们对AMT的价值判断更加全面、更加具有说服力。     

一部皮卡汽车怠速时常自行熄火,行驶换档也易熄火

有一部皮卡汽车,匹配北汽福田发动机,其上装VE型分配泵。这部汽车在怠速运转时,常发生自行熄火,并且在行驶换档时亦易熄火。一般柴油发动机在怠速时易自行熄火的原因为:柴油低压油路有空气,怠转速调整不当,低压油路有堵塞现象,或者VE型分配泵调速器有故障等。低压油路经过排查,未发现异常,怠转速也在规定范围     

模糊控制在AMT系统发动机转速控制中的应用

发动机转速控制是电控机械式自动变速器（ＡＭＴ）控制系统的重要组成部分,与换档品质和离合器控制有密切关系。在分析国内外现有ＡＭＴ控制系统的基础上,应用模糊控制对发动机转速进行控制。台架对比试验表明,模糊控制能够较发地满足对发动机转速的控制要求。     

Barriers to electricity load shift in companies: A survey-based exploration of the end-user perspective

As countries move toward larger shares of renewable electricity, the slow diffusion of active electricity load management should concern energy policy makers and users alike. Active load management can increase capacity factors and thereby reduce the need for new capacity, improve reliability, and lower electricity prices. This paper conceptually and empirically explores barriers to load shift in industry from an end-user perspective. An online survey, based on a taxonomy of barriers developed in the realm of energy efficiency, was carried out among manufacturing sites in mostly Southern Germany. Findings suggest that the most important barriers are risk of disruption of operations, impact on product quality, and uncertainty about cost savings. Of little concern are access to capital, lack of employee skills, and data security. Statistical tests suggest that companies for which electricity has higher strategic value rate financial and regulatory risk higher than smaller ones. Companies with a continuous production process report lower barrier scores than companies using batch or just-in-time production. A principal component analysis clusters the barriers and multivariate analysis with the factor scores confirms the prominence of technical risk as a barrier to load shift. The results provide guidance for policy making and future empirical studies.     

Modeling and design of phase shift anti-islanding method using non-detection zone

Islanding phenomenon of a grid-connected independent generator like a photovoltaic (PV) system occurs when a section of a utility system is disconnected from the main utility voltage source, but the independent generator continues to energize the utility lines in the isolated section. Since islanding causes a safety hazard to utility service personnel and damage to power supply facilities as a result of unsynchronized reclosure, PV inverter is required to have anti-islanding function. In order to prevent this phenomenon, various anti-islanding methods have been studied. Even though phase shift anti-islanding method including slip mode frequency shift (SMS) method and reactive power variation (RPV) method has been regarded as a highly effective anti-islanding method, the analytical design method of that has not been cleared. This paper proposes a design guideline of the phase shift anti-islanding method based on non-detection zone (NDZ). As leading phase shift anti-islanding methods, both SMS and RPV methods are discussed to verify the validity of the proposed method. Both methods are derived analytically through the modeling and verified visually by simulation and experiment under IEEE Std. 929-2000 test condition. It is shown that both methods designed by the proposed method have effectiveness to detect islanding within 2 s and good power quality above 0.99 power factor. The presented methodology in this paper can be extended to design other active anti-islanding methods.     

Preparation of nanocrystalline metal (Cr,Al, Mn,Ce, Ni,Co and Cu) modified ferrite catalysts for the high temperature water gas shift reaction

Water gas shift reaction is an essential process of hydrogen production and carbon monoxide removal from syngas. Fe–Cr–Cu catalysts are typical industrial catalysts for high temperature water gas shift reaction but have environmental and safety concerns related to chromium content. In this work nanocrystalline metal (M)-modified ferrite catalysts (M = Cr, Al, Mn, Ce, Ni, Co and Cu) for replacement of chromium were prepared by coprecipitation method and the effects of promoters on the structural and catalytic properties of the iron based catalysts were studied. Prepared catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ adsorption (BET), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and transmission electron microscopies (TEM) techniques. Temperature-programmed reduction measurements inferred that copper favors the active phase formation and significantly decreased the reduction temperature of hematite to magnetite. In addition, water gas shift activity results revealed that Fe–Al–Cu catalyst with Fe/Al = 10 and Fe/Cu = 5 weight ratios showed the highest catalytic activity among the prepared catalysts. Moreover, the effect of calcination temperature, GHSV and steam/gas ratio on the catalytic performance of this catalyst was investigated.     

Investigation of the benefits of diabatic microreactors for process intensification of the water-gas shift reaction within the steam reforming process

Currently, the steam reforming process is the largest industrial source of hydrogen. Improving its efficiency can help to reduce associated carbon emissions and hydrogen production costs. Intensifying the water-gas shift reaction using microreactors with integrated cooling is one way of achieving this. In this study, a 2-D computational model of one of these microreactors is developed, validated with experimental data, and then used to demonstrate how microreactors can enhance the conversion of the water-gas shift reaction beyond what can be achieved using conventional packed bed reactors. These results are then generalized into a full system model of the steam reforming process to demonstrate how microreactors can reduce hydrogen production costs. The results suggest that microreactors can significantly reduce the required reactor volume and catalyst loading for the water-gas shift reaction and can similarly reduce the hydrogen production costs associated with the steam reforming process.     

Differing perspectives of major oil firms on future energy developments: An illustrative framework

This study develops a framework to analyse the perspectives of major oil firms in terms of their perceptions of current energy developments and projections of future energy potentials, and illustrates their views on the possibility of a paradigm shift in fuel use. The three A's themes—availability of resource (AV), applicability of technology (AP) and acceptability by society (AC)—make up the analytical framework. Divergence in oil firms’ behaviour and perspectives are captured by the 3-A triangle that illustrates how the four largest oil firms in the world balance their stakes among the three A's. ExxonMobil's position is markedly skewed towards the theme of AV, whilst BP has the most balanced approach among the four. Shell and Total both share a similarly shaped 3-A triangle with more stakes placed on the theme of AP. The results would imply that a paradigm shift in resource use or a full-scale transition to a backstop technology is unlikely in the coming decades.     

DFT investigation of the TiO2 band shift by nitrogen-containing heterocycle adsorption and implications on dye-sensitized solar cell performance

A density functional theory (DFT) method (periodic DMol³) with full geometry optimization was used to investigate the adsorption of nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as 4-t-butylpyridine (TBP) and imidazole on a TiO₂ anatase (1 0 1) surface. Negative shifts of the TiO₂ Fermi level by N-containing heterocycle adsorption were observed. Imidazole adsorption shifted the Fermi level of TiO₂ more negatively than TBP. This shift corresponded to the enhancement of the open-circuit photovoltage (V_oc) and the reduction of the short-circuit photocurrent density (J_sc) in a dye-sensitized TiO₂ solar cell. We are the first to theoretically discover a TiO₂ band shift upon N-containing heterocycles adsorption, and have successfully related this shift to the effect as an additive in an electrolyte solution on dye-sensitized solar cell performance.