离子液体中制备无机材料

离子液体作为潜在的“绿色”溶剂,具有许多传统溶剂无法比拟的优异性能,在有机合成、催化、液液分离和萃取等领域引起了广泛的研究。而在离子液体领域无机材料的制备是一个较新的发展分支,现已利用其合成出多种具有独特结构和性能的无机材料。本文就离子液体在无机材料制备方面的应用及发展趋势进行了综述。目前,对于制备无机材料,离子液体主要是作为电解液、表面活性剂或溶剂,本文介绍了其在应用中的优缺点,并指出该领域未来的发展趋势是离子热合成和集模板-溶剂-反应物于一身的离子液体反应。     

离子液体在无机纳米材料合成上的应用

室温离子液体作为一种新型的绿色环保溶剂,在无机纳米材料合成中的应用引起越来越多研究者的注意。目前,已经利用室温离子液体合成出了纳米多孔材料、纳米粒子和中空球、一维纳米材料等。与传统的溶剂相比,离子液体在合成过程中体现出了很多优势,且合成的产物也不同,为无机纳米材料的合成开辟了一条新途径。本文就近年来国内外相关研究进展,对离子液体在无机纳米材料合成中的应用进行综述。     

离子液体负载修饰磁性纳米材料的制备及用于水样中痕量镉离子的测定

以四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)为载体包覆二氧化硅涂层,用1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([OMIM]PF6)负载修饰,制备了一种功能化磁性纳米材料,采用扫描电镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪、振动样品磁强计和热重分析仪对材料进行表征。材料显示出良好的耐酸性,其对镉离子的吸附符合Langmuir方程。将该材料用作固相萃取吸附剂萃取富集水中的痕量镉离子,之后用火焰原子吸收法测定,建立了一种分离富集和检测Cd2+的新方法。实验考察了水样酸度、吸附剂用量、振荡和静置时间、洗脱剂及共存离子等对Cd2+回收率的影响。结果显示,在pH 6.0、振荡10 min、静置20 min条件下,该材料对Cd2+具有较好的吸附性,用1 mol/L盐酸可完全洗脱。在优化实验条件下,方法对Cd2+的检出限为0.2μg/L,对15μg/L Cd2+测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为2.5%。对河水和湖水样品中的Cd2+进行检测,加标回收率为84%～100%。     

功能离子液体杂化固相纳米材料的制备及催化应用

离子液体是一种新颖的软功能材料,它既可以作为催化反应的绿色介质,也可以作为催化反应的活性组分,还可以作为一种客体的催化功能分子来修饰一些固相纳米材料。本文主要立足于多相催化材料的设计合成和应用的角度,结合近几年来一些新颖的固相纳米材料,系统地综述了功能离子液体对这些固相材料的杂化方法及其在催化应用中表现出的一些独特的催化性能。最后,对功能离子液体杂化固相纳米材料的研究现状进行了总结,并对将来可能的发展方向进行了展望。     

功能化离子液体的制备及其在合成中的应用

功能化离子液体;手性离子液体;酸性离子液体     

离子液体在电化学中的应用

离子液体作为绿色替代溶剂在电化学中的应用涉及电解、电镀、电催化、电池和电容技术等 ,在全球环境问题日益严峻的今天 ,电化学及其技术将显示重要作用。本文就离子液体这一新型的反应介质及其在电化学中的应用和研究进展加以阐述     

离子液体在导电高分子中的应用

综述了离子液体作为介质，在导电高分子合成及其电化学性能测试，以及导电高分子电化学器件中（电化学电容、发光电化学池、驱动器、太阳能电池）的最新研究进展。在此基础上。展望了离子液体在导电高分子中的应用前景。     

离子液体在生物柴油合成中的应用进展

介绍了合成生物柴油常用的酯交换方法以及离子液体的定义、结构、性质和制备方法, 简单描述了酸性离子液体作为催化剂在酯化反应中的应用, 综述了离子液体在生物柴油合成中的应用进展并展望了其应用前景.     

离子液体中不同形貌ZnO纳米材料的合成及表征

在不同的咪唑基离子液体中通过微波加热合成出了ZnO的片状聚集体、棒状聚集体和塔棒聚集体等纳/微米结构, 考察了不同合成条件对ZnO形貌的影响, XRD表明产物为六方相纤锌矿ZnO结构, SEM和TEM表明产物形貌主要分为片的聚集体和棒的聚集体, 电子衍射表明ZnO棒具有单晶结构, 片的聚集体的PL谱表明在室温下这种形貌的ZnO具有很强的绿光发射和弱紫外光发射现象.     

离子液体的功能化及其应用

综述了近年来功能化离子液体的设计开发以及在多领域内的应用, 其中包括“双功能化“离子液体的设计和制备. 离子液体—— 以绿色介质出现的新材料, 其应用研究的潮流和趋势, 随着功能化研究的发展, 将超越绿色化学的领域, 为其在众多领域的应用开拓出更广阔的前景.     

室温离子液体中合成方钠石的研究

本文以离子液体为溶剂, 在常压下采用离子液体热合成方法合成了方钠石分子筛.     

Metal Assisted Synthesis of Cationic Sulfidobismuth Cubanes in Ionic Liquids

Bi₂S₃ was dissolved in the presence of either AuCl/PtCl₂ or AgCl in the ionic liquids [BMIm]Cl ⋅ xAlCl₃ (BMIm=1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium; x=4–4.3) through annealing the mixtures at 180 or 200 °C. Upon cooling to room temperature, orange, air-sensitive crystals of [BMIm](Bi₄S₄)[AlCl₄]₅ ( 1 ) or Ag(Bi₇S₈)[S(AlCl₃)₃]₂[AlCl₄]₂ ( 2 ) precipitated, respectively. 1 did not form in the absence of AuCl/PtCl₂, suggesting an essential role of the metal cations. X-ray diffraction on single-crystals of 1 revealed a monoclinic crystal structure that contains (Bi₄S₄)⁴⁺ heterocubanes and [AlCl₄]⁻ tetrahedra as well as [BMIm]⁺ cations. The intercalation of the ionic liquid was confirmed via solid state NMR spectroscopy, revealing unusual coupling behavior. The crystal structure of 2 consists of (Bi₇S₈)⁵⁺ spiro-dicubanes, [S(AlCl₃)₃]²⁻ tetrahedra triples, isolated [AlCl₄]⁻ tetrahedra, and heavily disordered silver(I) cations. No cation ordering took place in 2 upon slow cooling to 100 K.     

新型N-甲基-N-烯丙基吗啡啉季铵盐类离子液体的合成

离子液体对某些无机和有机物溶解性能好、液态温度和电化学窗口范围宽、热稳定性高、易制备,因而近年来成为国内外研究的热点,目前的离子液体大多由烷基吡啶或双烷基咪唑季铵盐阳离子与氯铝酸根、氟硼酸根、六氟磷酸根以及其它大的阴离子构成,在季铵盐类离子液体中,     

Versatile Synthesis of Carbon Materials using Protic Ionic Liquids and Salts as Precursors

Carbon materials (CMs) hold immense potential for applications across a wide range of fields. However, current precursors often confront limitations such as low heteroatom content, poor solubility, or complicated preparation and post-treatment procedures. Our research has unveiled that protic ionic liquids and salts (PILs/PSs), generated from the neutralization of organic bases with protonic acids, can function as economical and versatile small-molecule carbon precursors. The resultant CMs display attractive features, including elevated carbon yield, heightened nitrogen content, improved graphitic structure, robust thermal stability against oxidation, and superior conductivity, even surpassing that of graphite. These properties can be elaborate modulated by varying the molecular structure of PILs/PSs. In this Personal Account, we summarize recent developments in PILs/PSs-derived CMs, with a particular focus on the correlations between precursor structure and the physicochemical properties of CMs. We aim to impart insights into the foreseeable controlled synthesis of advanced CMs.     

离子液体中的不对称合成研究进展

离子液体作为溶剂已广泛应用于许多有机化学反应.总结了离子液体中的不对称有机反应,如氢化反应、酰基化反应、环氧化反应、酶催化反应等.     

Heavy Chalcogenide-Based Ionic Liquids in Syntheses of Metal Chalcogenide Materials near Room Temperature

This minireview describes two strategically different and unexplored approaches to use ionic liquids (IL) containing weakly solvated and highly reactive chalcogenide anions [E-SiMe₃]⁻ and [E−H]⁻ of the heavy chalcogens (E=S, Se, Te) in materials synthesis near room temperature. The first strategy involves the synthesis of unprecedented trimethylsilyl chalcogenido metalates Cat⁺[M(E-SiMe₃)_n]⁻ (Cat=organic IL cation) of main group and transition metals (M=Ga, In, Sn, Zn, Cu, Ag, Au). These fully characterized homoleptic metalates serve as thermally metastable precursors in low-temperature syntheses of binary, ternary and even quaternary chalcogenide materials such as CIGS and CZTS relevant for semiconductor and photovoltaics (PV) applications. Furthermore, thermally and protolytically metastable coinage metalates Cat⁺[M(ESiMe₃)₂]⁻ (M=Cu, Ag, Au; E=S, Se) are accessible. Finally, the use of precursors BMPyr[E-SiMe₃] (E=Se,Te; BMPyr=1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium) as sources of activated selenium and tellurium in the synthesis of high-grade thermoelectric nanoparticles Bi₂Se₃ and Bi₂Te₃ is shortly highlighted. The second synthesis strategy involves the metalation of ionic liquids Cat[S−H] and Cat[Se−H] by protolytically highly active metal alkyls or amides R_nM. This rather general approach towards unknown chalcogenido metalates Cat_m[R_n-1M(E)]_m (E=S, Se) will be demonstrated in a research paper following this short review head-to-tail.     

Model Studies on the Ozone-Mediated Synthesis of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles from Dicobalt Octacarbonyl in Ionic Liquids

Low-temperature synthesis in ionic liquids (ILs) offers an efficient route for the preparation of metal oxide nanomaterials with tailor-made properties in a water-free environment. In this work, we investigated the role of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [C₄C₁Pyr][NTf₂] in the synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles from the molecular precursor Co₂(CO)₈ with ozone. We performed a model study in ultra-clean, ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) using Au(111) as a substrate. Exposure of the pure precursor to ozone at low temperatures results in the oxidation of the first layers, leading to the formation of a disordered Co_xO_y passivation layer. Similar protection to ozone is also achieved by deposition of an IL layer onto a precursor film prior to ozone exposure. With increasing temperature, the IL gets permeable for ozone and a cobalt oxide film forms at the IL/precursor interface. We show that the interaction with the IL mediates the oxidation and leads to a more densely packed Co_xO_y film compared to a direct oxidation of the precursor.     

聚离子液体的合成及应用

聚离子液体(PILs)是在重复单元上具有阴、阳离子电解质基团的聚合物。此类聚合物结合了离子液体和聚合物的一些性质,近年来在高分子化学和材料科学等领域受到广泛关注。本文将聚离子液体划分为聚阳离子型离子液体、聚阴离子型离子液体、聚两性型离子液体和共聚型离子液体四类并介绍了聚离子液体的性质及各类聚离子液体的合成。此外,本文还对聚离子液体在有机分散剂、纳米复合材料、电化学、吸附剂和分离等方面的应用进行了综述。