应用重力资源估算东海冲绳海槽地壳厚度

利用东海地区的重力资源，并参考在该地区进行的地震测深结果，应用线性公式估算了研究区的地壳厚度，分析了研究区地壳结构特征，根据与中国东部地球物理场、地壳结构的对比，指出东海大陆架地区应是中国大陆的自然延伸，对冲绳海槽的地壳性质进行了探讨，指出冲绳海槽应该为东海大陆架的自然终结。     

冲绳海槽及其邻域地球物理场与地壳结构特征

分析了冲绳海槽及其邻域的重、磁场特征，同时对研究区域的布格重力数据进行了上延拓及二次垂直导数计算．根据分析与计算可知，在冲绳海槽及其周边区域，重磁异常的主要走向为NNE向，重、磁场的分布特征表明冲绳海槽及邻域地球物理场变化复杂，变化幅度大．参考地震解释结果，利用重力资料，应用调和级数法对研究区的莫霍界面进行了反演计算，得到了该地区莫霍界面深度分布，计算表明冲绳海槽及邻域地区莫霍界面深度在28-4km之间变化，地壳厚度自西向东逐渐减薄，显示出陆壳-过渡壳-洋壳的转变过程．     

东海冲绳海槽地质地球物理调查回顾与研究现状

系统介绍了国内外对东海海域的地质地球物理调查历程与研究状况，并对国内外学者的有关东海冲绳海槽地壳性质的主要观点及结论进行了分析对比和归纳，希望能对今后东海及邻近地区的地质地球物理研究工作起到借鉴作用。     

冲绳海槽地区地壳结构与岩石层性质研究

用冲绳海槽地区地质、地球物理、地球化学数据与资料，对横跨大陆边缘—大洋板块的中国东部—冲绳海槽—琉球岛弧地区进行综合研究. 根据地震体波、面波成像结果，空间与布格重力异常及磁力异常的综合解释等结果，利用调和系数法对该研究区的地壳厚度进行了计算，并对地壳属性进行分析. 同时，选择中国东部东北地区的宽甸、华北地区的汉诺坝、华南的闵溪和台湾海峡的澎湖列岛与冲绳海槽和日本岛弧的新生代玄武岩开展元素—同位素对比研究. 结果认为冲绳海槽岩石层明显减薄，上地幔低速层已达到莫霍面，在地幔中已形成交代软流层. 元素—同位素研究表明：它不同于中国东部，与琉球岛弧地区的特点也不相同. 综合分析认为：冲绳海槽地壳属于过渡型地壳，与大洋地壳的许多特点颇为相似.     

利用卫星重力资料反演地壳及岩石圈厚度

地球外部重力场由地球内部物质分布所决定,由于地宙与地幔、岩石圈与软流圈存在着较大的特性差异,利用重力资料可以确定莫霍面和岩石圈底面深度,基于上述结论,利用ＯＳＵ９１全球重力位模型数据进行了反演,计算结果表明,地壳和岩石圈厚度与地形相关,大陆地壳,岩石圈较厚,海洋则相反。     

由反射和广角地震数据得到的冲绳海槽最南端的地质构造

在冲绳海槽进行的天然地震实验期间,用海底地震仪记录到了两条反射剖面的数据。这两条剖面上均用3台海底地震仪,长度都约为65km,位于冲绳海槽轴线的西南部。对这些反射地震数据的处理反映了沉积单元的最新改变。两条剖面的广角地震数据的正演模拟揭示出有1～2km厚的沉积层上覆在声学基底之上,其特征是地震波速在3.2km/s～3.5km/s之间。只有一个剖面可以模拟地壳厚度,并确定为10km左右,向着南部的琉球岛弧方向增厚。使用重力模拟对两条剖面都进行了附加的约束,特别是对剖面1的深部构造进行了约束。     

东海冲绳海槽陆坡天然气水合物的地震学研究

本文通过对东海973 航次在冲绳海槽取得的多道地震数据进行有针对性的特殊处理,形成一套针对天然气水合物地震学研究行之有效的处理思路,提高速度分析的精度和分辨能力,压制浅层多次波,资料在保持一定信噪比的基础上尽可能的提高分辨率,相对振幅处理以及用于AVO分析的预处理等.在此基础上对天然气水合物进行识别和预测,我们发现在冲绳海槽南部西侧槽坡附近以及海槽内部发育有一系列泥底辟构造,在这些底辟构造的顶部明显存在与天然气水合物赋存相关的地球物理特征,如似海底反射层（BSR）、与海底反射同相轴极性相反,BSR上方的振幅空白区以及BSR上下的速度异常.从该区域的地质背景资料分析,冲绳海槽不仅具有很高的沉积速率并且海槽西侧的断层活跃,提供了富含有机质的物源以及用于天然气运移的通道,有利于天然气水合物的形成.     

冲绳海槽年代地层与沉积速率

采用AMS14 C ,常规14 C和ESR等方法 ,对冲绳海槽的 6个代表性岩芯进行了对比测年研究 .同时 ,对各岩芯连续性定向样品 ,进行了系统剩磁测量分析 .利用测年数据 ,特别是浮游有孔虫壳体的AMS14 C年龄 ,标定极性事件和极性漂移 ,并据此计算了各站及不同时代的沉积速率 .结果表明 ,槽底平原沉积速率高 ,不亚于东海陆架 ,一般在 1 0～ 30cm/ka之间 ,某些区域高于 40cm/ka ;同时代不同地貌部位或同地貌部位不同时代 ,沉积速率相差较大 ;冰后期沉积速率高于末次冰期沉积速率     

冲绳海槽南部基底构造特征

利用最新的重磁数据对冲绳海槽南部的基底构造进行了推断解释,研究表明,在冲绳海槽南部,莫霍面构造为一南北两端高,中间低的鞍状构造,地壳厚度在15.5~21 km之间变化.基底深度一般在4~6 km之间变化,表现为南段深度大,北段深度小,在北西向断裂系的作用下,基底局部构造大都成北西向展布,说明冲绳海槽早期的北东向带状构造受到了后期的北西向构造活动的强烈改造作用.在冲绳海槽南部发育有两条沿北北东向展布的火成岩带,一条分布在冲绳海槽扩张轴以东及琉球岛弧西侧下坡;另一条分布在冲绳海槽与琉球岛弧隆褶带的结合部位,火成岩主要是由北东向构造活动产生的,而与北西向断裂关系不密切.     

冲绳海槽地震海啸的数值试验研究

在分析东海水深与地震情况基础上,我们认为冲绳海槽地震具有引发海啸的条件,并对该区海啸传播过程采用单侧破裂方式的有限移动源模型和高阶Boussinesq方程做了一维有限差分法数值模拟,给出了海啸传播过程波形和速度变化图.我们从模拟结果得到初步结论:冲绳海槽特大地震海啸传播到上海近海在5小时后,近海波高在几十厘米范围内.     

Investigation of Crustal Thickness in Eastern Anatolia Using Gravity,Magnetic and Topographic Data

The tectonic regime of Eastern Anatolia is determined by the Arabia-Eurasia continent-continent collision. Several dynamic models have been proposed to characterize the collision zone and its geodynamic structure. In this study, change in crustal thickness has been investigated using gravity, magnetic and topographic data of the region. In the first stage, two-dimensional low-pass filter and upward analytical continuation techniques were applied to the Bouguer gravity data of the region to investigate the behavior of the regional gravity anomalies. Next the moving window power spectrum method was used, and changes in the probable structural depths from 38 to 52 km were determined. The changes in crustal thickness where free air gravity and magnetic data have inversely correlated and the type of the anomaly resources were investigated applying the Euler deconvolution method to Bouguer gravity data. The obtained depth values are consistent with the results obtained using the power spectrum method. It was determined that the types of anomaly resources are different in the west and east of the 40° E longitude. Finally, using the obtained findings from this study and seismic velocity models proposed for this region by previous studies, a probable two-dimensional crust model was constituted.     

海啸在冲绳海槽和东海浅水大陆架地形上产生和传播的数值模拟

运用数值模拟的方法对在冲绳海槽产生9.0级地震,并引发海啸的过程和海啸波在东海浅水大陆架地形上的传播过程进行研究.模拟的结果表明,数值模拟产生的波浪符合海啸波的特点,东海浅水大陆架适合海啸波的传播.     

Geochemical constraints on the methane seep activity in western slope of the middle Okinawa Trough,the East China Sea

Anaerobic oxidation of methane and sulfate reduction was studied in the pore waters of four cores at two stations of the middle Okinawa Trough. Pore water vertical distributions of sulfate, methane, sulfide, total alkalinity, ammonium, and phosphate were determined in this study. Our results show strong linear sulfate concentration gradients of 6.83 mmol/L m?1 in Core A and 5.96 mmol/L m?1 in Core C, which were collected from two stations. Concurrent variations of methane, total alkalinity and hydrogen sulfide all exhibit steep increases with depth at both cores, which indicate active methane seep activities around two stations. Pore water ammonium and phosphate concentrations reveal minor influences of organic matter degradation on sulfate reduction at two stations. Sulfate methane interface(SMI) was extrapolated from linear sulfate profiles in methane seep cores. Shallower SMI depths(A: 4.9 mbsf; C: 5.4 mbsf) indicate strong methane fluxes and active anaerobic oxidation of methane in the underlying sediments.     

卫星重力测量数据反演中国西部地壳水平运动速率

在固定的坐标系下,讨论了直立长方体水平运动与其外部的重力场变化之间的关系,建立了地壳水平运动与地球外部重力场变化的数学模型。根据此模型,并参考直立长方体大小以及地形等因素,用2003～2008年GRACE(Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment)卫星数据计算地球外部重力场变化,基于PSO算法(ParticleSwarm Optimization Algorithm)反演中国西部地区地壳水平运动速率。反演结果表明:中国西部地壳水平运动具有整体由南向北、且伴有向东运动的特征;地壳水平运动表现为不均匀,除昆明区域(地壳由北向南运动)外,在南北方向上地壳水平运动速率具有从南向北逐渐递减的趋势。青藏高原南北方向运动速率为10～35 mm/a,东西方向运动速率1～25 mm/a;塔里木盆地南北方向运动速率5～15 mm/a,东西方向运动速率4～7 mm/a。     

Crustal Structure of Turkey from Aeromagnetic, Gravity and Deep Seismic Reflection Data

In this paper, aeromagnetic and gravity anomalies obtained from the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration were subjected to upward continuation to 3?km from the ground surface to suppress shallow effects and to expose only regional, deep sources. Then, a reduction to pole (RTP) map of aeromagnetic anomalies was produced from the 3?km upward continued data. A sinuous boundary to the south of Turkey is observed in the RTP map that may indicate the suture zone between the Anatolides and African/Arabian Plates in the closure time of the Tethys Ocean. The sinuous boundary can be correlated with the recent palaeo-tectonic maps. The southern part of the sinuous boundary is quite different and less magnetic in comparison with the northern block. In addition, maxspots maps of the aeromagnetic and gravity anomalies were produced to find out and enhance the boundaries of tectonic units. Crustal thickness, recently calculated and mapped for the western Turkey, is also extended to the whole of Turkey, and the crustal thicknesses are correlated with the previous seismological findings and deep seismic sections. The average crustal thickness calculations using the gravity data are about 28?km along the coastal regions and increase up to 42?km through the Iranian border in the east of Turkey. Density and susceptibility values used as parameters for construction of two-dimensional (2D) gravity and magnetic models were compiled in a table from different localities of Turkey. 2D models indicate that all of the anomalous masses are located in the upper crust, and this could be well correlated with the earthquakes which occurred at shallow depths.     

Crustal Configuration of the Northwest Himalaya Based on Modeling of Gravity Data

The gravity response and crustal shortening in the Himalayan belt are modeled in detail for the first time in the NW Himalaya. The Bouguer gravity anomaly along a ~450-km-long (projected) transect from the Sub-Himalaya in the south to the Karakoram fault in the north across the Indus-Tsangpo Suture Zone is modeled using spectral analysis, wavelet transform and forward modeling. The spectral analysis suggests three-layer interfaces in the lithosphere at 68-, 34- and 11-km depths corresponding to the Moho, the Conrad discontinuity and the Himalayan decollement thrust, respectively. The coherence, admittance and cross spectra suggest crustal shortening because of convergence compensated by lithospheric folding at 536- and 178-km wavelength at the Moho and the upper-crustal level. An average effective elastic thickness of around 31 km is calculated using the coherence method. The gravity data are modeled to demarcate intracrustal to subcrustal regional thrust/fault zones. The geometrical constraints of these faults are obtained in the space scale domain using the wavelet transform, showing good correlation with the major tectonic boundaries. The crustal configuration along the transect shows how the Moho depth increases from 45 to 80 km towards the north with the locus of flexure of the Indian crust beneath the Higher Himalayan zone. The combination of forward modeling and wavelet analysis gives insight into the subsurface extent and geometry of regional structures across the NW Himalaya.     

应用布格重力异常研究太行山地区地壳密度结构

在深地震测深(DSS)资料约束下,使用做过地形校正的重力资料对太行山山前地区的深部构造进行研究.在4条测线上通过分层剥离的方法分别得到沉积层和莫霍面的空间图像以及深部密度界面的形态分布特征.研究结果表明,在太行山山前断裂带两侧地壳结构明显不同,西面高原地区沉积层较薄,平均在4 km以下;东侧华北平原地区多数在5 km以上,且起伏剧烈,对应于华北平原地区一系列次级的凹陷与隆起构造.莫霍面和康氏面在两侧均相对平缓,康氏面从东部的大约18 km增加到西北部山区的28 km左右;莫霍面深度从东南侧平原地区的大约34 km左右向西北侧埋深陡然增加到42～43 km.太行山断裂带表现为太行山重力梯级带,并在太行山山前地壳内各界面均发生错断,莫霍面和康氏面错断距离达4～5 km,这还证明太行山山前断裂带的确是深大断裂.     

基于接收函数方法研究川滇块体东边界的地壳厚度和泊松比

本文使用沿川滇块体东边界主要断裂带(安宁河、则木河、小江断裂带)布设的37个临时台站和四川区域台网14个固定台站记录的远震波形资料,用时间域迭代反褶积方法提取接收函数,采用接收函数H-κ反演方法得到了30个台站下方的地壳厚度和泊松比。研究结果表明,川滇块体东边界的地壳厚度表现为自西向东由60km左右向华南块体(35km左右)逐渐减薄的过渡带特征:以安宁河—大凉山断裂带为界,以西地壳厚度平均在54km左右,以东作为华南块体与川滇块体的交界前缘,地壳厚度在42~48km之间。以小江断裂带与则木河断裂带交汇处为界,其南北两侧的地壳岩性和组分差异明显。小江断裂带北段泊松比值在0.20~0.27之间,表明其地壳物质组分主要为中基性岩石。而以北的安宁河、则木河及马边—盐津断裂带的泊松比值大多位于0.27~0.32之间。安宁河—则木河断裂带附近多数台站的泊松比值0.30,可能是部分熔融造成的。     

Determination of Tectonic and Crustal Structure of the Eastern Pontide Orogenic Belt (NE Turkey) Using Gravity and Magnetic Data

The Eastern Pontide Orogenic Belt is one of the most complex geodynamic settings within the Alpine belt. Subduction polarity, which is responsible for the formation of the Eastern Pontide Magmatic Arc, is still under debate because of limited geological, geophysical and geochemical data. This orogenic belt is mainly divided into three subzones depending on lithological characteristics and facies changes as in Northern, Southern and Axial Zones from North to South. These zones are separated from each other by near-vertical faults that display the block-faulting tectonic style of this belt. In this study, the tectonic and crustal structure of the Eastern Pontides, which as yet have not been prospected by using geophysical data, has been investigated with potential field data. The horizontal gradient map obtained from gravity data shows a number of steep and gentle lineaments. It seems that these lineaments E-W, NE and NW-trending correspond to major structural zones of continental crust. Additionally, The Moho depth and Curie point depth variation maps of the Eastern Pontide Orogenic Belt have been computed with the power spectral method of the radial wavenumber carried out by using the fast Fourier transform method. As a result of this method, we estimated that the depths of the Moho and Curie point varied between 29.0 ± 1.2–47.2 ± 1.9 km and 14.3 ± 0.7–27.9 ± 1.4 km, respectively. Our findings indicate that the Moho depth generally increases from north to south in the region. However, the Curie point depth level within the crust has an undulating surface, not a horizontal one.