两种结膜瓣在复合式小梁切除术后对形成功能性滤过泡的影响

目的比较穹隆部为基底的球结膜瓣和角膜缘为基底的球结膜瓣在青光眼复合式小梁切除术后对形成功能性滤过泡的影响。方法将45例（55眼）原发性青光眼并接受复合小梁切除术者随机分成2组：A组：27眼以角膜缘为基底的球结膜瓣;B组：28眼以穹隆部为基底的球结膜瓣。术后观察2组患眼眼压、滤泡、前房深度。全部患者术后观察6个月。结果2种结膜瓣的复合式小梁切除术均有显著降眼压效果（P〈0．01）;功能性滤过泡的形成率差异也无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;术后早期眼球按摩促进滤泡形成中出现被动性滤泡渗漏B组多于A组。结论2种结膜瓣的复合小梁切除术治疗青光眼都有相同良好的效果。鉴于穹隆部为基底的球结膜瓣在眼球按摩中有较高被动性滤泡渗漏,因此角膜缘为基底球结膜瓣的复合小梁切除术更安全。     

两种结膜瓣式小梁切除术的比较

目的：比较两种结膜瓣式小梁切除术的临床效果。

方法：将我院132例148眼行青光眼小梁切除术的原发性青光眼的患者分为以角膜缘为基底的结膜瓣(A组)64例72眼和以穹隆部为基底的结膜瓣(B组)68例76眼两组,术后随访6～12mo,观察眼压、滤过泡、前房深度及术中术后并发症。

结果：两种术式在术后成功率及术后降眼压效果上无明显的统计学差异。以穹隆部为基底的结膜瓣(B组)能得到更理想的滤过泡。以角膜缘为基底的结膜瓣(A组)表现出更多的并发症,如晚期滤过泡渗漏、低眼压等。

结论：以穹隆部为基底的结膜瓣(B组)优于以角膜缘为基底的结膜瓣(A组)。     

青光眼小梁切除术中以穹隆为基底结膜瓣两种不同缝合方法的比较

目的观察青光眼小梁切除术中以穹隆部为基底的结膜瓣采用间断缝合和连续锁边缝合两种不同缝合方法的手术效果及并发症。方法双眼原发性青光眼患者20例,左右眼随机分为两组,均施行复合式小梁切除术,采用以窟隆部为基底的结膜瓣。其中一组仅将结膜瓣两角对位间断2针缝合在角膜缘处（以下简称间断组或A组）,另一组将结膜瓣行连续锁边缝合于角膜缘处（以下简称连续组或B组）,形成一密不漏水的密闭腔。观察术后眼压、滤过泡形态及术后并发症等,并进行统计学比较,全部患者均观察至术后6个月。结果两组患者在1个月内眼压控制方面无差异,但结膜切口漏及加压时切口渗漏的并发症间断组明显多于连续组,有统计学差异;术后6个月时眼压控制两组间无统计学差异,但功能性滤过泡的形成连续组优于间断组,两者有统计学差异。结论小梁切除术中以穹隆为基底结膜瓣采用连续缝合对于术后眼压的控制、功能滤泡的形成较间断缝合效果好,而术后结膜切口漏及加压渗漏的并发症少。     

结膜瓣大小对小梁切除术后滤过泡形态及眼压的影响

目的:探讨以穹隆部为基底的不同大小结膜瓣切口对小梁切除术后滤过泡的形态及眼压的影响。方法:选择施行小梁切除术的患者61例66眼,根据结膜瓣大小不同随机分为两组,A组33眼为大结膜瓣(3个时钟范围),B组33眼为小结膜瓣(2个时钟范围),密切随诊观察术后滤过泡的形态及眼压情况。结果:术后功能性滤过泡形成率A组(91%)>B组(73%);眼压控制率A组(94%)>B组(76%)。结论:采用以穹隆部为基底的大结膜瓣可提高小梁切除术后功能性滤过泡形成率,从而能更好地控制眼压。     

穹隆为基底结膜瓣可调整缝线小梁切除术探讨

目的探讨以穹隆为基底结膜瓣可调整缝线小梁切除术的效果、并发症及适应证。方法我院行抗青光眼手术的患者42例(49只眼)作为试验组,和试验组构成相近的文献报导的以角膜缘为基底可调整缝线小梁毁除术为对照组。试验组做以穹隆为基底结膜瓣可调整缝线小梁切除术,术后随访6-12月,观察眼压、滤过泡、视力、前房深度及并发症。结果眼压、滤过泡、浅前房、前房积血、低眼压、脉络膜脱离等与对照组及有关文献报导无显著差异。但试验组角膜切口轻度渗漏较多。结论以穹隆为基底结膜瓣可调整缝线与以角膜缘为基底结膜瓣可拆除缝线小梁切除术一样有效、安全,但操作更简便、省时。对大于50岁的各型原发性青光眼是适用的。为防止角结膜缘切口渗漏,第一针可调整缝线的拆除时间和眼球指压按摩时间最好在术后6天以后。     

巩膜瓣可调整缝线预防小梁切除术后浅前房的作用

目的观察巩膜瓣可调整缝线在预防青光眼小梁切除术后浅前房中的作用。方法对60例(89眼)青光眼患者,在手术显微镜下,做穹隆部或角膜缘为基底结膜瓣,常规的梯形巩膜与小梁切除术。在巩膜瓣两侧做可拆缝线。球结膜切口连续紧密缝合。术后观察眼压、前房深度、结膜滤过泡、眼内组织反应与并发症。当手术后前房形成稳定或眼压回升大于10mmHg时,拆除巩膜调整缝线。术后平均随访时间6个月。结果术后第一天前房形成良好74只眼,术后巩膜瓣缝线松解时间5-30天,平均11天,缝线松解后,结膜滤过泡明显增大。60例患者术后随访眼压3-18mmHg,平均(9.1±2.75)mmHg与术前眼压相比,差异非常显著,所有患者随访中均未应用抗青光眼药物治疗,呈现血管少、弥散而微隆起的功能性结膜滤过泡。结论巩膜瓣可调整缝线能促进青光眼小梁切除术后早期前房的形成,减少前房形成迟缓所致的并发症。有利于小梁切除术后长期滤过作用,提高青光眼手术的安全性和有效性。     

结膜瓣下水囊的形成在复合式小梁切除术中的应用

目的:探讨复合式小梁切除术中结膜瓣下水囊的形成对预测和控制术后滤过量及减少并发症的疗效。方法:186例200眼原发性青光眼随机分为观察组与对照组。观察组行结膜瓣下水囊的形成结合复合式小梁切除术(即可拆缝线、丝裂霉素C和小梁切除术),对照组行复合式小梁切除术。同期进行疗效观察对比。指标包括视力、眼压、滤过泡、前房深度及并发症,随访12mo。结果:术后早期,观察组浅前房、滤过泡渗漏及并发症的发生率明显低于对照组,术后远期,观察组眼压明显低于对照组,视力下降及非功能性滤过的发生率也明显低于对照组。结论:结膜瓣下水囊的形成可有效控制眼压,减少术后滤过泡渗漏、浅前房、恶性青光眼等并发症发生。     

结膜下注入Healon GV对提高滤过泡成功率的作用

目的 观察小梁切除术中结膜下注入Ｈｅａｌｏｎ ＧＶ对滤过泡的影响。方法 急性闭角型青光眼３８例共５０眼,随机分为两组,Ａ组１７例（２５眼）为对照组,常规行角膜缘为基底的结膜瓣下的小梁切除术;Ｂ组１９例（２５眼）,于角膜缘为基底的结膜瓣下的小梁切除术中之滤过部位结膜下注入ＨｅａｌｏｎＧＶ０．１～０．２ｍｌ,术后观察滤过泡、前房、眼压、视力等情况,随访６个月,将滤过泡情况按ｋｒｏｎｆｅｄ标准分型登记,并统计手术成功率。结果 Ａ组Ⅰ型＋Ⅱ型滤过泡占６４％,而Ｂ组占８８％。手术成功率Ａ、Ｂ两组分别为７２％和９２％。术后４、５、６月两组眼压对比有显著性差异。结论 ＨｅａｌｏｎＧＶ球结膜下注射可增加滤过泡的成功率。     

结膜瓣切口大小对小梁切除术后滤过泡形成的影响

目的探讨不同大小切口的以穹隆为基底的结膜瓣,对小梁切除术后功能性滤过泡形成的影响。方法选择于我院施行小梁切除术的患者62名68只眼,依据穹隆为基底的“L”形切口结膜瓣的大小不同随机分为三组,A组结膜瓣切口为5mm×10mm,B组结膜瓣切口5mm×7mm,C组为A组基础上辅以角膜缘连续缝合。对术后功能泸过泡进行密切观察随诊,干预治疗,比较三种方法对眼压控制的效果。结果术后滤过道瘢痕形成A、C二组为0,B组31.81%;术后早期滤过过强A组30.40%>B组9.0%>C组8.70%。术后稳定期功能性滤过泡的保存率C组91.30%>A组86.96%>B组63.64%。结论以角膜缘连续缝合的以穹隆为基底的大切口结膜瓣联合调整缝线术可以提高小梁切除术后功能性滤过泡形成率。     

复合式小梁切除术的临床应用体会

目的评价复合式小梁切除术（常规小梁切除术联合巩膜瓣可调节缝线、丝裂霉素C、前房穿刺术、角膜缘球结膜切口连续缝合）治疗青光眼的效果。方法对79例（105只眼）青光眼患者施行复合式小梁切除术。术后检查前房深度、滤过泡情况和眼压。结果术后随访12~72个月,平均33个月。本组病例术后浅前房发生率低,为21.90%,术后早期滤过泡均形成良好,随访眼压控制理想。本组手术成功率高,为84.76%。结论复合式小梁切除术能有效减少青光眼滤过手术后并发症的发生,提高手术成功率。     

Two-site phacotrabeculectomy with intraoperative mitomycin-C: fornix- versus limbus-based conjunctival opening in fellow eyes

To prospectively compare the influence of fornix-based and limbus-based conjunctival flaps on the final outcome and complications of 2-site phacotrabeculectomy with mitomycin-C in fellow eyes of patients with bilateral open-angle glaucoma (OAG).Glaucoma Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Crete, Crete, Greece.Twenty-two patients with bilateral primary OAG and 8 patients with bilateral exfoliative glaucoma had 2-site phacotrabeculectomy in both eyes. Eyes were randomly assigned to the fornix-based flap or limbus-based flap group by the use of random tables.The intraocular pressure (IOP) decreased significantly in both groups (P <.01); however, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the amount of IOP decrease or the number of postoperative antiglaucoma medications after a 1-year follow-up. Faster improvement in visual acuity was observed in the fornix-based group during the first week. The mean time of surgery was 3.5 minutes less in the fornix-based group. An increased incidence of fibrin exudation, pupillary membrane formation, and capsule opacification was found in eyes with exfoliative glaucoma. The early bleb leakage was 3 times more frequent in the fornix-based group.The type of conjunctival flap in a 2-site phacotrabeculectomy did not seem to influence the final outcome. The main advantage of the fornix-based conjunctival flap is the shorter surgical time and the relatively faster improvement in vision postoperatively. The main disadvantage is more frequent early bleb leakage.     

Cystic bleb formation and related complications in limbus- versus fornix-based conjunctival flaps in pediatric and young adult trabeculectomy with mitomycin C

OBJECTIVE: Comparison of fornix- and limbus-based conjunctival flaps with respect to cystic bleb-related complications of trabeculectomy with high-dose mitomycin C (MMC) in pediatric and young adult glaucoma. DESIGN: Retrospective nonrandomized comparative interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-seven patients. METHODS: Identification of patients aged <30 years from operating theater records from 1995 and 1996 of the Moorfields Pediatric Glaucoma Service who had trabeculectomy with an MMC concentration of >/=0.4 mg/ml. Over a 2-year period, 37 consecutive operations matching these criteria were performed by a single surgeon: 20 with a limbus-based flap and 17 with a fornix-based flap. Except for the conjunctival incision and associated alteration in antimetabolite application and wound closure, the surgical technique was not significantly different between the groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Bleb evolution and complications. RESULTS: The age at time of surgery, MMC concentration, history of one or more previous surgeries, and follow-up were similar in the 2 groups. The risk of cystic bleb formation was greater in the limbus-based flap group (90% in the limbus-based group vs. 29% in the fornix-based group; P<0.001). Late hypotony and bleb-related ocular infection were more common in the limbus-based flap group (P<0.05) and occurred earlier. There were four episodes of bleb-related infection (20%) in the limbus-based group (three of these [15%] were bleb-related endophthalmitis) and none in the fornix-based group. CONCLUSIONS: In pediatric and young adult trabeculectomy with high doses of MMC, limbus-based flaps may be more likely to develop serious bleb-related complications and may develop these earlier than fornix-based flaps. The higher rates of complications could be attributable to the differences in bleb morphology, with limbus-based flap cases more likely to develop cystic blebs.     

Phacotrabeculectomy: limbus-based versus fornix-based conjunctival flaps in fellow eyes.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of limbus-based and fornix-based conjunctival flaps in fellow eyes of the same patients undergoing combined trabeculectomy with phacoemulsification. DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized comparative (fellow eye) study. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-four patients and 88 fellow eyes. INTERVENTION: Limbus-based conjunctival flap with phacotrabeculectomy was performed in one eye, and a fornix-based conjunctival flap with phacotrabeculectomy was performed in the fellow eyes of the same patients. The patients were followed up for a minimum of 1 year postoperatively for each eye. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, intraocular pressure, number of antiglaucoma medications, interventions, and complications were studied. RESULTS: At last follow-up visit, visual acuity improved to 20/40 or better in 88.6% of the limbus-based group and 79.6% of the fornix-based group. Preoperatively, the mean intraocular pressure in the limbus-based group was 21.4 +/- 4.8 mmHg on a mean of 2.4 +/- 1.2 glaucoma medications; in the fornix-based group, it was 21.4 +/- 4.3 mmHg on a mean of 2.3 +/- 1.1 medications. Mean intraocular pressure decreased to 15.3 +/- 3.3 mmHg (P < 0.01) on a mean of 0.2 +/- 0.5 glaucoma medications in the limbus-based group (P < 0.01). In the fornix-based group, mean intraocular pressure at last follow-up visit decreased to 15.3 +/- 4.7 mmHg (P < 0.01) on a mean of 0.2 +/- 0.5 medications (P < 0.01). Postoperative interventions and complications were not statistically different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: With phacotrabeculectomy, limbus-based and fornix-based conjunctival flaps are equally effective in improving visual acuity and lowering intraocular pressure. This variation in conjunctival flap orientation was equally effective in fellow eyes of the same patients, with no difference in postoperative complications or outcomes.     

Medical management of a high bleb phase after trabeculectomies

In the first 2 months after trabeculectomy, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) associated with a high bleb develops in some patients. This has been referred to as an encysted bleb, and some have recommended surgical techniques to repair it and to restore controlled IOP. This clinical picture occurred in 18 of 181 eyes (10%) undergoing simple trabeculectomy with a limbus-based conjunctival flap and tenonectomy. It did not occur among 69 eyes in which trabeculectomy with a fornix-based flap was combined with extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE). Its occurrence may, therefore, be related to surgical technique. In eyes with this syndrome, the authors used IOP-lowering eyedrops and/or pills, along with continued corticosteroid eyedrops. None required surgical manipulation. All 18 eyes achieved long-term IOP control, and in 14 all medications were ultimately discontinued. An hypothesis is suggested to explain the occurrence of this event and the rationale for this therapy. A trial of IOP-lowering treatment is indicated in the management of a high bleb phase after filtering surgery.     

Limbus-based versus fornix-based conjunctival flap in glaucoma filtering surgery.

Eighteen consecutive patients suffering from the same type of glaucoma in both eyes were treated with bilateral trabeculectomy. Surgery with both fornix-based and limbus-based flap was performed on each patient, one procedure in each eye. Pre- and postoperative intraocular pressure, morphology of the fistulation bleb, anterior chamber depth and need for additional treatment were recorded. Half a year after surgery, the fornix-based flap procedure was superior (p < 0.05) concerning high success rate, little additional therapy and good morphology of the bleb.     

Efficacy of autologous conjunctival flap on repairing the late-onset filtering bleb leakage

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of autologous conjunctival flap surgery for repairing the late-onset filtering bleb leakage after trabeculectomy. METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed 106 eyes from 106 patients with late-onset filtering bleb leakage after trabeculectomy who received autologous conjunctival flap surgery at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre from 2005 to 2015. The basic information was recorded, and the interval time between trabeculectomy and autologous conjunctival flap surgery as well as related risk factors, intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were analysed. Moreover, 41 patients who completed the 1-year follow up were analysed to determine the IOP and BCVA changes and long-term success rates. RESULTS: The 50 male and 56 female subjects (average age 39.13±17.96y) included 47 (44.34%) and 33 (31.13%) cases of primary open angle and primary angle-closure glaucoma. The mean interval between trabeculectomy and repair surgery was 60.60±56.92 (3-264)mo. The mean mitomycin (MMC) concentration during trabeculectomy was 0.27±0.04 (0.12-0.4) mg/mL in the fornix-based conjunctival flap group (68 patients) and 0.28±0.04 (0.20-0.33) mg/mL in the limbal-based conjunctival flap group (11 patients). After bleb leakage, the patients'' vision remained stable while the IOP decreased from 10.25±4.76 (3-20.86) to 9.44±4.33 (2-21) mm Hg (P<0.01). In the 41 analysed patients, the IOP was controlled at 15.68±5.11 (7-40) mm Hg in the 1st year after autologous conjunctival flap surgery and recurrence was not observed, for a long-term success rate of 100%. CONCLUSION: Autologous conjunctival flap repairing surgery is an effective technique for sealing filtering bleb leakages and controlling IOP postoperatively.     

复合式小梁切除术中采用角巩膜缘后界1mm结膜切口的疗效观察

目的：观察改良的角巩膜缘后界1mm结膜切口在复合式小梁切除术的临床疗效。

方法：回顾性分析原发性青光眼171例220眼,根据结膜瓣切口不同及缝合方法不同,分为三组,A组采用传统的角巩缘切口33例44眼,B组采用角巩缘后界1mm结膜切口76例94眼,C组采用B组结膜切口基础上连续缝合结膜瓣62例82眼,随访1a。观察术后眼压、滤过泡、前房深度、结膜切口有无渗漏,并进行组间比较三组的临床效果。

结果：术后切口漏水、浅前房发生A组>B组>C组,具有统计学意义(P<0.05),手术成功率94.5%,术后眼压控制和滤过泡形态无明显区别。

结论：角巩膜缘后界1mm结膜切口制作结膜瓣,同时采用结膜切口连续缝合,愈合快,发生结膜切口漏水明显减少,显著能提高复合式小梁切除术的成功率。     

难治性青光眼早期功能不良滤过泡处理的临床观察

目的：观察难治性青光眼小梁切除术后早期功能不良滤过泡的处理方法、治疗效果,探讨有效、安全的早期功能不良滤过泡处理方法。

方法：收集我院2006-01/2012-01诊断为难治性青光眼且行小梁切除术后出现早期功能不良滤过泡(或倾向)者20例20眼于小梁切除术后3～8d进行治疗,治疗方法包括：眼球按摩、断(或拆除)巩膜缝线后再行眼球按摩、钝针头针拨分离滤过泡或联合结膜下注射5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)。所有患者术中曾用过抗代谢药丝裂霉素C(MMC, 0.3g/L)。随访6mo。

结果：经眼球按摩后有9眼获得功能滤过泡,联合钝针头针拨分离滤过泡治疗后有5眼为功能滤过泡,4眼经联合5-FU结膜下注射后为功能滤过泡,其综合成功率达90%。治疗前平均眼压24.61±5.4mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),随访6mo结束时平均眼压为15.20±4.8mmHg,治疗前后眼压差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。操作中和操作后未见任何并发症。

结论：难治性青光眼病情复杂,小梁切除术后极易出现早期功能不良滤过泡(或倾向),我们提倡尽早处理,综合眼球按摩、断(或拆除)巩膜缝线、钝针头针拨分离滤过泡或联合结膜下注射5-FU更安全有效,可很大程度上挽救早期濒临失败的滤过泡,提高手术成功率。