优质护理干预在BiPAP呼吸机治疗呼吸衰竭中的作用

目的:研究优质护理干预在Bi PAP呼吸机治疗呼吸衰竭患者中的作用。方法:60例使用无创呼吸机治疗的呼吸衰竭患者随机分为两组例使用无创呼吸机治疗的呼吸衰竭患者随机分为对照组和优质护理组,每组30例。对照组只作一般性护理指导;优质护理组制定治疗前、治疗中的优质护理干预措施。对两组患者脱机时间的长短、无创呼吸机治疗依从性的差别进行观察并记录。结果:优质护理组患者的Bi PAP脱机时间显著短于对照组(P<0.05),治疗依从性显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:在使用Bi PAP呼吸机治疗呼吸衰竭的患者,采取优质护理干预措施对提高无创通气治疗的效果具有重要作用。     

SLED联合HP与CRRT联合HP治疗脓毒症急性肾损伤临床疗效对比研究

目的:探究持续低效血液透析(SLED)联合血液灌注(HP)与连续肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)联合HP治疗脓毒症急性肾损伤(AKI)临床疗效差异。方法:选择医院2020年06月—2022年02月医院收治89例脓毒症AKI患者作为研究对象，按照近似1∶1比例以随机数字表法将患者分为两组，SLED组(n=45)予SLED联合HP治疗，CRRT组(n=44)予CRRT联合HP治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后肾功能，并发症发生率、28 d死亡率。结果:两组患者治疗后尿酸(UA)、肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、24 h尿量、肾损伤分子-1(KIM-1)、中性粒细胞胶原酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)等肾功能指标较治疗前改善(P<0.05);SLED组患者治疗后UA、Scr、BUN、KIM-1、NGAL水平显著低于CRRT组，24 h尿量高于CRRT组(P<0.05);SLED组患者并发症发生率低于CRRT组(4.44%vs 20.45%,P<0.05),28 d死亡率与CRRT组比较差异无统计学意义(2.22%vs 4.55%,P>0.05)。结论:脓毒症AKI采用SLED联合HP...     

连续性肾替代治疗脓毒症并发急性肾损伤患者疗效及其对血清炎症因子影响

目的:探究连续性肾替代治疗(CRRT)脓毒症并发急性肾损伤患者疗效及其对血清炎症因子的影响。方法:选取2017年5月—2019年11月本院接治的90例脓毒症并发急性肾损伤患者为研究对象,根据接受治疗的不同随机分为观察组45例和对照组45例。对照组接受标准规范化的抗脓毒症治疗,观察组在对照组基础上同时接受CRRT。观察2组疗效和治疗前后肾功能指标、血清炎症因子水平的变化。结果:观察组尿量恢复时间和ICU住院时间均短于对照组,心血管不良事件发生率17.78%低于对照组40.00%,各指标比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,2组患者血清肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、降钙素原(PCT)、血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)水平均较治疗前显著降低,且治疗后观察组血清Scr、BUN和TNF-α、PCT、VCAM-1水平均明显低于对照组,组内、组间比较差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:脓毒症并发急性肾损伤患者应用CRRT可明显提高疗效,降低机体炎症因子水平,有效保护肾功能。     

改良肠梗阻导管置入联合外科手术对急性左半结直肠恶性肠梗阻的临床疗效观察

目的探讨改良肠梗阻导管置入联合腹腔镜手术对急性左半结直肠恶性梗阻的临床疗效。方法 2012年1月～2014年6月我院收治的急性左半结直肠恶性肠梗阻病人64例,按手术方式分为观察组和对照组,观察组采取改良肠梗阻导管置入联合腹腔镜手术,对照组采取开腹手术,比较两组病人临床疗效、Ⅰ期吻合率、术后并发症发生率、术后血清炎症指标水平及术后生活质量评分。结果观察组手术时间(151.34±20.28)分钟,出血量(120.73±26.98)ml,排气时间(2.98±0.75)天,住院时间(6.73±1.84)天,对照组分别为(180.60±24.88)分钟,(163.84±36.61)ml,(3.62±1.31)天和(9.65±2.42)天,两组临床指标比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组I期吻合率为100.00%,对照组为12.50%,观察组术后腹腔感染、切口感染及吻合口漏等并发症发生率为6.25%,对照组为28.13%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后1年,观察组生理功能、生理职能、社会职能、情感职能、精神健康、躯体疼痛、总体健康、活力以及平均得分等生活质量评分优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),观察组病人5年生存率为84.37%,对照组为65.63%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论急性左半结直肠恶性肠梗阻采用改良肠梗阻导管置入联合腹腔镜手术进行治疗疗效确切,可明显降低腹腔感染等并发症的发生率,改善机体免疫功能,提高术后生活质量。     

急性肾损伤2期与3期连续肾脏替代治疗对危重急性肾损伤患者预后的影响比较

目的比较急性肾损伤(AKI)2期与AKI 3期连续肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)对危重AKI患者预后的影响。方法以2017年2月至2018年10月在本院ICU实施CRRT的56例危重AKI 2~3期患者为研究对象,按照2012年国际改善全球肾脏病预后组织(KDIGO)制订的新的AKI标准,将患者分为AKI 2期组(26例)与AKI 3期组(30例)。比较两组的预后指标(住院时间、CRRT持续时间、28 d肾功能恢复率、28 d全因病死率)及治疗前后的急性生理学和慢性健康状况Ⅱ(APACEⅡ)评分,采用Kaplan-Meier法对两组进行生存分析。结果AKI 3期组患者的CRRT持续时间[(188.6±112.5)h vs.(96.3±44.7)h]、28 d全因病死率[66.7%(20/30)vs.15.4%(4/26)]均明显高于AKI 2期组(P<0.05),28 d肾功能恢复率[36.7%(11/30)vs.92.3%(24/26)]均明显低于AKI 2期组(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患者APACEⅡ评分均明显降低(P<0.05),AKI 3期组患者的APACEⅡ评分[(23.4±3.6)分vs.(19.8±2.1)分]明显高于AKI 2期组(P<0.05);AKI 3期组患者的生存中位时间(34 d vs.109 d)明显短于AKI 2期组(P<0.05)。结论AKI 2期启动CRRT能够明显降低28 d全因病死率,延长生存中位时间,改善患者的健康状况。     

血液灌流联合血液透析治疗有机磷农药中毒护理方法及效果观察

目的探讨血液灌流联合血液透析治疗有机磷农药中毒护理方法,并观察其临床效果。方法选择2009年1月~2013年12月我院收治的急性有机磷农药中毒患者40例,分为两组,各20例,观察组实施本研究护理干预,对照组则实施常规护理,比较两组治疗过程中生命体征变化及发生并发症情况。结果干预后对照组心率(102.3±3.8)次/min慢于干预前(125.6±6.1)次/min(P<0.05),平均动脉压(81.2±4.5)mm Hg高于干预前(76.3±4.2)mm Hg(P<0.05),观察组平均动脉压(98.6±5.8)mm Hg高于干预前(75.3±4.1)mm Hg及干预后对照组(81.2±4.5)mm Hg(P<0.05),出现过敏反应、出凝血功能障碍、体温降低比例少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论针对有机磷农药中毒患者实施血液灌流联合血液透析的护理干预,能较好的保证患者循环功能稳定,减少并发症的发生。     

连续性肾脏替代治疗中滤器后加热法对患者体温的影响

目的探讨连续性肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)中滤器后加热法对患者体温的影响。方法将60例行CRRT治疗的患者随机分为对照组和观察组各30例,对照组按常规将加温装置连接到置换液的管路上,观察组将加温装置连接到滤器后静脉端血液回输管路上。两组均于CRRT治疗开始3h、6h、12h时测量患者体温及深静脉置管的动、静脉端的血液温度;比较两组治疗前后溶血反应相关检验结果。结果在CRRT治疗不同时段,两组深静脉置管的动、静脉端的血液温度比较,干预主效应均P<0.05;治疗12h时观察组低体温发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗前后溶血反应相关检验结果比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论滤器后加热血液回输管路的方式可安全有效地补充CRRT治疗中循环热量,降低CRRT治疗中低体温发生率。     

急性单纯性阑尾炎抗生素使用的策略及其价值的临床观察

目的:探讨对于急性单纯性阑尾炎患者抗生素使用策略及其临床价值。方法:选取2016年2月1日—2019年2月1日我院普外科所收治的60例急性单纯性阑尾炎患者,随机分成对照组(行阑尾切除手术治疗)和观察组(使用抗生素类的药物治疗),每组30例,比较治疗前后两组临床相关指标、临床疗效及并发症发生情况,比较治疗前后两组白细胞计数、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平。结果:观察组体温恢复正常时间、下床活动时间与住院天数均明显短于对照组(P<0.05),疼痛缓解所需时间两组无显著差异(P>0.05);对照组临床治愈率为93.33%(27/30),高于观察组76.67%(23/30)(P<0.05);观察组治疗后并发症发生率为6.67%(2/30),低于对照组的13.33%(4/30)(P<0.05);治疗前两组白细胞计数及炎性因子水平无差别(P>0.05),治疗1周后观察组白细胞计数、IL-6、TNF-α、CRP水平分别为(8.07±0.82)×109/L、(27.66±4.85)ng/mL、(1.48±0.33)mg/L、(60.54±12.87)mg/L,较对照组低[白细胞计数、IL-6、TNF-α、CRP水平分别为(10.14±0.96)×109/L、(49.78±5.37)ng/mL、(2.21±0.41)mg/L、(91.32±13.16)mg/L](P<0.05)。结论:对于急性单纯性阑尾炎的患者使用抗生素治疗,虽存在一定的复发倾向,但能有效改善患者临床相关指标及降低并发症发生率,减轻患者炎性反应。     

支撑喉镜下CO2激光联合高频电刀切除会厌囊肿的临床分析

目的 探讨支撑喉镜下CO₂激光联合高频电刀切除术治疗会厌囊肿的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析2019年6月至2022年6月本院收治的会厌囊肿的患者76例的临床资料，按照患者最终接受的手术治疗方案将患者分为对照组和观察组各38例，对照组患者采取高频电刀常规切除治疗，观察组患者接受支撑喉镜下激光联合高频电刀切除术治疗。观察两组患者的手术指标、术后情况和治疗后疗效。结果两组患者的手术指标的比较，手术时间差异不显著[(16.76±5.09) min vs.(17.79±5.32) min],P>0.05；对照组术中出血量[(19.71±4.89) mL vs.(5.43±1.20) mL]和术后的出血率(6%vs. 5%)高于观察组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者的术后情况比较，囊肿复发率(8%vs. 0)和术后疼痛持续时间(2.69±0.43 d vs. 2.71±0.40 d)差异不显著，P>0.05；对照组创面白膜消退时间[(8.70±2.53) d vs.(3.09±1.11) d]高于观察组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组...     

腔镜筋膜下交通支离断术联合腔内激光治疗术对静脉性溃疡的疗效

探讨腔镜筋膜下交通支离断术联合腔内激光治疗术对静脉性溃疡的临床疗效。将2017年1月—2020年1月菏泽市中医医院血管外科收治的60例静脉性溃疡患者随机分为观察组(30例)和对照组(30例),观察组采用腔镜筋膜下交通支离断术联合腔内激光治疗术,对照组采用大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱联合交通支结扎术,对比两组患者的治疗效果。结果表明,观察组治疗后1个月和3个月的静脉临床严重程度评分分别为(10.17±2.46)分、(7.63±2.01)分;对照组治疗后1个月和3个月的静脉临床严重程度评分分别为(12.40±2.34)分、(9.10±1.94)分。2种方案均可有效改善患者静脉临床严重程度评分(P<0.05),观察组方案优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后1个月和3个月的溃疡面积分别为(3.50±2.33)cm^(2)、(1.82±1.43)cm^(2);对照组治疗后1个月和3个月的溃疡面积分别为(7.34±4.01)cm^(2)、(4.27±2.92)cm^(2)。2种方案均可有效缩小患者溃疡面积(P<0.05),观察组方案优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组溃疡状态评分2.00(1.00~3.00)分,对照组溃疡状态评分3.00(2.00~4.00)分,较治疗前均有下降(P<0.05),观察组治疗后溃疡状态评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组住院总费用高于对照组(P<0.05)。腔镜筋膜下交通支离断术联合腔内激光治疗术和大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱联合交通支结扎术均为治疗静脉性溃疡的合理方案,腔镜筋膜下交通支离断术联合腔内激光治疗术疗效更为显著。     

Imaging medullary cystic kidney disease with magnetic resonance

Medullary cystic kidney disease is characterized by multiple renal cysts at the corticomedullary boundary area, by autosomal dominant inheritance, and by onset of chronic renal failure in the third decade of life. Its clinical manifestations are often insignificant and nonspecific. Furthermore, its diagnosis may be difficult in sporadic forms where genetic linkage analysis cannot be performed. The authors report the case of a patient presenting with a sporadic form of medullary cystic kidney disease whose diagnosis was confirmed using computerized tomography with 3-dimensional reconstruction at the nephrography-excretion time and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with magnetic resonance angiography and urography after the injection of gadolinium, a nonnephrotoxic compound. Both imaging techniques showed normal-sized, normal-shaped kidneys containing multiple cysts from 1 to 30 mm in diameter in the medulla and at the corticomedullary junction. A characteristic medullary nephrogram appeared after injection of iodinated contrast medium or gadolinium corresponding to contrast-filled dilated collecting ducts. This report shows that MRI with gadolinium injection can substitute for computerized tomography in azotemic patients. MRI seems particularly promising for the diagnosis of cystic diseases of the kidney and must also be considered when investigating a patient with chronic renal failure of unknown origin.     

Risk of Developing Fibroadenoma with the Use of Cyclosporine A in Renal Transplant Recipients

To investigate the effect of cyclosporine A (Cyc A) on the development of fibroadenomas, 30 renal transplant patients and 20 chronic renal failure patients on dialysis were breast examined with ultrasonography and/or mammography. Of the renal transplant patients, 17 were receiving Cyc A-based combination therapy for immunosuppression. All patients were female with the age range of 29.7 ± 9.2 years in the transplant group and 33.95 ± 9.91 in the dialysis group. Eight of the 17 patients receiving Cyc A had fibroadenomas, 5 of them having bilateral lesions. None of the other patients, those on dialysis and on non-Cyc A combination therapy had fibroadenomas. A significant difference for fibroadenoma incidence in patients receiving Cyc A combination immunosuppression was found.     

Lipoprotein (a) levels in those with high molecular weight apo (a) isoforms may remain low in a significant proportion of patients with end-stage renal disease.

BACKGROUND: Studies have reported an increase in median Lipoprotein (Lp) (a) in patients with high molecular weight (HMW) apolipoprotein (apo) (a) isoforms and renal impairment. Some studies identify Lp (a) levels as a risk factor for vascular disease in renal failure whilst others have demonstrated an association with apo (a) isoform type and vascular disease. METHODS: A total of 239 patients at end-stage renal failure (ESRF) were studied prior to the initiation of dialysis. Blood was taken for Lp (a) levels and apo (a) isoforms. Clinical vascular disease (CVD) was assessed on the basis of clinical history and Rose questionnaire. The control group for Lp (a) levels consisted of 228 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Despite a higher median Lp (a) level in those with HMW isoforms, 30% of patients had Lp (a) levels <10 mg/dl. Overall, 49% patients were identified as having CVD. Diabetes, smoking history and Lp (a) levels were significantly associated with CVD in logistic regression analysis, although when patients with low molecular weight (LMW) and HMW isoforms were analysed separately, Lp (a) levels were not significantly associated with CVD in those with LMW isoforms. The rates of CVD in those with HMW isoform and low Lp (a) levels were significantly lower than those with HMW isoforms and elevated Lp (a) levels, 34 vs 57% (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Although median Lp (a) levels in those patients at ESRF with HMW isoforms are higher than controls, in a third of such patients Lp (a) levels remain relatively low. These patients have lower rates of CVD than those with high levels of Lp (a).     

Intermediate Syndrome after Organophosphate Intoxication in Patient with End-Stage Renal Disease

A 42-year-old woman with a 24-year history of systemic lupus erythematous and lupus nephritis for 8 years who had been receiving regular hemodialysis for 4 years for nonoligoric end-stage renal disease (ESRD) ingested about 100 mL of 40.8% chlorpyrifos in a suicide attempt. On admission to our emergency department, she was drowsy. Gastric lavage, activated charcoal, pralidoxime (PAM), and atropine were administered 4 h later. Her consciousness level improved gradually with treatment, which included hemodialysis. However, on the second hospital day, intermittent fever to 38.4°C, sore throat, and trismus were noted. About 45 h after chlorpyrifos ingestion, the patient developed profound motor paralysis followed by respiratory arrest, consistent with the diagnosis of intermediate syndrome (IMS), even with adequate atropine and PAM. Chorealike involuntary movements of her upper limbs were noticed on the fifth day. Intermittent tonic-clonic seizures, each attack lasting for 3 to 5 min, appeared on the 13th day, which responded well to intravenous diazepam and phenytoin. She was discharged on the 18th day. This case suggests that patients with ESRD suffering chlorpyrifos intoxication are at risk of IMS. Prompt endotracheal intubation, intensive care, and hemodialysis are necessary for life support.     

尿NAG、尿微量白蛋白检测在泌尿系结石早期肾损害监测中的临床意义

目的探讨尿N-乙酰β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、尿微量白蛋白(mA1b)在泌尿系结石患者早期肾功能损害监测中的临床意义。方法自2000年10月至2003年6月对167例肾结石患者及97例对照病例,分别采用对硝基苯底物的比色法和免疫比浊法测定尿NAG和mAlb水平,根据患者尿Cr水平,计算尿NAG/Cr、mAlb/Cr比值,并对两组间NAG/Cr、mAlb/Cr比值进行比较分析。结果肾结石患者尿NAG/Cr、mAlb/Cr分别为1.41U/mol及21.8mg/mol,明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论尿NAG、mAlb检测是反映早期肾功能损害的敏感指标之一,可作为监测肾结石患者早期肾功能变化的指标。     

Prognostic significance of pseudocapsule status in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors

BackgroundWe sought to determine whether pseudocapsule (PS) features have prognostic implications in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 231 patients diagnosed with mRCC and treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors; 188 patients with data available regarding the tumor-parenchyma interfacial PS of the primary tumor were enrolled for analysis. PS status was evaluated as intact (grade 0), merely involved (grade 1), penetrated (grade 2), and absent (grade 3). We applied the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model to assess the survival impact.ResultsOf the 188 patients, 19 (10.1%), 61 (32.4%), 96 (51.1%) and 12 (6.4%) had grade 0, 1, 2 and 3 PS, respectively. PS status was significantly associated with histology (P=0.0206), venous tumor embolus (P=0.0511), microvascular invasion (P=0.0108) and microsatellite formation (P=0.0097). Patients without a PS had the worst overall survival (OS), with a 3-year OS rate of 12.7%, whereas the OS rates for grades 0, 1 and 2 were 78.8%, 50.8% and 43.6%, respectively. Adjusted by other variables, grade 3 and grade 2 PS gave rise to a much higher risk of death across the cohort [hazard ratio (HR) =5.217, P=0.0182; HR =3.765, P=0.0281, respectively]. Sarcomatoid change was also an independent factor for OS (HR =2.932, P=0.0075). In contrast, microsatellite formation was not associated with survival in the cohort.ConclusionsPS status has prognostic implications for OS in metastatic renal cancer. The absence of the PS and sarcomatoid change are two pathological features related to an extremely poor prognosis.     

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) or Intermittent Hemodialysis (IHD)—What Is the Procedure of Choice in Critically Ill Patients?

Although at present there is no prospective randomized study which could show significantly better survival of patients on continuous procedures, the majority of intensivists advocate this technique of renal function replacement due to generally accepted opinion that it has less effect on circulation of already hemodynamically unstable patients. In our prospective randomized study with 104 patients, we also did not observe any difference in 28 days survival, in total survival, as well as in circulatory instability between two treatment modalities. Even in subgroup of 80 patients with sepsis and septic shock there were no difference in survival. Sepsis was the underlying disorder in 52 and septic shock in 28 patients out of 104 patients analyzed in this study Our prospective randomized study did not show a statistically significant difference between the two methods of renal replacement therapy. Survival rates were not affected and neither was the occurrence of hemodynamic instability. We believe that both methods are complementary; IHD for faster elimination of electrolytes and waste products elimination, CRRT for regulation of higher calories requirements and for hemodynamically unstable patients. The expectations that one method is superior to the other in the term of better survival have not been corroborated by the current data available in the literature. The choice of the method should be individualized. ARF, which is an integral part of MOF, is a problem frequently encountered in critically ill patient treated in the ICU, but outcome of these patients depends closely on the control of basic event. Evaluation of each of the supportive procedures is therefore hindered by the fact that the underlying disease has the crucial effect on survival and the type of supportive procedure less so.     

DAA‐based antiviral treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C in the pre‐ and postkidney transplantation setting

DAA‐based regimens for chronic hepatitis C infection encourage treatment of “difficult‐to‐treat” cohorts. This study investigated efficacy and safety of DAA‐based regimens in HCV patients on dialysis or postkidney or liver/kidney transplantation. Twenty‐five patients treated with DAA combinations were evaluated: 10 were on dialysis (eight: hemodialysis, two: peritoneal dialysis), eight were kidney transplant recipients, and seven were liver/kidney transplant recipients. Except for one patient treated with daclatasvir ([DCV]/60 mg/QD)/simeprevir ([SMV]/150 mg/QD), the others received sofosbuvir‐based regimens ([SOF];400 mg/QD) combined with SMV:eight, DCV:13 or either ledipasvir ([LDV]90 mg/QD), ribavirin ([RBV];weight based) or pegylated interferon/RBV. HCV‐RNA was determined by Abbott RealTime (LLOQ]:12 IU/ml) or Roche AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan assay (LLOQ:15 IU/ml); treatment response evaluated every 4 weeks, at the end of treatment, and 4 and 12 weeks thereafter. Twenty‐four (96%) patients achieved SVR 12/24 (ITT‐analysis). Mean treatment duration was 15.1 ± 5.1 weeks (±SD), and two patients terminated prematurely – both reached SVR12. Six patients were hospitalized due to complications of underlying disease. One patient achieved SVR24 but was re‐infected (week 27). Kidney function remained stable; serum creatinine increased in only one patient – SOF was reduced to 400 mg/48 h. Treatment with DAA combinations in renally impaired HCV patients is highly effective and well tolerated. These findings call for further controlled trials and data from real‐life cohorts.