金米冲剂联合化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌的疗效观察

目的观察金米冲剂(Star-1)联合化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗原发性肝癌的疗效,及对血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响。方法将60例原发性肝癌患者随机分为金米冲剂加TACE组与单纯TACE组,所有病例于TACE术前、术后7天及1个月时分别采集空腹血,应用ELISA法测定血清中VEGF表达水平。结果金米冲剂加TACE组术后第7天血清VEGF水平较术前无明显升高(P>0.05),术后1个月血清VEGF水平较术前略有下降(P>0.05)。而单纯TACE组术后第7天血清VEGF水平较术前明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后1个月血清VEGF水平逐渐下降,与术前相比,差异无明显统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论金米冲剂可降低原发性肝癌患者血清中VEGF的表达水平,提示金米冲剂对肝癌的肿瘤血管生成具有一定地抑制作用。     

非小细胞肺癌患者手术前后血清血管内皮生长因子水平变化

目的 探讨非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者手术前后血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)变化情况.方法 选择120例经病理学确诊,有手术指征且术前未行化疗或放疗的NSCLC患者作为试验组.收集试验组患者手术前3 d内、手术后第1、7、30天的外周血标本.采用酶联免疫吸附实验法(ELISA)行血清VEGF检测.选择60例健康体检者作为对照组.结果 NSCLC患者手术前、术后第1、7、30天的血清VEGF水平分别为:(279.14±44.89)μg/L、(282.70±42.74)μg/L、(353.79±44.55)μg/L、(178.40±43.43)μg/L,均高于对照组的(91.40±16.55)μg/L(P＜0.01);患者不同时间VEGF水平差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);NSCLC患者术前血清VEGF水平与其分期呈正相关(P＜0.01).结论 NSCLC患者血清VEGF水平高于健康体检者,其水平在术后1周内逐渐升高,1个月后降低,并且和肺癌分期呈正相关.     

肝细胞癌化疗栓塞后血清血管内皮细胞生长因子与转移关系的研究

目的　前瞻性评估肝细胞癌 (HCC)经导管化疗栓塞 (TACE)前后血清血管内皮细胞生长因子 (VEGF)表达变化与复发转移的关系。方法　采用酶联免疫夹心法 (ELISA)对 3 0例HCC患者分别于术前、术后 3d和 4周测量血清VEGF水平 ,TACE术后 3个月评估复发转移发生情况。结果　 3 0例HCC患者术前血清VEGF表达范围为 154.47± 90 .17pg/ml ,术后血清VEGF表达较术前增高 (P <0 .0 5)。在碘油分布不均匀及门静脉癌栓组中 ,血清VEGF表达增高。追踪半年后 ,血清VEGF水平升高者中有 74%复发 ,而血清VEGF表达下降者无一例复发。结论　HCC患者TACE后血清VEGF表达增加 ,与复发转移发生有关     

原发孤立性肝癌经导管化疗栓塞后血清VEGF表达与碘油沉积的相关性

目的:探讨原发孤立性肝细胞肝癌(HCC)经导管化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗前后血清血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF) 表达与碘油沉积的相关性.方法:采用酶联免疫夹心法(ELISA) 对38例HCC 患者分别于第一次TACE 术前1天、术后1周、术后2周、术后1月及术后2月测量其血清VEGF 表达水平,同期测量瘤体内碘油沉积的体积百分比,然后进行两者的相关性分析.结果:术后1天血清VEGF呈一过性增高,术后1周VEGF的表达降至低谷,于术后2周开始缓慢上升,术后2月血清VEGF值较术后1月明显升高.血清VEGF的高表达与TACE后局部复发密切相关,血清VEGF值越高,其TACE疗效越差.血清VEGF值与碘油沉积率在术后1天、术后1月和术后2月有显著相关性.结论:血清VEGF与碘油沉积率在评价TACE疗效中有较好的相关性,联合测量血清VEGF表达与碘油沉积率可较好地评价TACE的疗效.     

血管内皮生长因子在胃癌血清中的表达意义

目的　探讨血管内皮生长因子 (vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)在胃癌患者血清中的含量与胃癌临床病理特征及预后监测的关系。方法　应用酶联免疫双抗夹心法 (EL ISA)定量检测 5 6例胃癌患者 (肿瘤组 )术前、术后及 31例术后随访胃癌患者血清中 VEGF含量 ,并同期检测 16例溃疡患者 (非肿瘤组 )及 4 5例健康人 (对照组 )血清 VEGF浓度。结果　肿瘤组血清 VEGF含量 (2 5 7.5± 10 7.3) pg/ ml明显高于溃疡组 (132 .0±5 6 .3) pg/ ml与正常对照组 (12 1.4± 4 2 .5 ) pg/ ml;三组 VEGF阳性率分别为 6 9.8%、2 5 .0 %和 11.1%。VEGF水平与胃癌的血管浸润、淋巴结受累及肝转移密切相关 ,且其含量随 TNM分期升高而增高 ,而与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤大小及组织分化等因素无关 ;术后随访的肿瘤复发 /转移者血清 VEGF与未复发 /转移者比较 ,则显著升高。结论　术前胃癌患者血清 VEGF表达水平是反映胃癌侵袭生长及转移潜能的生物学指标之一 ,对术后复发和预后的监测有一定的临床价值     

血清血管内皮生长因子在肝癌介入栓塞后的表达

目的探讨血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在肝癌栓塞化疗(TACE)后的表达水平和临床意义。方法分析63例肝细胞肝癌患者的血管造影结果和VEGF血清表达水平,采用ELISA法检测40例TACE前后患者血清VEGF的变化。结果 43例肿瘤富血管患者血清VEGF水平高于20例肿瘤乏血管患者[(136.80±52.13)pg/mlvs(62.30±31.17)pg/ml,P<0.05];患者肝动脉栓塞治疗前后血清VEGF分别为(87.41±43.16)pg/ml和(128.42±43.12)pg/ml,P<0.05.其中有36例患者血清VEGF水平在肝动脉栓塞治疗后升高,第二次血管造影发现27例新生肿瘤血管的患者血清VEGF水平显著升高(179.13±66.27)pg/ml。血清VEGF浓度明显升高的患者介入治疗疗效较差。结论肝癌TACE后肿瘤细胞表达VEGF增强,血清VEGF是影响肝癌栓塞化疗效果的因素之一。     

手术前后血清血管内皮生长因子水平与非小细胞肺癌的关系

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌患者手术前、后血清血管内皮生长因子(vascularendothelialgrowthfactor,VEGF)的动态变化规律及其与非小细胞肺癌(non-smallcelllungcancer.,NSCLC)的关系。方法采用ELISA法检测120例非小细胞肺癌患者手术前、后血清VEGF水平和60例健康体检者血清VEGF水平。结果①NSCLC患者手术前、术后第1天及术后第7天血清VEGF水平显著高于正常对照组(P<0.01),分别为:(270.8±82.4)pg/ml、(302.7±85.6)pg/ml、(523.8±91.3)pg/ml和(91.4±40.7)pg/ml;②NSCLC患者术后第7天血清VEGF水平显著高于术前和术后第1天血清VEGF水平(P<0.01),分别为:(523.8±91.3)pg/ml、(270.8±82.4)pg/ml和(302.7±85.6)pg/ml;③NSCLC患者手术前、后血清VEGF水平与肺癌原发肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移和分期呈正相关(P<0.05),与肺癌细胞分化程度、组织学类型、患者性别和年龄无关(P>0.05)。结论NSCLC患者血清VEGF水平升高,且与NSCLC的发生、发展和淋巴结转移呈正相关,NSCLC患者血清VEGF水平可作为检测NSCLC患者病情进展、判断预后的参考指标。     

VEGF在大鼠脾内移植瘤模型中的表达及其与肿瘤血管形成、侵袭和转移的关系

目的探讨VEGF在大鼠移植瘤模型中的表达及意义。方法采用ELISA检测大鼠血清VEGF浓度,采用免疫组化法检测VEGF在肿瘤组织中的表达,F8因子肿瘤微血管染色分析肿瘤血管形成。结果实验大鼠血清VEGF水平接种后第一天明显升高,后两周保持稳定。大鼠脾内移植瘤模型中血清VEGF表达与肿瘤组织微血管密度、肝转移显著相关,γ=0.92,P〈0.05。肝转移肿瘤细胞胞质VEGF染色较深。16只大鼠移植瘤模型中肝转移9例,血清VEGF浓度为（2.57±0.68）ng/ml,未发生肝转移7例,VEGF浓度为（1.83±0.37）ng/ml（P〈0.05）;腹腔播散10例,VEGF浓度为（2.47±0.71）ng/ml,无腹腔播散6例,VEGF浓度为（1.86±0.39）ng/ml（P〈0.05）;出现血性腹腔积液11例,VEGF浓度为（2.47±0.66）ng/ml,未见血性腹腔积液5例,VEGF浓度为（1.75±0.38）ng/ml（P〈0.05）。结论实验大鼠中血清VEGF表达与肿瘤血管密度、肝转移、腹腔播散、血性腹腔积液有关。     

鼻咽癌患者血清血管内皮生长因子水平的临床意义

目的　分析血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)在鼻咽癌 (NPC )患者血循环的含量及其临床意义。方法　采用酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA )测定 14 0例NPC患者 (治疗前组 63例 ,完全缓解组 41例 ,复发组 3 6例 )和 40例健康人血清VEGF水平。结果　NPC患者治疗前、完全缓解和复发组血清VEGF水平分别为 ( 2 96.5± 183 .6)ng/L、( 2 78.7± 169.6)ng/L和 ( 3 69.3± 3 15 .6)ng/L ,均显著高于健康对照组的 ( 180 .9± 14 7.7)ng/L(分别为P <0 .0 1、P <0 .0 5、P <0 .0 1) ;血清VEGF水平随着NPC进展有上升趋势 ,尤其是发生远处转移者 ;高水平VEGF的患者更易发生肿瘤复发转移。结论　NPC患者血清VEGF水平上升 ,与肿瘤的侵袭有密切关系     

乳腺癌组织和血清中内皮细胞抑制素VEGF表达与肿瘤血管生成

目的:研究乳腺癌患者癌组织和血清内皮细胞抑制素(ES)、VEGF表达和肿瘤血管生成间的关系,初步探讨乳腺癌血管生成调节机制.方法:采用免疫组化法检测59例乳腺癌组织ES、VEGF表达及其微血管密度(MVC);分别采用竞争性酶联免疫试验和ELISA测定患者乳腺癌组织和手术前、后血清ES及VEGF水平.结果:1)癌组织ES、VEGF阳性表达率分别为69.5%和59.3%,明显高于癌旁组织(P＜0.005).2)手术前乳腺癌组血清ES和VEGF水平显著增高;手术3周后,血清VEGF水平明显下降,而ES仍保持在较高水平.3)癌组织VEGF表达、组织和血清VEGF水平间具有密切相关性(P＜0.05);癌组织ES表达和血清ES水平间仅有弱的关联(P=0.06).4)癌组织VEGF阳性和阴性组,MVC分别为37.5±10.3和22.8±8.3,有显著性差异(P＜0.001),且血清VEGF浓度与MVC呈正相关(P＜0.0001,r=0.63);癌组织VEGF表达阴性组,血清ES与MVC显示负相关(P=0.03,r=-0.45).结论:VEGF是促进乳腺癌血管生成的直接相关因子,而ES可能是肿瘤及其转移的血管生成负调控因子.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Increased apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by ceramides in transferrin-modified liposomes

Lysosomes are a promising therapeutic target for induction apoptosis in cancer cells due to lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) leading to leakage of hydrolytic enzymes, especially the cathepsins, into the cytoplasm. We hypothesized that with the modification of the ceramide-loaded liposomes with transferrin (Tf), we would achieve both tumor targeting and increased delivery of lysosome-destabilizing agents, such as ceramides to lysosomes, to initiate LMP-induced apoptosis. We prepared Tf-modified (TL) and plain (PL) liposomes and loaded with short (C6)- or long (C16) N-acyl chain ceramides. Uptake, intracellular localization of liposomes, stability of the lysosomal membrane and release of cathepsin D were investigated on Hela cells by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Apoptosis was evaluated by binding of fluorescently-labeled Annexin V. Antitumor and pro-apoptotic effects of C6Cer-loaded Tf-liposomes were demonstrated in vivo in an A2780-ovarian carcinoma xenograft mouse model. TL were internalized specifically via the TfR-dependent endocytic pathway and localized within the endosome-lysosomal compartment. Ceramide-loaded Tf-liposomes significantly increased apoptosis compared with ceramide-free and ceramide-loaded non-modified liposomes. The treatment of cancer cells with TL led to increased LMP and cytoplasmic relocation of the intralysosomal cathepsin D. A strong antitumor and pro-apoptotic effect of C6Cer-loaded TL was also demonstrated in vivo in an A2780-ovarian carcinoma xenograft mouse model. The lysosomal accumulation of ceramides delivered by Tf-liposomes initiates the permeabilization of the lysosomal membranes required for the release of lysosomal cathepsins into the cytoplasm and initiation of the cancer cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo.     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Survey of changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China and to determine the need for encouraging the adherence to a sensible diet among such patients.Methods A total of 468 cancer patients were interviewed using a self-designed questionnaire focusing on changes in the intake of specific foods. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Results Most patients completely avoided roosters and carp(73.1%), condiments(51.9%), and meat of aquatic species(40.4%). All other types of the specific foods were completely avoided by different subpopulations of the patients.Conclusion In addition to focusing on disease treatment, medical professionals need to help cancer patients overcome barriers associated with the customs of avoiding specific foods encompassed by the term ”fawu” and provide them with dietary guidance in order to prevent negative nutritional effects.     

Advances in cancer epidemiology in Japan

Epidemiologists in Japan have been performing calculations to estimate nationwide cancer incidence rates as well as 5‐year survival rates using population‐based cancer registry data. There have been remarkable changes in cancer incidence and/or mortality in cancers of the lung, liver and stomach, which were thought to be attributed to the changing impact of exposure to cigarette smoking, chronic hepatitis C virus infection and Helicobacter pylori infection, respectively. In systematic reviews providing evidence in risk/protective factors for cancer sites using case–control and cohort studies of the Japanese population, there were associations between cancer sites (esophagus, stomach, colo‐rectum, liver, pancreas, lung and breast) and various lifestyle factors. In the past 10 years, a hospital‐based case–control study at Aichi Cancer Center provided valuable evidence of gene‐environment interaction on the development of cancer [i.e., the effects of aldehyde dehydrogenase‐2 (ALDH2) polymorphism and heavy alcohol drinking on esophageal cancer, ALDH2 polymorphism and smoking on lung cancer, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism and heavy alcohol drinking on pancreatic cancer]. The database with stored DNA was also used and identified seven loci containing significant but low‐penetrance polymorphisms associated with the development of breast cancer. These findings together with established risk factors are likely to be useful to predict personalized breast cancer risk in East Asian women. In 2005, the Japan Multi‐Institution Collaborative Cohort (J‐MICC) study was launched to elucidate gene‐environment interactions as well as to confirm preclinical diagnostic biomarkers of cancer. J‐MICC, which has recruited 92,000 healthy individuals by the end of 2012, will follow the individuals until 2025.     

Foreign bodies in ENT in a teaching hospital in Eastern India

Objective

To evaluate the nature, common sites, modes of presentation of various foreign bodies (FB) in Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT).

Materials and methods

Observational retrospective study carried out at Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan. The study period was between Jan 2006 to Jan 2007. The information obtained from the hospital record books.

Results

Four hundred and eighty-two patients presented in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, in the study period with FB in their ENT. Out of 482 pts, the commonest location of FB was to be in throat with 302 pts (62%) followed by ear with 119 pts (25%) and nose 61 pts (13%). Amongst the FB in throat the commonest was fish bone and the commonest site being tonsils. Artificial denture accounted for a significant number of 13 (4.3%). External auditory canal was the commonest site of FB lodgment in ear found in 118 patients (99.16%). Nasal FB were found in 61 patients; more common in pediatric age group (98.36%).

Conclusion

From this study we have found that FB lodgement is a very common complaint with which patients come to otolaryngologist. The commonest site of FB lodgement is in the throat. Most of the FB could be removed in emergency room (ER) with or without Local Anesthesia.     

新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈病变中DAPK表达的研究

[目的]探讨DAPK基因与新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈病变的相关关系。[方法]选取维吾尔族妇女正常或炎症的宫颈组织30例、CINⅠ30例、CINⅡ/Ⅲ30例、宫颈鳞癌组织30例采用免疫组化SP法检测DAPK蛋白表达;为了进一步验证DAPK蛋白表达水平,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）法检测正常或炎症的宫颈组织10例、CINⅠ10例、CINⅡ/Ⅲ15例、宫颈鳞癌组织20例中mRNA的表达。[结果]DAPK的蛋白表达率在正常或炎症的宫颈组织、CINⅠ、CINⅡ/Ⅲ、宫颈鳞癌组织中分别为93.3%、83.3%、60.0%、33.3%,SCC组阳性表达率明显减少（P〈0.05）;四组mRNA的表达率分别为90.0%、90.0%、46.7%、10.0%,SCC组阳性表达率明显减少（P〈0.05）。宫颈组织中DAPK在蛋白水平和mRNA水平的表达均和宫颈病变程度成负关（P〈0.05）。[结论]新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈病变组织中DAPK蛋白和mRNA水平均随病变程度加深而减少;DAPK蛋白检测可能为宫颈癌的早期诊断提供依据。     

Socioeconomic factors in cancer in Sweden

It is well known that certain cancers have shown clustering in socioeconomic groups, but limited data are available on recent results and time trends in such clustering. We determined standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for cancer, adjusted for age, period, region, parity and age at first childbirth among men and women in 6 socioeconomic groups based on the Swedish Family-Cancer Database. Persons had to be identified with the same socioeconomic status in the census of years 1960 and 1970, or of years 1960, 1970 and 1980; the comparison group was all people according to the same censuses. Cancers were followed from years 1970 to 1998 or from 1980 to 1998. Both increased and decreased SIRs were found, and a consistent pattern emerged, although the overall SIRs for cancer did not differ much, the lowest being for farmers (0.85) and the highest for professional men (1.07) and women (1.11). At individual sites, manual workers were at risk of tobacco-, alcohol- and occupation- and human papilloma virus-related cancers and at a decreased risk at most other cancers. Manual workers and farmers showed an excess of stomach cancer; professionals had an excess of melanoma and squamous cell skin cancer. Male and female SIRs correlated highly for manual and blue-collar workers and for professionals. The overall population-attributable fraction for selected sites was 16.7% for men and 10.9% for women and it was highest, over 50%, for lung cancer in both genders.