视网膜分支静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的治疗进展

黄斑水肿（macular edema， ME）是视网膜分支静脉阻塞（branch retinal vein occlusion，BRVO）的常见并发症，也是导致视力下降的主要原因。目前，BRVO继发ME的治疗主要包括黄斑格栅样激光光凝和玻璃体内注射激素或抗血管内皮生长因子药物。激素类药物主要包括曲安奈德和地塞米松玻璃体植入剂，抗血管内皮生长因子药物包括雷珠单抗、贝伐单抗、阿柏西普、康柏西普。玻璃体切割术是BRVO继发ME一种有前景的治疗方法。     

阿柏西普治疗眼底血管性疾病的临床研究新进展

阿柏西普是人血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)受体1和受体2胞外区结合域与人免疫球蛋白Fc段重组形成的融合蛋白,是一种新的抗VEGF药物,通过与VEGF紧密结合,降低血管通透性,进一步抑制新生血管的生成.多项大型Ⅲ期临床试验已验证了阿柏西普治疗湿性老年性黄斑变性、静脉阻塞黄斑水肿、糖尿病黄斑水肿和其他血管性眼底病的疗效,结果显示玻璃体内注射阿柏西普能够提高患者视力并且减轻眼底病变程度,为眼科医师提供了一种新的药物选择.本综述就阿柏西普的药理学特点以及它在眼底血管性疾病中的应用、疗效和安全性等方面进行论述.     

阿柏西普治疗新生血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性的应用进展

阿柏西普是一种人重组融合蛋白，作为一种可溶性血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)家族诱饵受体，包括VEGF-A、VEGF-B和胎盘生长因子(PLGF)，从而抑制这些受体介导的下游信号。与雷珠单抗和贝伐单抗相比，阿柏西普与VEGF-A的所有亚型均具有更高的亲和力。阿柏西普已被批准用于治疗新生血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性(nARMD)，国外大量临床研究显示其能很好地改善患者最佳矫正视力，减轻黄斑水肿和降低并发症，成为治疗nARMD患者的另一个选择，然而国内大样本应用时间尚短，国内相关研究较少，本文对阿柏西普治疗nARMD的临床应用进行综述。     

视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的抗VEGF药物治疗进展

视网膜静脉阻塞是一种常见的眼科疾病,黄斑水肿是其重要临床表现,对视力有重要损害。血管内皮生长因子（ｖａｓｃｕｌａｒｅｎｄｏｔｈｅｌｉａｌｇｒｏｗｔｈｆａｃｔｏｒ,ＶＥＧＦ）在视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿形成中可能具有重要作用,因此,抗ＶＥＧＦ药物的应用,提供了新的治疗手段,雷珠单抗、贝伐单抗、阿柏西普、康柏西普是临床上用于玻璃体内注射的主要抗ＶＥＧＦ药物,本文就各种抗ＶＥＧＦ药物的临床疗效作一综述。     

阿柏西普治疗眼底新生血管性疾病

眼底新生血管性疾病的预后主要取决于新生血管的形成情况.目前认为血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)是促新生血管生成最重要的诱导因子,也是抗新生血管治疗中重要的治疗靶点.阿柏西普是最新一代的抗VEGF药物,可以与VEGF-A、VEGF-B、血小板源性生长因子(platelet-derived growth factor,PDGF)所有亚型相结合,与VEGF有更高的亲和力,用于治疗湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性、视网膜静脉阻塞、糖尿病视网膜病变及息肉样脉络膜血管病变,能够提高患者最佳矫正视力和减少中央视网膜厚度,同时在某些其他抗VEGF无应答患者的治疗中亦获得较好效果.     

康柏西普在眼部新生血管性疾病中的应用进展

康柏西普是中国自主研发的一种抗血管内皮生长因子新药。自从2013年被中国国家食品药品管理总局批准用于临床,康柏西普在治疗湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性、脉络膜新生血管、黄斑水肿等眼部新生血管性疾病过程中显示出可靠的安全性和疗效。针对不同的疾病,康柏西普的治疗策略有所不同。本文就近年来康柏西普在湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性、糖尿病性黄斑水肿、病理性近视脉络新生血管、新生血管性青光眼、未成熟儿视网膜病变、角膜新生血管等眼部新生血管性疾病中的应用进展进行综述,总结探讨康柏西普的用药适应证、给药方案和治疗效果。期待康柏西普的用药适应证会更广,给药方案会更多,为眼部新生血管性疾病的治疗带来新的思路。     

曲安奈德联合阿柏西普治疗雷珠单抗应答不良的湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性

目的:比较阿柏西普玻璃体内注射联合曲安奈德后部眼球筋膜下注射治疗抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)药物雷珠单抗应答不良的湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性(ARMD)的效果及安全性。方法:回顾性队列研究。2018-06/2020-05对抗VEGF药物雷珠单抗治疗应答不良的难治性ARMD 60例60眼,随机分为阿柏西普对照组及曲安奈德联合阿柏西普观察组,每组30例30眼。两组患者每月1次分别行单纯阿柏西普玻璃体内注射或阿柏西普玻璃内注射联合曲安奈德后部眼球筋膜下注射,连续注射3次。分别于注射前和注射第3次后1、3、6mo进行复查视力(BCVA)、黄斑中心凹厚度(CMT)及眼压的改变。结果:两组患者在治疗后1、3、6mo的BCVA及CMT均明显好转(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后1mo平均眼压较前升高,但仍在正常范围,两组眼压比较有差异(17.50±4.60 vs 18.30±3.73mmHg,P<0.05)。结论:曲安奈德后部眼球筋膜下注射联合阿柏西普玻璃体内注射治疗湿性ARMD,有效地减轻黄斑区水肿并改善视力,更加安全可靠。     

早产儿视网膜病变抗血管内皮生长因子药物治疗新进展

早产儿视网膜病变（retinopathy of prematurity，ROP）是一种进行性视网膜血管异常生长、病理性新生血管形成的致盲性眼病。传统一线治疗激光光凝，存在治疗相对滞后、不可逆周边视野缺损等局限性。近年来，以哌加他尼钠、贝伐单抗、雷珠单抗、阿柏西普和康柏西普等为代表的抗血管内皮生长因子药物已广泛用于眼底新生血管性疾病，尤其在ROP治疗中不断取得新的进展，并成为其基础和临床研究的焦点和热点。     

阿柏西普联合曲安奈德治疗视网膜中央静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的效果

目的:评价玻璃体内注射阿柏西普联合后部眼球筋膜下注射曲安奈德治疗视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)继发黄斑水肿的效果。方法:回顾性分析郑州市第七人民医院2018年12月至2020年12月收治的CRVO继发黄斑水肿66例(66眼)的临床资料。将患者分为两组：阿柏西普组33例行阿柏西普玻璃体内注射;联合组33例行阿柏西普玻璃体...     

玻璃体腔注射康柏西普与阿柏西普治疗厚脉络膜新生血管病变的疗效比较

目的:观察比较玻璃体腔注射康柏西普与阿柏西普治疗厚脉络膜新生血管病变(PNV)的临床疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性病例对照研究。收集2018-02/2022-10于我院确诊为PNV的患者33例35眼,根据玻璃体腔注射药物分为康柏西普组14例14眼,阿柏西普组19例21眼,比较两组患者治疗前,治疗后1、3、6mo的最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度(SFCT)、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(CMT)、注药次数及临床并发症的情况。结果:治疗后1、3、6mo,两组患者的BCVA、CMT、SFCT较治疗前均明显改善(均P<0.05);在整个随访期间,两组患者玻璃体腔注射次数分别为2(2,3)、2(1.5,2)次,未见明显差异(P=0.423);在应用康柏西普及阿柏西普的治疗过程中,均未发生严重的并发症。结论:玻璃体腔注射康柏西普及阿柏西普均能治疗PNV,在提高视力的同时改善解剖结构,两种药物疗效相似,均能达到较为理想的临床效果。     

新型双特异性单抗Faricimab治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿及年龄相关性黄斑变性的研究进展

糖尿病性黄斑水肿(DME)和年龄相关性黄斑变性(ARMD)是世界范围内视力损害和失明的主要原因，二者共同的病理特征是血管通透性增加和异常新生血管，血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及血管生成素-2(Ang-2)等细胞因子在其中起着重要作用。抗VEGF制剂玻璃体内注射显著改变了DME和ARMD的临床管理，但无反应病例的存在、频繁注射带来的治疗负担及风险等局限性需要克服。Faricimab是一种同时靶向阻断VEGF-A和Ang-2的新型双特异性单抗，可有效降低血管通透性、减少新生血管数量和减轻视网膜水肿。注册临床研究显示Faricimab可有效改善视力和消退视网膜积液，相较于阿柏西普和雷珠单抗具有非劣效性，能维持较长的给药间隔，同时具有较高的安全性。本文就Faricimab在DME和ARMD治疗中的最新进展做一综述。     

Diabetic macular oedema: evidence‐based treatment recommendations for Asian countries

Diabetic macular oedema is the most common cause of diabetic retinopathy‐induced vision loss. Efficacy of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in diabetic macular oedema has been demonstrated in randomized controlled trials. An Asian‐specific guideline for diabetic macular oedema treatment is needed as patients in Asia tend to present with far more advanced disease than seen elsewhere in the world. Previous reviews of diabetic macular oedema management lacked a broader assessment of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor treatment choices and newer trials. Recent clinical trial data allow head‐to‐head comparisons between the different anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor agents and treatment regimens. This review aims to summarize the clinical evidence related to various treatment regimens for clinicians, with a focus on anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapies, and to provide guidance on the treatment of diabetic macular oedema in Asian patients.     

Riss des retinalen Pigmentepithels durch intravitreale Aflibercept-Injektion

Development of tears in the retinal pigment epithelium (RIP) has been described as a possible complication following anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody therapy with substances which have been available for years when treating pigment epithelium detachment (PED) in eyes affected by age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Aflibercept has become available for the treatment of exsudative AMD since December 2012. This case report describes a further patient in addition to the only other case published so far who developed RIP after aflibercept treatment for PED. Patients have to be thoroughly informed about this potential side effect before initiation of intravitreal aflibercept injection therapy.     

新生血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性患者玻璃体内注射抗血管内皮生长因子药物治疗进展

年龄相关性黄斑变性是引起50岁以上人群视力不可逆性损伤的主要原因之一，新生血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性（neovascular age-related macular degeneration,nAMD）也称湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性（wet age-related macular degeneration,wAMD），是其晚期阶段，可导致最严重的视力丧失。血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）是脉络膜新生血管和视网膜渗漏形成的主要因素，抗VEGF治疗是目前唯一实现多数患者视力改善并且停止疾病进展的治疗方法，因此玻璃体内注射抗VEGF药物已经成为wAMD一线治疗方法。用于临床治疗wAMD的抗VEGF药物主要有哌加他尼、贝伐单抗、雷珠单抗、阿柏西普和康柏西普。治疗方案有固定式、按需式以及治疗和延长式治疗方案。Brolucizumab和abicipar pegol是2种新的抗VEGF药物，正处于3期临床试验阶段。本文对以上药物治疗wAMD的研究进展进行综述。     

Aqueous humor and plasma vascular endothelial growth factor in uveitis-associated cystoid macular edema.

PURPOSE: To determine the association between cystoid macular edema and vascular endothelial growth factor concentration in the aqueous humor and plasma of uveitis patients. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. Vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the aqueous humor of 20 uveitis patients (9 with and 11 without cystoid macular edema), and in the plasma of 40 uveitis patients (20 with and 20 without cystoid macular edema) and 20 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Mean aqueous humor vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations for uveitis patients with and without cystoid macular edema were 152.3 and 109.5 pg/ml, respectively, P =.044. Mean plasma vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in uveitis patients with and without cystoid macular edema and in healthy volunteers were 32.2, 29.6, and 55.0 pg/ml, respectively. Uveitis patients had lower plasma vascular endothelial growth factor levels than did healthy volunteers, P =.0002. CONCLUSION: In uveitis patients, vascular endothelial growth factor concentration is increased in the aqueous humor of eyes with cystoid macular edema. It may be useful to investigate vascular endothelial growth factor antagonists as a treatment for uveitis-associated cystoid macular edema.     

Inflammatory cystoid macular edema

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of this article is to update our current understanding and management of inflammatory cystoid macular edema. RECENT FINDINGS: Cystoid macular edema is a common cause of visual loss in uveitis, which occurs predominantly in older patients with chronic uveitis forms and might be heralded by subclinical changes on optic coherence tomography. Cystoid macular edema is emerging as a major cause of visual loss in HIV-infected patients with immune recovery uveitis. Elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and vascular endothelial growth factor were found in all types of cystoid macular edema. Treatment with anti-inflammatory and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs is widely applied for all forms of cystoid macular edema and usually has a beneficial, but temporary effect. So far, there are no clear guidelines for the treatment of subclinical cystoid macular edema in uveitis. The effect of vitrectomy in inflammatory cystoid macular edema is not yet clear and might become more important in the future. Recent advances in management include intravitreal drug delivery systems of cystoid macular edema-modifying drugs. SUMMARY: This review summarizes current thoughts on inflammatory cystoid macular edema focusing on the new, clinically relevant findings. Upcoming data on aqueous constituents in cystoid macular edema and imaging with the new generation of optic coherence tomography offer the hope that a better treatment strategy will soon be established.     

Aflibercept for diabetic macular oedema: a Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

AIM: To evaluate the relative efficacy and safety of aflibercept for treatment of diabetic macular oedema (DMO). METHODS: A comprehensive search in MEDLINE, CENTRAL and EMBASE was undertaken for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) versus another treatment. Primary outcome measures were proportion of patients with at least 15 letters of gain or loss on a logMAR visual acuity chart, and change in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) from baseline. Safety outcomes were rates of death, thromboembolic events and any systemic or ocular serious adverse events. The final search was performed on November 2017. RESULTS: Four RCTs were included. Only one trial compared efficacy and safety of aflibercept with bevacizumab and ranibizumab over 1 or 2y. Three trials were included for Meta-analysis comprising 661 patients (331 in the aflibercept, and 330 in the photocoagulation group). Aflibercept was more efficacious compared to photocoagulation in the proportion of patients with at least 15 letters of improvement and worsening, and in improvement of BCVA and reduction in CMT at 1 or 2y. The safety estimates at 1 or 2y did not differ statistically. CONCLUSION: Aflibercept offers superior benefits over photocoagulation in improving and preserving vision, with no differences in safety. Further comparative effectiveness trials between aflibercept and other anti-VEGF agents will aid ophthalmologists in treatment decisions.     

雷珠单抗治疗湿性AMD的研究进展

湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration,AMD)是老年人群视力丧失的主要原因之一,目前其发病原因尚不明确.研究已证实血管内皮生长因子与湿性AMD有明确相关性,已有多种抗血管内皮生长因子的药物应用于其治疗.玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗能抑制血管内皮生长因子,阻断新生血管生长及渗漏而发挥治疗作用,其在湿性AMD的治疗中已显示出确切疗效.本文对雷珠单抗治疗湿性AMD的进展作一综述,包括雷珠单抗治疗湿性AMD的方案及疗效,影响其疗效的因素,联合治疗,以及雷珠单抗治疗湿性AMD的不良反应等几个方面.