结合LOG算子和大津法的遥感影像边缘检测方法

针对遥感影像具有丰富的细节和混合噪声,采用传统高斯拉普拉斯(LOG)算子难以有效地提取遥感影像地物边缘信息,文章提出一种结合LOG算子和大津法(Otsu法)的遥感影像地物边缘信息提取算法。此算法采用中值滤波对原始影像进行消噪,利用Otsu算法对滤波后影像进行自适应阈值分割得到目标影像,采用LOG算子对目标影像进行边缘信息提取。以安宁某区域的遥感影像为例,实验结果表明,提出的算法与传统LOG算子相比,具有更高的提取精度,能有效地提取出遥感影像的真实边缘、减少伪边缘。     

基于边缘约束的高分辨率遥感影像分割算法研究

影像分割是面向对象影像分析的基础,已经发展出许多算法。随着遥感影像空间分辨率的提高,复杂的噪声和丰富的细节信息给影像分割带来了巨大的挑战。分水岭变换能够得到连续封闭的边缘,但存在严重的过分割现象,为了解决这个问题,本文提出Canny算子边缘约束下的分水岭分割算法。首先,对遥感影像进行分水岭变换和Canny边缘检测;以Canny边缘作为参考数据,以分水岭的结果和Canny算子检测出的边缘的重合度和相邻区域的特征差异为标准对分水岭图像进行区域合并,得到最终分割结果。实验结果表明,该算法能够有效解决分水岭变换的过分割问题,准确提取出主要地物目标的边界轮廓。     

基于星载SAR影像的苏北地区海岸线提取研究

介绍了K-means聚类分割法和形态学处理,并对比了几种边缘算子;针对Prewitt算子和Roberts算子在像素点邻近区域内受噪声影响较大、边缘检测效果不佳的问题,选用Canny算子提取海岸线.首先对SAR影像进行K-means算法、形态学处理,再采用Canny算子提取海岸线.与其他边缘提取算法相比,该方法提取的海岸...     

一种顾及空间关系的遥感影像阴影检测算法

以城市区域内高大建筑阴影为研究对象,针对现有的阴影检测算法在复杂地物环境下检测精度和可靠性不高的问题,提出了一种结合颜色空间特征和空间关系的遥感影像阴影检测方法。首先,采用SLIC超像素算法对影像进行分割;然后基于Lab和HSI颜色空间构建初步检测条件,将阴影划分为阴影主体区域和待检测区域;最后,借助Canny边缘检测信息合并待判别区域内的超像素块,并利用阴影区域与造成干扰区域间的空间位置关系构建的检测条件进行判别。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效提高复杂地物环境下遥感影像阴影的检测精度和算法可靠性。     

一种改进的SAR影像边缘检测方法

由于SAR影像具有乘性相干斑噪声,某些对光学影像有较好检测性能的边缘检测算子,对于SAR影像并不适用,因此本文提出了一种将改进后的Ratio算子与Canny算子相组合的新方法。首先采用多种客观评价指标,得出经典方法中的Lee滤波能有效去除噪声,且最大限度保留了梯度信息,适用于边缘检测;然后对边缘检测具有恒虚警特性的Ratio算子进行改进,改进后的算子更利于影像归一化处理;最后利用改进后的Ratio算子与Canny算子组合成新方法。试验结果证明,组合后的新方法显著提高了边缘检测正确率和定位精度,改善了边缘连续性,具有一定的有效性和实用性。     

一种改进的Canny算子边缘检测算法

介绍Canny算子边缘检测的基本原理,并对其性能进行分析和评价。针对传统Canny算子在滤波过程中存在的缺陷,提出一种基于自适应平滑滤波的改进Canny边缘检测算子,该算法根据图像中像元灰度值的突变特性,自适应的改变滤波器的权值,在平滑图像的过程中使图像的边缘锐化。在计算梯度幅值的时候采用了邻域的梯度幅值计算方法,考虑了像素对角线方向的梯度计算,进一步抑制了噪声的影响。通过对实验图像的分析表明,改进的检测算法对图像边缘提取具有较好的检测精度和准确性。     

结合L0平滑和超像素的高空间遥感影像非监督分类

针对基于像元的非监督分类方法对高空间遥感影像分类时易形成“椒盐”噪声和产生大量错分、漏分的问题,提出了一种结合L0平滑和超像素的非监督分类方法．首先采用L0算法对高空间遥感影像进行平滑操作,减少大量图像噪声及冗余信息;然后采用简单的线性迭代聚类（SLIC）超像素方法处理平滑后图像,进一步抑制椒盐现象的同时降低处理复杂度,得到初始聚类图;最后采用K-means非监督分类方法得到最终分类结果图．为验证本文提出的方法,选取3景高空间遥感影像作为实验数据．试验结果表明,采用提出的方法能准确对地物分类,且总体精度分别达到了72.46％、77.55％和78.44％,Kappa系数分别达到0.788、0.779和0.779．提出方法能有效解决分类中存在的“椒盐”现象,可提高分类精度,对高空间遥感影像分类具有一定的参考价值．      

遥感图像分割的低维纹理特征算子与双变异蝴蝶优化算法

针对光学遥感影像受天气影响导致部分地物间形成弱边缘问题,提出一种低维纹理特征算子与双变异蝴蝶优化算法。首先提出一种适用于遥感影像的低维完备局部三值模式的纹理特征提取算子,并将其引入简单线性迭代聚类算法,对遥感影像进行初始分割,减小了噪音影响,同时增强算法对弱边缘的敏感度和分割准确性;然后采用双变异蝴蝶优化的支持向量机合并同质超像素块,以简单线性迭代聚类算法和低维纹理特征算子得到的综合特征作为输入,得到最终分割图像。利用2组高分辨率遥感影像进行分割实验,并与当下流行的卷积神经网络进行对比,实验结果表明,所提算法相较于传统算法对弱边缘有更好的分割效果,数据一的边界回归率(boundary recall,BR)值较对比算法平均提高了1.9%,Kappa系数平均提高了0.036;数据二的BR值较对比算法平均提高了2.33%,Kappa系数平均提高了0.027。对比实验证明了所提算法相较于卷积神经网络有更好的泛化性。     

基于数学形态学的遥感影像边缘检测研究

针对含有复杂地物、边缘密度大的遥感影像,提出了一种基于多结构元素形态学的边缘检测方法。首先,根据遥感影像的特点,用形态学的开闭滤波器去除影像中的噪声点。然后基于多结构元素形态学进行边缘检测,最后,对边缘检测结果进行二值化及细化处理。并同Sobel及Canny算子的检测结果进行了比较。结果证明,该方法能有效地提取边缘、保护细节。     

彩色扫描地形图的分色方法

本文提出了一种新的地形图分色方法。首先去除背景像素,然后根据灰度梯度值提取主色像素,利用直方图模糊c-均值(FCM)聚类方法对主色像素进行颜色聚类,对去背景后的图像进行Canny算子的边缘检测。最后,利用加壳变换和障碍距离变换工具对符号周围的过渡像素进行聚类,从而实现黑棕兰绿四个分版图的提取。该方法效率较高,受图纸扫描质量的影响不大,分色效果较理想。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。