^99Tc^m—MIBI双时相显像定位诊断继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症的价值

目的探讨^99Tc^m-MIBI双时相显像在定位诊断继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症（SHPT）中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2010年至2013年间20例（男8例,女12例,平均年龄49．6岁）行甲状旁腺切除术的肾性SHPT患者影像学资料,以术后病理结果为“金标准”,计算^99Tc^m-MIBI双时相SPECT／CT显像结果与彩色多普勒超声（CDUS）对SHPT的诊断效能,同时对延迟显像中甲状旁腺摄取的最高放射性比值（T／NT）与患者近期全段PTH（iPTH）水平及术中切除的相应甲状旁腺体积的关系作分析。采用x^2检验、Pearson相关或Spearson相关分析数据。结果^99Tc^m-MIBI双时相显像和CDUS诊断SHPT的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确性分别为66．67％（44／66）、100％（14／14）、100％（44／44）、38．89％（14／36）、72．50％（58／80）和78．19％（43／55）、52．38％（11／21）、81．13％（43／53）、47．83％（11／23）、71．05％（54／76）。二者诊断SHPT的特异性和阳性预测值差异有统计学意义（x^2=9．33和9．26,均P〈0．05）,其余3个指标差异均无统计学意义（x^2=1．97、0．04和0．46,均P〉0．05）。最高T／NT与患者iPTH水平及手术切除的相应甲状旁腺体积均呈正相关（r=0．638,rs=0．571,均P〈0．05）。结论^99Tc^m-MIBISPECT／CT显像诊断SHPT的特异性高于CDUS0^99Tc^m-MIBI双时相显像可准确定位功能亢进的甲状旁腺,为手术治疗提供依据。     

^99Tc^m-MIBI／^90Tc^mO4-显像减影法在甲状旁腺腺瘤术前定位诊断中的价值

目的本研究比较^99Tc^m-MIBI／^90Tc^mO4-显像减影法与其他影像方法对术前甲状旁腺瘤定位诊断的价值,并探讨腺瘤大小、重量、血PTH及血钙对此核素显像的影响。方法回顾性分析了17例病理证实为甲状旁腺腺瘤患者,术前均行此核素显像及B超,其中15例行CT,10例行MRI检查。结果核素显像的灵敏度为70．59％,高于B超（58．82％）、CT（66．67％）及MRI（50．00％）。在核素显像阳性组（n=12）之腺瘤重量明显大于阴性组（n=5）,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;组间腺瘤最大径、血清PrrH及血钙无统计学差异。结论^99Tc^m-MIBI／^90Tc^mO4-显像减影法在术前甲状旁腺腺瘤的定位诊断中具有重要价值。     

甲旁亢患者99 TCm-MIBI显像异常二例

延迟法^99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异脯（MIBI）显像是诊断甲状旁腺功能亢进症（简称甲旁亢）常用的方法。现将2例腺瘤型甲旁亢患者的^99Tc^m-MIBI显像异常表现报道如下。     

甲状旁腺腺瘤伴甲状腺腺瘤99Tcm-MIBI显像一例

^99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈（MIBI）甲状旁腺平面显像诊断甲状旁腺腺瘤有2种阳性显像图，即甲状腺下缘型——单侧甲状腺下极外见浓聚灶和甲状腺腺体型——一侧甲状腺腺内见放射性浓聚灶，前者多见，后者少见。^99Tc^m-MIBI是一种亲肿瘤显像剂，可被甲状旁腺腺瘤和甲状腺腺瘤摄取。因此，鉴别甲状腺腺体型的甲状旁腺腺瘤与甲状腺腺瘤是避免误诊的关键。笔者报道一例罕见甲状旁腺腺瘤伴甲状腺腺瘤的^99Tc^m-MIBI显像结果，供读者参考。     

SPECT/CT双时相联合减影技术诊断甲状旁腺功能亢进症的增益价值

目的探讨在99Tcm-MIBI双时相平面显像的基础上联合减影平面显像及SPECT/CT融合显像对甲状旁腺功能亢进症（以下简称甲旁亢）患者术前诊断的增益价值。方法2015年3月至2016年3月序贯纳入本院甲旁亢患者28例。所有患者行放射性核素显像前1~2周检测血清甲状腺旁腺激素（PTH）及血钙值。静脉注射99TcmO₄-40~60 MBq后行甲状腺99TcmO₄-显像;待采集结束后,再次静脉注射99Tcm-MIBI 600 MBq,行早期99Tcm-MIBI平面显像,后行SPECT/CT融合显像。在行99Tcm-MIBI延迟平面显像后,获得减影平面显像。以病理诊断结果为金标准,计算各显像技术的诊断效能。显像技术检出病灶数据的比较采用配对卡方检验,其他数值型变量采用Wilcoxon秩和检验。结果原发性和继发性甲旁亢患者术前检测PTH水平分别为（102.4±88.8）、（98.2±53.6）pmol/L,血钙水平分别为（2.9±0.3）、（1.9±0.2）mmol/L。28例甲旁亢患者共发现可疑性结节55处,其中40处甲旁亢病灶,15处非甲旁亢病灶。双时相检出19处病灶和2处阳性浓聚灶,其灵敏度为47.5%（19/40）。在双时相诊断甲旁亢病灶为阴性结果的患者中,减影相检出其他5处病灶,提高了病灶检出的灵敏度（60.0%）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=2.716,P=0.125）。SPECT/CT融合显像检出甲旁亢病灶26处,将双时相和减影相联合分析,检出甲旁亢病灶25处、非甲旁亢病灶4处;将双时相联合SPECT/CT融合显像分析,检出甲旁亢病灶26处、非甲旁亢病灶1处。减影相联合SPECT/CT融合显像与全部联合显像诊断效能相同,检出甲旁亢病灶27处、非甲旁亢病灶1处,其灵敏度和特异度较双时相（67.5% vs.47.5%和93.3% vs.86.7%）提高,差异均有统计学意义（χ2=6.635,P=0.02;χ2=4.432,P=0.04）。结论甲旁亢患者在行常规双时相平面显像的基础上联合减影平面显像及SPECT/CT融合显像,较单纯行双时相平面显像可以提高患者病灶的检出率。     

99 Tcm-MIBI显像定位诊断功能亢进性异位甲状旁腺

目的：探讨99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈（MIBI）显像对于异位甲状旁腺所致原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进（简称甲旁亢）的显像特点，提高甲状旁腺术前定位的准确性。方法：61例原发性甲旁患者采用99Tcm-MIBI显像（减影法6例，双时相法55例），其中52例有B超（US），15例有CT检查，全部病例均经手术和病理检查证实。结果：61例中发现异位甲状帝腺16例（26．2％），位置分别为：颈动脉鞘内3例，下颈部处伸至胸骨后6例，纵隔内7例，99Tcm-MIBI显像全部检出（100％），与手术部位一致，US检查15例，检出8例（53．3％），均位于颈部，纵隔内6例及颈动脉鞘内1例未检出。CT检查7例，纵隔内6例检出2例（28．6％），病理检查诊断：腺瘤14例，增生2例，病灶最小1g，最大＞60d,99Tcm-MIBI显像示病灶小者为放射性均匀浓聚，大者常有囊性变，甚至完全为囊肿样。位于甲状腺影像外者，双时相法的初始相即可显示，但位于纵隔深部病变的解剖关系不能精确表达，结论：99Tcm-MIBI显像是最有效的探测异位甲状旁腺的方法，缺点是对于纵隔深部病灶的解剖定位不够清楚，应加断显像或加做CT检查。     

^99Tc^m—MIBISPECT结合定位CT显像诊断功能亢进异位甲状旁腺的价值

目的评价^99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈（MIBI）SPECT结合定位CT显像对功能亢进异位甲状旁腺的定位诊断价值。方法回顾性分析28例功能亢进异位甲状旁腺患者的手术、病理及影像资料。28例均行常规CT检查,其中25例先行双时相^99Tc^m-MIBI显像,对甲状腺外存在异常放射性浓聚灶患者,随即进行SPECT结合定位CT采集,经计算机处理得到二者融合图像,对放射性浓聚灶进行精确定位。以手术及病理检查结果为检查“金标准”,所有患者均按4个甲状旁腺计算,经手术及病理检查证实的为阳性,其余判为阴性。CT检查与核医学显像结果的比较采用四格表,检验。结果手术中28例患者共摘除28个异位病灶,均为单发。病理检查结果均为腺瘤。28例患者常规CT检查共发现22个阳性病灶,其中真阳性17个,假阳性5个,另假阴性11个,真阴性79个;25例^99Tc^m-MIBISPECT结合定位CT显像发现阳性病灶23个,无假阳性,另假阴性2个,真阴性75个。常规CT检查与核医学显像对检出病理性甲状旁腺的灵敏度分别为61％（17／28）、92％（23／25）,特异性为94％（79／84）、100％（75／75）,准确性为86％（96／112）、98％（98／100）,阳性预测值为77％（17／22）、100％（23／23）,阴性预测值为88％（79／90）、97％（75／77）;两者间比较差异有统计学意义,灵敏度：χ^2=6．98,P〈0．01,特异性：χ^2=4．61,P〈0．05,准确性：χ^2=10．30,P〈0．01,阳性预测值：χ^2=5．88,P〈0．05,阴性预测值：χ^2=5．36,P〈0．05。结论^99Tc^m—MIBI SPECT结合定位CT显像对功能亢进异位甲状旁腺的定位诊断优于常规CT,但存在一定的假阴性。     

乳腺癌及腋淋巴结转移^99Tc^m—tetrofosmin与^99Tc^m—MIBI显像的对比研究

目的 研究^99Tc^m-tetrofosmin和^99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈（MIBI）显像诊断乳腺癌和腋淋巴结转移的临床价值。方法 对52例乳腺肿瘤患者进行^99Tc^m-tetrofosmint和^99Tc^m-MIBI显像。患者均为2周内行外科手术治疗,并做病理检查。结果 26例患者病理检查证实为乳腺癌,其中30例为良性病变。^99Tc^m-tetrofosmin显像发现乳腺癌21例,其中11例合并腋淋巴结转移;^99Tc^m-MIBI显像发现乳腺癌19例,其中12例合并腋淋巴结转移。^99Tc^m-tetrofosmin和^99Tc^m-MIBI显像对乳腺癌诊断的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为80．8％、76．7％、78．6％和73．1％、73．3％、73．2％;诊断腋淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为68．8％、80．0％、76．0％和75．0％、80．0％、76．9％。结论 ^99Tc^m-tetrofosmin显像对乳腺癌的检出优于^99Tc^m-MIBI显像。     

核素骨显像异常表现的甲状旁腺腺瘤一例

核素骨显像异常表现的甲状旁腺腺瘤一例李伟，陈雅清，屈婉莹原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进（以下简称甲旁亢）临床一般依据血清钙和甲状旁腺激素（ＰＴＨ）增高而诊断．１９９３年８月本科根据１例腰腿痛患者核素骨显像所显示的特殊征象拟诊为甲旁亢而收治入院．后经９９ｍＴｃ...     

99Tcm-MIBI甲状腺显像鉴别甲状腺结节良恶性再认识

目的评价^99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈（MIBI）甲状腺亲肿瘤显像鉴别甲状腺结节良恶性的临床价值。方法106例甲状腺结节手术患者中101例先进行了甲状腺结节常^99Tc^mO4^-显像；106例患者均静脉注射^99Tc^m-MIBI 370 MBq后进行15min早期和2h延迟显像，结果与病理检查结果对比。结果13例甲状腺恶性肿瘤中的5例、93例良性结节中的23例^99Tc^m-MIBI显像阳性。^99Tc^m-MIBI显像诊断甲状腺恶性肿瘤的灵敏度为38．5％，特异性为75．3％，准确性为70．8％。甲状腺良恶性肿瘤显像的阳性率差异无显著性（x^2=0．49，P〉0．05）。结论^99Tc^m-MIBI显像不能鉴别甲状腺结节的良恶性，其临床意义有限。     

25例血清PTH升高的甲状旁腺相关疾病患者的诊断

目的 探讨血清甲状旁腺激素(PTH)升高的甲状旁腺相关疾病的核医学诊断方法和体会.方法 对25例甲状旁腺相关疾病患者进行99Tcm-MIBI SPECT双时相法甲状旁腺显像及99Tcm-亚甲基二膦酸盐(99Tcm-MDP)全身骨静态显像法显像,同时测定血清PTH和血清钙、磷及碱性磷酸酶含量.结果 ①原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进(PHPT)和继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进(SHPT)者血清PTH水平呈不同程度升高,其中PHPT较明显.②PHPT和SHPT患者手术前后PTH水平的变化明显,t分别为6.24和6.85,P均＜0.01;③PHPT患者全身骨显像常呈典型的代谢性骨病骨显像特点,甲状旁腺99Tcm-MIBI双时相显影阳性率为90%以上;④SHPT患者全身骨显像表现多样,常因血本底偏高,骨/组织放射性计数值降低,使骨显像的清晰度受到影响,但通常以骨摄取显像剂增多为主.99Tcm-MIBI双时相甲状旁腺显像多有不同程度的甲状旁腺增生,达56%以上.结论 甲状旁腺、全身骨SPECT检查结合血清PTH水平测定的方法对甲状旁腺相关疾病的诊断及指导治疗具有很高的临床应用价值.     

99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT融合断层显像在甲状旁腺功能亢进症中的应用价值

目的评价99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT双时相融合断层显像在原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症（PHPT）与继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症（SHPT）中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析97例（PHPT 28例,SHPT 69例）HPT患者的99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT显像图像特征、症状、血清甲状旁腺激素（PTH）、血钙、磷及碱性磷酸酶（AKP）等结果。分析比较PHPT和SHPT两组患者的显像特点、手术病理、实验室检查以及诊断的灵敏度、特异度与临床指标之间的相关性。结果（1）99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT显像对PHPT的术前诊断灵敏度为96.55%,特异度为98.78%;对SHPT的术前诊断灵敏度为68.77%,特异度为79.17%。（2）PHPT多表现为单发病灶,而SHPT多表现为多个亢进的甲状旁腺病灶,病灶平均直径较小（Z=-2.591,P=0.010）,且容易合并钙化（χ2=9.588,P < 0.01）,差异均有统计学意义。（3）PHPT中无特殊不适主诉的患者比例明显高于SHPT中的比例（χ2=11.713,P < 0.001）,PHPT出现结石的比例高于SHPT（χ2=6.075,P < 0.001）,SHPT出现骨痛的比例高于PHPT（χ2=24.382,P < 0.01）,差异均有统计学意义;SHPT患者血清PTH和AKP水平均明显高于PHPT,差异有统计学意义（Z=-6.663、-4.326,均P < 0.001）,PHPT具有高钙低磷的特点,SHPT患者血钙正常或轻度升高,血磷明显升高。结论99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT双时相显像在PHPT患者的术前定位中有重要价值,特别是在PHPT中有极高的准确率。与PHPT相比,SHPT血清PTH、AKP水平升高更明显,多表现为多个病灶,病灶小,易合并钙化。     

甲状旁腺病灶重量对99Tcm-MIBI显像诊断灵敏度的影响

目的 探讨甲状旁腺病灶重量对99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈（MIBI）双时相平面显像及其 SPECT/CT早期断层融合显像诊断灵敏度的影响。 方法 收集2017年2月至2018年10月在昆山市第一人民医院经手术病理学确诊的甲状旁腺功能亢进患者22例,其中男性9例、女性13例,年龄28~73（50.77±8.79）岁。所有患者均于术前行99Tcm -MIBI双时相平面显像、99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT早期断层融合显像,以术后病理学结果为“金标准”。按切除的病灶重量将全部病灶分为两组,A组:病灶重量≤1.00 g,B组:病灶重量>1.00 g。采用χ2检验分析两种显像方法对不同重量组的诊断效能。 结果 22例患者中,共切除病灶58个。99Tcm-MIBI双时相平面显像对A、B两组的诊断灵敏度分别为47.83%（11/23）和84.00%（21/25）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=7.05,P=0.008）;99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT早期断层融合显像对A、B两组的诊断灵敏度分别为78.26%（18/23）和85.19%（23/27）,差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.40,P=0.525）。99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT早期断层融合显像对A组的诊断灵敏度高于99Tcm-MIBI双时相平面显像,差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.57,P=0.033）。99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT早期断层融合显像对B组的诊断灵敏度高于99Tcm-MIBI双时相平面显像,但差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.01,P=0.906）。 结论 甲状旁腺病灶重量对99Tcm-MIBI双时相平面显像诊断灵敏度有影响,当病灶重量较小时,99Tcm-MIBI双时相平面显像对其的诊断灵敏度较低;而病灶重量对99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT早期断层融合显像的诊断灵敏度无明显影响。     

99Tcm-MIBI甲状腺显像对甲状腺癌诊断价值的再评价

目的 评价99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)甲状腺显像对甲状腺癌的诊断价值.方法 167例甲状腺"冷(凉)"结节患者进行了甲状腺99Tcm-MIBI显像.所有患者均依据病理或穿刺活组织检查诊断.99Tcm-MIBI显像早期相甲状腺结节完全或部分放射性填充视为阳性,轻度或不填充视为阴性;早期相放射性浓聚区与正常组织边界分明者视为分界清楚,否则为模糊;延迟相99Tcm-MIBI从浓聚区清除慢于正常组织者视为清除慢,快于或相同者视为清除快.计算99Tcm-MIBI显像的阳性和阴性预测率,以显像阳性病灶边界模糊和放射性清除慢为标准预测甲状腺癌的发生率.结果 99Tcm-MIBI显像对甲状腺癌的阳性预测率为23.5%(19/81),对甲状腺良性病变的阴性预测率为97.7%(84/86).显像阳性者单独用边界模糊预测甲状腺痛的发生率为36.2%(17/47),单独用清除速度慢预测甲状腺癌的发生率为43.9%(18/41).若放射性浓聚区边界模糊和清除速度慢二者都有时,其预测甲状腺癌的发生率为73.9%(17/23).结论 99Tcm-MIBI甲状腺显像阴性对甲状腺良性结节具有较大的诊断价值;阳性对甲状腺癌的诊断价值不大,但如果同时结合放射性浓聚区边界模糊和清除速度慢,则可提高其诊断价值.     

Tc-99m MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy and intact parathyroid hormone levels in hyperparathyroidism

Tc-99m MIBI has been widely used to evaluate hyperparathyroidism based on increased tracer uptake in hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue. The functional status measurement of parathyroid glands with intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels is also one of the most important diagnostic studies in this disorder. The aim of the current study was to assess the relation between MIBI imaging and iPTH levels. The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with hyperparathyroidism who were referred to their department for Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphy. Sixty-five patients (24 primary and 41 secondary hyperparathyroidism) were included. The iPTH levels ranged from 66.06 to 2,836 pg/ml (normal, 10 to 55 pg/ml). Forty-two patients were MIBI positive and 23 were negative. The iPTH level in the MIBI-positive group was significantly greater than in the negative group in the primary (548 +/- 478 versus 124 +/- 45; = 0.002), secondary (1,155 +/- 692 versus 501 +/- 352; < 0.001), and overall (909 +/- 678 versus 386 +/- 341; < 0.001) groups. For the primary hyperparathyroidism group, 17 of the 24 patients were MIBI positive (71%). When iPTH levels exceeded 200 pg/ml (100%), the diagnostic sensitivity reached 100%. For the secondary hyperparathyroidism group, 25 of 41 patients (61%) were MIBI positive; 24 of 38 patients (63%) had an iPTH level greater than 200 pg/ml, 21 of 27 patients (78%) had an iPTH level greater than 500 pg/ml, and 11 of 12 patients (92%) had an iPTH value greater than 1,000 pg/ml. Tc-99m MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy showed a good correlation with iPTH level for both primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Visualization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands on Tc-99m MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy was more likely with a higher serum iPTH level in a dose-dependent manner.     

99Tcm-MIBI显像与钼靶X线对乳腺癌诊断的比较研究

目的 比较99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT显像和钼靶X线对女性乳腺癌的诊断价值。 方法 女性患者83例, 先行99Tcm-MIBI胸部SPECT/CT早期显像和延迟显像, 并以延迟显像阳性为判定标准, 再行乳腺钼靶X线摄影, 并与最终的病理结果进行对照。 结果 延迟显像的阳性患者为52例(T/NT值>3.33), 阳性与阴性病灶的早期、延迟显像分别比较, 差异均有统计学意义, 且以延时2 h结果更为显著, 最终病理结果证实45例为恶性病灶。99Tcm-MIBI显像结果的灵敏度为93.33%、特异度为73.68%、阳性预测值为80.77%、阴性预测值为90.32%;而钼靶X线对于相同病灶的灵敏度、特异度分别为64.44%、73.68%, 阳性、阴性预测值分别为74.36%、63.63%。99Tcm-MIBI显像对乳腺癌诊断价值优于钼靶X线(χ2=4.11, P < 0.05), 但两种方法的一致性较差(Kappa=0.217, P < 0.05)。 结论 99Tcm-MIBI显像较之钼靶X线的结果判定更为客观, 而两种方法同时运用则能提高乳腺癌的检出率, 显著提高影像学对于乳腺癌的早期诊断。     

99Tcm-MIBI scintimammography in 300 consecutive patients: factors that may affect accuracy

We evaluated the diagnostic yield of 99Tcm-MIBI scintimammography in a relatively large series of consecutive patients referred for breast surgery on the basis of physical examination or mammogram. 99Tcm-MIBI uptake was correlated to tumour size, receptor status, neovascularity, proliferating activity, P-170 glycoprotein expression and the patient's gonadal state. Three hundred consecutive patients referred to our institution, with either a positive mammogram or a palpable mass, were entered into the study. All patients underwent 99Tcm-MIBI scintimammography. Pathological status was obtained after surgery in all patients. Breast cancer was diagnosed in 218 (73%) patients. The MIBI scan was positive in 89% (194/218) cancer patients and in 17% (14/82) of patients with benign masses (false-positives); the scan was negative in 24 (11%) cancer patients (false-negatives). The sensitivity of MIBI scintigraphy was higher for tumours > 1 cm (95 vs 48% in lesions < or = 1 cm) and in pre-menopausal women (95 vs 85%). Conversely, the specificity was better for lesions < 1 cm (100%) and in post-menopausal women (89%). The positive predictive value of MIBI scan was good both in small (< 1 cm) and large tumours (100% and 93%, respectively) and slightly modified by gonadal state (89% and 96% in pre- and post-menopausal state). The negative predictive value was unsatisfactory, especially in small tumours and in older patients. The diagnostic performance increased stratifying data for tumour size, indicating that lesion size is a major determinant in the diagnostic accuracy of MIBI scintimammography. We conclude that 99Tcm-MIBI scintimammography is useful in the diagnostic evaluation of young patients, because it can select patients for further invasive diagnostic procedures. In older patients, a positive 99Tcm-MIBI scan is highly suggestive of malignancy and might be an indication for surgery. In the case of a negative scan, biopsy is advisable given the poor negative predictive value. Small tumour size and a well-differentiated histotype characterize false-negative cases.     

Preoperative evaluation of hyperparathyroidism: the role of dual-phase parathyroid scintigraphy and ultrasound imaging

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dual-phase 99mTc-methoxyisobutylnitrile (MIBI) parathyroid scintigraphy (PS) and ultrasound (US) in primary (pHPT) and secondary (sHPT) hyperparathyroidism. Methods A total of 69 patients (mean age 47 ± 16; age range 14–79 years), including 19 patients with sHPT were enrolled in this study. Preoperative serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels, calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), alkaline phosphatase, and 24-h urinary-free Ca measurements were obtained. Concomitant thyroid pathology was also recorded. Results Histopathology revealed 30 solitary adenomas and 71 hyperplastic glands in 55 patients. The remaining patients’ histopathology revealed normal parathyroid, thyroid, or lymph nodes. The sensitivities of MIBI and US in pHPT were 70% and 60%, respectively. It was 60% for both procedures in sHPT. The overall sensitivity of combined US + MIBI in pHPT and sHPT was 81% and 71%, respectively. The overall specificity of MIBI and US was 87% and 91%; positive predictive value (PPV) was 94% and 92%, respectively. MIBI and US identified the parathyroid pathology in 92% and 85% of patients in the non-concomitant thyroid disease group, and in 53% and 47% of patients in the concomitant thyroid disease group, respectively. The weight of the gland between primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism did not reveal a significant difference (P = 0.4). Significant differences were found with respect to age, PTH, Ca, and P levels between the pHPT and sHPT (P < 0.001). Intact PTH levels showed significant differences between MIBI positive and negative patients (P = 0.013), and also US positive and negative patients (P = 0.012). A significant negative correlation was found between iPTH and Ca at sHPT (P < 0.001). Conclusions The concomitancy of thyroid disease greatly influences scintigraphic and ultrasonographic detection of parathyroid pathology in pHPT and sHPT. The combination of MIBI and US appears promising for localizing parathyroid pathology in patients with both primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. The concordance rate is high together with a lower chance of missing concomitant thyroid pathology, which might alter the surgical approach.