铸造工艺对K424合金涡轮组织和性能的影响

研究了不同铸造工艺对K424合金涡轮铸件组织和性能的影响,实验结果表明:浇注温度和模壳温度越高,铸件晶粒越大,越容易在靠近浇口部位产生缩孔缺陷;反之,晶粒越小,组织越均匀,铸件成型和补缩越困难,内部显微疏松越严重,力学性能波动越大;通过采用一定的强化控制凝固冷却措施,有利于涡轮铸件轮盘部位的凝固补缩.当模壳温度为950℃、浇注温度为1470℃,并采用适当的强化控制凝固冷却措施时,K424合金涡轮铸件获得较理想的显微组织、优良的综合力学性能.     

反重力铸造对高强度铝合金凝固组织影响的研究

采用反重力铸造方法生产高强度铝合金铸件已成为航空、航天领域内获得优质构件的重要途径。研究了反重力铸造对高强度铝合金ZL114A和ZL205A铸件凝固组织的影响。结果表明,合金的凝固组织存在着不同的位置效应,对于ZL114A合金铸件,冷端晶粒尺寸最小,靠近浇口处晶粒尺寸粗大。对于ZL205A合金铸件,随距浇口处距离的减少,枝晶间分布的网格状θ(A l2Cu)相逐渐由粗变细,α(Al)枝晶内分布的黑色点状T(Al12CuMn2)相逐渐减少。分析表明,在反重力铸造补缩压力相同的情况下,合金的凝固温度范围不同是造成凝固组织不同位置效应的主要原因。     

镁合金挤压铸造凝固过程数值模拟

利用有限元法对镁合金挤压铸造凝固过程进行数值模拟,分析了铸件的凝固收缩和凝固时间,预测铸件可能发生缺陷的位置,对比挤压压力对铸件缺陷的影响。 结果发现,与重力铸造相比,挤压铸造的凝固收缩小,铸件在挤压铸造的压力作用下可缩短凝固时间;缺陷模拟结果与实验相符,加大挤压铸造压力有助于减少缺陷的产生。     

Monel合金蝶板的成型工艺及力学性能

为解决Monel M30C合金蝶板铸件常见的疏松、缩孔、气孔缺陷问题,对Monel M30C合金铸造DN250蝶板和DN350蝶板的铸造工艺、铸型及力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:采用铸出孔,球冒口水平补缩精铸工艺,是DN250及其以下蝶板批量生产的首选精密铸造工艺方案;采用缝隙式内浇口,综合使用顶冒口和冷铁的垂直浇注工艺,是DN350及其以上蝶板批量生产的首选砂型铸造工艺方案;楔形金属铸型浇注的试样,其力学性能符合ASTM A494--2009要求,建议采用楔形金属铸型浇注试样。     

铝(镁)合金消失模铸造近净成形技术研究进展

阐述了铝(镁)合金消失模铸造技术的研究现状,着重介绍了铝(镁)合金消失模铸造在金属液充型、振动凝固、压力凝固以及消失模壳型铸造等技术方面的最新研究进展。研究表明,铝(镁)合金在消失模铸造过程中,需重点解决针孔、缩松等缺陷,提高液态合金的充型能力和铸件的力学性能;通过采用振动凝固和压力凝固的手段,可以提高金属液充型能力、细化组织、提高组织致密性,明显提高铸件力学性能。真空低压消失模壳型铸造技术,可以解决普通消失模铸造易于出现的孔洞和夹杂等缺陷以及浇不足和浇注温度高等问题,是一种生产复杂薄壁高质量铝、镁合金精密铸件的新方法。     

Evolvement of Microstructure of Microcastings by Micro Precision Casting Based on Metal Mold

使用基于金属型的微精密铸造工艺成形了微米尺度的三维复杂的Zn-4Al合金微齿轮铸件, 观察了微铸件显微组织的演变规律. 结果表明, 与常规铸件相比, 微铸件表现出典型的快冷非平衡凝固特征, 晶粒显著细化, 最小的晶粒尺寸仅为常规铸件的1/20左右; 而且共晶组织的形态发生转变, 由平衡凝固时的层片状转变为棒状, 初生相β-Zn的比例提高, 其主要原因是微铸件尺寸引起的冷却速度的提高.     

金属型微铸造工艺成形微铸件的组织演变

使用基于金属型的微精密铸造工艺成形了微米尺度的三维复杂的Zn-4Al合金微齿轮铸件,观察了微铸件显微组织的演变规律.结果表明,与常规铸件相比,微铸件表现出典型的快冷非平衡凝固特征,晶粒显著细化,最小的晶粒尺寸仅为常规铸件的1/20左右;而且共晶组织的形态发生转变,由平衡凝固时的层片状转变为棒状,初生相β-Zn的比例提高,其主要原因是微铸件尺寸引起的冷却速度的提高.     

柴油机铝合金活塞铸造工艺数值模拟研究

目的优化柴油机铝合金活塞的砂型重力铸造工艺。方法采用MAGMASOFT铸造仿真软件对ZL109铝合金活塞铸造工艺进行了仿真预测,分析了铸件充型凝固过程的速度场和温度场,并预测了缩孔、缩松等铸造缺陷,在此基础上优化了浇注系统和铸造工艺参数。结果铸件充型过程中内浇道金属液流速最高,液面沿铸件外壁平稳上升,整体充型过程平稳有序,铸件整体温度分布为从下到上依次降低;凝固过程铸件自下而上顺序凝固,但冒口部分凝固速度过快,导致铸件顶部和右上部出现缩松、缩孔缺陷;通过增设冒口、降低浇注速度等工艺措施后,实现了铸件的顺序凝固,补缩效果明显,铸件可能发生缩孔、缩松缺陷的位置已由顶部转至顶冒口和侧冒口等区域。结论利用铸造仿真软件预测铸件工艺上的缺陷,对铸造工艺进行优化及改进,能有效预防铸件缺陷的产生,提高铸件的工艺出品率,降低生产成本。     

铝合金汽车转向节精密铸造工艺研究

目的 对某铝合金汽车转向节的精密铸造工艺进行设计与优化研究,以得到合格的铝合金汽车转向节的精密铸造工艺方案。方法 结合铝合金转向节铸件的结构特征、铸件材料特性和铸造经验,在转向节铸件主体部和鹅颈部各开设一个内浇口,设计了铝合金转向节初始浇注方案;通过在初始工艺方案中铸件缺陷较严重的区域设置补缩冒口、在铸件顶部增设排气道等措施给出了铝合金汽车转向节的优化浇注方案,基于ProCAST软件建立了铝合金转向节精密铸造2种浇注方案的有限元模型,对铝合金转向节精密铸造的充型过程、凝固过程及缩孔缩松特性进行了数值模拟与分析。结果 铝合金转向节铸件初始浇注方案的充型过程相对稳定流畅,铸件在凝固过程中有孤立液相区的形成,完全凝固后铸件中间部位存在大面积缩松缩孔缺陷;优化浇注方案能够控制金属液的流动、充型顺序及凝固特性,铸件的整个凝固过程基本呈中间对称分布,最后凝固区域位于补缩冒口内部,最大缩孔缩松率控制在2%以下。结论 优化浇注方案的设计合理且有效,能够有效地消除铝合金转向节铸件的缺陷。     

不同工艺下ZTC4钛合金铸件微观组织研究

目的 研究不同浇注工艺下ZTC4大型薄壁复杂结构铸件各部位组织的差异。方法 对大型复杂钛合金铸件结构进行分析,确定选取3种不同浇注工艺参数下典型铸件的厚大区、中厚区、薄壁区和厚薄转接区为研究对象,通过铸造钛合金β晶粒及α片层间距定量分析方法,对ZTC4钛合金铸件微观组织进行定量化检测,分析了铸造钛合金不同位置试样的β晶粒尺寸及α片层间距。结果 铸件各部分的β晶粒尺寸、α片层间距与铸件壁厚相关,随着试样厚度的增加,其β晶粒尺寸、α片层间距呈线性增大的趋势;对比不同工艺下1#,2#,3#铸件在相同位置处试样的β晶粒尺寸,发现2#铸件试样的β晶粒尺寸均存在明显的晶粒粗大现象。结论 通过铸造工艺可以调节改善钛合金铸件微观组织。     

Investigation on Structure and Properties of Brass Casting

In this work, alpha (α) brass was poured in green sand mould and metallic chill mould at about 1050℃. Sand casting method and metallic chill casting method are representing the slow and fast cooling rates of the castings, respectively. The slow cooling rate in the sand mould produces larger grains, while the metallic chill mould produces smaller grains in the castings. As the grain size decreases, the strength of the cast brass increases; micro-porosity in the casting decreases and the tendency for the casting to fracture during solidification decreases. Thus, the faster cooling rate casting offers higher strength, density and hardness compared to the slow cooling rate casting.     

Density and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Lost Foam Casting by Pressurization during Solidification

Porosity is thought to be severe in aluminum alloy castings produced by lost foam process due to the pyrolysis of the polystyrene foam pattern during pouring, which results in detrimental effect in mechanical property. The slow solidification rate promotes the formation of gassing pin holes, and relative weakness of the thermal gradients can cause micro-shrinkage if the outline of the part complicates feeding in the lost foam casting. One of the methods to eliminate the porosity is to apply high pressure to the molten metal like an isostatic forging during solidification. Fundamental experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of the external pressure on the porosity and mechanical properties of A356.2 alloy bar in the lost foam casting. Solidification time and porosity decreased with increasing the applied pressure during solidification. Applying external pressure was effective in decreasing the porosity and increasing the elongation of the lost foam casting.     

用铸渗工艺对消失模铸件件进行表面合金化的研究

利用干砂消失模铸造工艺,对铸铁件表面合金化铸渗机理进行了研究,通过建立数学模型,对铸渗过程中铁水传输进行了理论分析,给出了铸渗量与浇口的大气压力、铁水静压力、渣液阻力及附加压力的关系,提出了铸渗量大小主要取决于铸渗孔道半径的新观点,用正交试验对合金涂层中合金粉粒度,合金粉加入量、溶剂加入量及涂层中聚苯乙烯泡沫加入量等进行了考证,得出最佳工艺配方为：合金粉粒度75－100目,泡沫加入量30％－50％（ψ（B））;溶剂加入量4％,在配制涂料时,适当加入一定量泡沫珠粒,有利于母液透,这与理论推导结果相符,易获得3mm以上合金层厚度,合金层具有珠江体基体及大量M7C3碳化物,并且有高硬度及高抗磨性。     

Effect of Process Parameters on Porosity in Aluminum Lost Foam Process

1.IntroductionLost foam casting process is still a new technology,and is gaining confidence among manufacturers[1].It isexpected to dramatically improve the competitiveness ofthe foundry industry.Many advantages like eliminatingmachining steps,making complex casting without coresand reducing environmental loads can be offered by thisprocess,because molding binder is not added into themold of the lost foam process.Aluminum alloy castings are widely used in the auto-mobile and aerospace industri…     

Estimation of air gap and heat transfer coefficient at different faces of Al and Al–Si castings solidifying in permanent mould

Abstract

In the casting processes, the heat transfer coefficient at the metal/mould interface is an important controlling factor for the solidification rate and the resulting structure and mechanical properties. Several factors interact to determine its value, among which are the type of metal/alloy, the mould material and surface conditions, the mould and pouring temperatures, casting configuration, and the type of gases at the interfacial air gap formed. It is also time dependent. In this work, the air gap formation was computed using a numerical model of solidification, taking into consideration the shrinkage and expansion of the metal and mould, gas film formation, and the metallostatic pressure. The variation of the air gap formation and heat transfer coefficient at the metal mould interface are studied at the top, bottom, and side surfaces of Al and Al–Si castings in a permanent mould in the form of a simple rectangular parallelepiped. The results show that the air gap formation and the heat transfer coefficient are different for the different casting surfaces. The bottom surface where the metallostatic pressure makes for good contact between the metal and the mould exhibits the highest heat transfer coefficient. For the sidewalls, the air gap was found to depend on the casting thickness as the larger the thickness the larger the air gap. The air gap and heat transfer coefficient also depend on the surface roughness of the mould, the alloy type, and the melt superheat. The air gap is relatively large for low values of melt superheat. The better the surface finish, the higher the heat transfer coefficient in the first few seconds after pouring. For Al–Si alloys, the heat transfer coefficient increases with increasing Si content.     

Effects of cooling rate control during the solidification process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cast Co-Cr-Mo alloy used for surgical implants

Both dendritic structure and equiaxed grain structure are produced in cast Co-Cr-Mo alloy by control of the cooling rate of castings during the solidification process, to determine whether a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the alloy can be obtained. The different structural characteristics of the two kinds of casting are examined by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Tensile and fatigue tests as well as hardness measurement are carried out using individually cast test-pieces. Fracture surface appearance characteristics of tensile and fatigue specimens are also studied. It is concluded that the mechanical properties, including both transient and permanent properties, of the equiaxed grain structure castings obtained by fast cooling are superior to those found in the coarse dendritic structure castings.     

电磁搅拌作用下CoCrMo合金熔模铸件凝固细晶研究

目的 研究电磁搅拌对CoCrMo合金熔模铸件晶粒尺寸的影响,解决熔模铸造CoCrMo合金铸件晶粒粗大的问题。方法 将CoCrMo合金熔化后,在其凝固过程中分别施加不同工艺参数的电磁搅拌,并对其凝固后的组织进行表征分析。同时,采用有限元法对电磁搅拌在金属熔体中的电磁场和流场进行数值模拟。结果 在不同的电磁搅拌参数下,CoCrMo合金铸件凝固组织出现了不同程度的细晶效果,浇道处的细晶效果优于铸件试棒处的。铸件试棒处的晶粒尺寸最小能控制在1 mm以下,等轴晶率最高能提升至31%。数值模拟结果表明,在电磁搅拌过程中,铸件试棒的磁场、电流和洛伦兹力都呈周期性变化,铸件试棒内部的流速随搅拌时间的延长而增大,最后趋于稳定。结论 电磁搅拌对CoCrMo合金的凝固组织产生了明显的细化效果,促进了柱状晶向等轴晶转变。电磁搅拌的时间越长,铸件凝固组织的细化效果越好,铸件厚大部位的细晶效果越显著。结合实验结果和数值模拟结果发现,在电磁搅拌过程中,熔体流动引发枝晶断裂是晶粒细化的主要原因,而电磁场促进异质形核为次要原因。     

Effect of solidification conditions on microstructure,mechanical and wear properties of Mg–5Al–3Ca–0.12Sr magnesium alloy

In the present study, the microstructure, mechanical and wear properties of AXJ530 alloy under different solidification condition were investigated. AXJ530 alloys were cast in a multi-step permanent mould casting (PMC) with five different cooling rates, and also in high pressure die casting (HPDC). The effect of cooling rate was determined for the room temperature mechanical properties and the dry sliding wear resistance of the AXJ530 alloys. The results showed that grain size of AXJ530 alloy was refined and thinner lamellar eutectic phase formed at higher cooling rate. It was concluded that these changes led to the observed concurrent increases in ultimate tensile strength (σ_uts), yield strength (σ_0.2) and elongation (δ) of the AXJ530 alloy. The relationship between grain size and yield strength/hardness agreed with Hall–Patch behavior. The dry sliding wear rate of the PMC specimens decreased with increasing of cooling rate, but micro-porosity/inclusion in the HPDC specimen decreased its wear resistance properties. Abrasion was determined to be the dominant wear mechanism for the AXJ530 alloys.     

高强度ZL205A铝合金飞机挂架铸造工艺

根据某飞机挂架在结构特点和使用要求,结合高强度铝合金ZL250A的工艺特性,分析和讨论ZL205A合金飞机挂架的砂型铸和工艺。结果表明：立式浇注位置设计,可保证挂架整体性能、成分均匀合理：帖面冷铁式半金属型激冷,配以合理冒口补缩,保证铸位组织致密,性能优良; 直浇道、横浇道和内浇道截面比为1：3：5,并配合带缓冲结构的合理缝隙,可保证型腔内液面上升平稳,减少铸件内部二次氧化夹杂和混入性气体;砂芯整体设计,可保证挂架尺寸的稳定。