血清microRNA-122与肥胖儿童胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的 研究肥胖儿童血清microRNA-122（miR-122）与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法 选取47例7~14岁重度肥胖儿童为肥胖组,另选取与肥胖组性别及年龄匹配的正常体重健康儿童45例作为健康对照组,分别检测并记录两组儿童的身高、体重、腰围、臀围、空腹血糖（FBG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、游离脂肪酸（FFA）、白介素-6（IL-6）、miR-122水平,计算体重指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）,并进行统计分析。结果 与健康对照组相比,肥胖组儿童身高、体重、BMI、WHR及FINS、HOMA-IR、TG、FFA、IL-6、miR-122水平均升高（P < 0.05）;肥胖组miR-122水平与FINS、HOMA-IR、IL-6水平呈正相关（分别r=0.408、0.442、0.464,P < 0.05）;miR-122的变化与IL-6有线性回归关系,且呈正相关（b'=0.318,P < 0.05）。结论 肥胖儿童血清miR-122可能与胰岛素抵抗相关,具体机制尚需进一步研究。     

肥胖儿童脂肪肝与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的了解肥胖儿童非酒精性脂肪肝(NASH)的发病情况及与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法对125例肥胖儿童行肝脏B超检查及血生化检查;对其中36例肥胖伴NASH儿童和41例无并发症的单纯肥胖儿童,以及22例对照儿童空腹行口服葡萄糖耐量和胰岛素释放试验,计算体重指数(BMI)、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA蛳IR)、总体胰岛素敏感指数(WBISI)和葡萄糖、胰岛素曲线下面积之比(AUCINS/AUCBG)。结果NASH在肥胖儿童中的发生率为28.8%;NASH组BMI、HOMA蛳IR、AUCINS/AUCBG均明显高于单纯肥胖组和对照组熏WBISI明显低于单纯肥胖组和对照组;单纯肥胖组HOMA蛳IR、AUCINS/AUCBG均明显高于对照组。结论肥胖儿童中NASH发生率较高;NASH儿童存在严重的胰岛素抵抗,胰岛素抵抗可能是NASH重要发病机制之一。     

Ghrelin与肥胖和胰岛素抵抗的关系

Ghrelin是一种新型的脑-肠肽,具有促进生长激素分泌,增进食欲,参与调节能量平衡,引起肥胖的作用.它主要通过促进食欲、加快胃排空、降低机体基础代谢率、增加呼吸商等途径引起正能量平衡,导致肥胖.此外,ghrelin水平在餐前上升,餐后下降,这种对进食起始和结束的潜在作用与胰岛素的分泌节律恰好相反.空腹ghrelin水平和口服葡萄糖耐量试验中ghrelin的抑制均受胰岛素敏感性的调节.Ghrelin与胰岛素抵抗两者的确切关系尚有待进一步研究.     

儿童单纯性肥胖与胰岛素抵抗综合征危险因素的关系

目的 探讨儿童单纯性肥胖与胰岛素抵抗综合征危险因素的关系.方法 单纯性肥胖患儿50例为肥胖组(男23例,女27例),选取同期健康儿童30例为健康对照组(男14例,女16例).对每位对象采用同一磅秤标准方法 测量其身高、体质量,并计算其体质量指数(BMI).血压测定采用儿童标准血压测定法获得.采用发光免疫法、快速测血糖法分别对2组儿童的血糖、血胰岛素、血脂进行检测,计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IRI)、胰岛素敏感指数(HOMA-ISI),并应用SPSS 12.0软件进行统计学分析.结果 肥胖组儿童HOMA-IRI、舒张压与健康对照组比较均显著增高(t=3.939,3.278 P_＜0.01);收缩压、三酰甘油与健康对照组比较均显著增高(t=2.536,2.573 Pa＜0.05);HOMA-ISI、高密度脂蛋白均显著低于健康对照组(t=-4.750 P＜0.01,t=-2.982 P＜0.05).肥胖组儿童BMI与HOMA-IRI呈显著正相关(r=0.294 P＜0.05).结论 儿童单纯性肥胖与胰岛素抵抗综合征危险因素密切相关,儿童期积极开展对肥胖的干预,对预防和控制成年期诸多慢性疾病的发生有重要意义.     

单纯性肥胖患儿胰岛素抵抗与血脂的关系

目的探讨单纯性肥胖(肥胖)患儿胰岛素抵抗与血脂的关系。方法选取肥胖患儿50例为肥胖组(男23例,女27例),同期健康儿童30例为健康对照组(男14例,女16例)。对每位对象采用同一磅秤标准,测量其身高、体质量,并计算其体质量指数(BMI)。采用儿童标准血压测定法测定2组儿童血压。采用发光免疫法、快速测血糖法分别对2组儿童的血糖、血胰岛素、血脂进行检测,并计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、胰岛素敏感指数(HOMA-ISI)、胰岛素和葡萄糖曲线下的面积比值反映组织对胰岛素的敏感性(AUC)、肝脏组织对胰岛素的敏感性(FINS/FBG),并应用SPSS12.0软件进行统计学分析。结果与健康对照组比较,肥胖组患儿HOMA-IR、AUC、FINS/FBG均显著增高(t=3.939、6.314、3.723,Pa<0.01),空腹三酰甘油(TG)亦显著增高(t=2.573,P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白(HLD)、HOMA-ISI显著低于健康对照组(t=-2.982、-4.75,P<0.05、0.01)。多因素Pear-son相关分析显示,肥胖组TG与HOMA-IR、AUC、FINS/FBG呈显著正相关(r=0....     

胰岛素抵抗与单纯性肥胖

通过１７名单纯性肥胖儿童口服葡萄糖耐量试验发现，服糖后２小时血糖未能降至正常水平，差异显著。提示单纯性肥胖儿童有轻度糖耐量异常、高胰岛素血症和胰岛素抵抗。其机制由于胰岛细胞分泌增多外，还与服糖后肝对胰岛素降解减少有关。     

Ghrelin与肥胖和胰岛素抵抗的关系

Ghrelin是一种新型的脑-肠肽,具有促进生长激素分泌,增进食欲,参与调节能量平衡,引起肥胖的作用。它主要通过促进食欲、加快胃排空、降低机体基础代谢率、增加呼吸商等途径引起正能量平衡, 导致肥胖。此外,ghrelin水平在餐前上升,餐后下降,这种对进食起始和结束的潜在作用与胰岛素的分泌节律恰好相反。空腹ghrelin水平和口服葡萄糖耐量试验中ghrelin的抑制均受胰岛素敏感性的调节。Chrelin 与胰岛素抵抗两者的确切关系尚有待进一步研究。     

循环Alarin在肥胖儿童中的水平及与胰岛素抵抗的相关性

目的 本研究拟探讨循环Alarin在肥胖儿童中的表达水平及与代谢参数的关系。方法 招募体重指数（BMI）高于第95百分位数的肥胖儿童86例为肥胖组,82例年龄和性别与肥胖组匹配的BMI低于第85百分位数的健康儿童作为健康对照组。根据是否发生胰岛素抵抗（IR）,将86例肥胖组儿童分为IR组（n=27）和非IR组（n=59）。测量身高、体重、收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（SDP）,并计算体重指数（BMI）。检测总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、尿酸（UA）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）及空腹血糖（FBG）水平,并计算葡萄糖和胰岛素曲线下面积（AUC）、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）、全身胰岛素敏感性指标（WBISI）。ELISA法检测循环Alarin水平。结果 肥胖组儿童循环Alarin水平较健康对照组显著升高,IR组儿童循环Alarin水平较非IR组显著升高（P < 0.01）。循环Alarin与BMI、TG、FBG、AUC_葡萄糖、AUC_胰岛素、HOMA-IR呈正相关,与WBISI呈负相关（P < 0.05）。循环Alarin的变化与BMI、FBG、HOMA-IR有线性回归关系,其中HOMA-IR对循环Alarin的影响最大（P < 0.05）。结论 循环Alarin水平在肥胖儿童中显著升高,可能与肥胖和IR的发生有关。     

肥胖症儿童血清抵抗素水平与胰岛素抵抗关系的研究

目的探讨肥胖症儿童血清抵抗素水平与高胰岛素血症和(或)胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法采用酶联免疫法测定34例肥胖儿童,31例正常对照的血清抵抗素水平。分析血清抵抗素与体重指数、体脂百分比、腰臀比及空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素水平、胰岛素抵抗指数、胰岛β细胞功能指数的相关关系。结果(1)肥胖组及对照组抵抗素浓度(对数转换值3.1±0.5)高于对照组(对数转换值2.7±0.8)(P<0.05)。(2)抵抗素与性别、年龄、收缩压、舒张压无相关关系;与体重指数、体脂百分比、腰臀比呈正相关(相关系数分别为r=0.299、0.304、0.322,P<0.01);与空腹血糖及空腹胰岛素水平呈正相关(相关系数为r=0.299和r=0.303,P<0.05);与胰岛素抵抗指数呈正相关(r=0.324,P<0.01),与胰岛β细胞功能指数无相关关系。(3)多元逐步回归分析表明,胰岛素抵抗指数为影响抵抗素最为显著的因素(R2=0.105);标准化偏回归系数0.279(P<0.01)。结论肥胖症儿童血清抵抗素水平较正常儿童增高,并与肥胖程度,脂肪分布密切相关。抵抗素可能与肥胖症儿童发生高胰岛素血症和(或)胰岛素抵抗有关。     

不同指标在评价肥胖儿童胰岛素抵抗中的价值

目的探讨单纯性肥胖儿童胰岛素抵抗临床评估的指标。方法对单纯性肥胖和正常对照儿童进行葡萄糖耐量试验和胰岛素释放试验,在试验前及试验后30、60、120、180 min分别测血糖和胰岛素,并计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、敏感指数(HOMA-IAI)、胰岛素分泌功能(HOMA-IS)、血糖曲线下面积与胰岛素曲线下面积比及空腹血糖和空腹胰岛紊的比值(FBG/FINS)等胰岛素抵抗评价指标。结果肥胖组FINS明显高于对照组,FBG、HOMA-IS与对照组无显著差异。HOMA-IR和HOMA-IAI之间具有显著相关性,r为-1,与FINS的r分别为0.913和-0.913,与FBG/FINS的r分别为-0.889和0.889,与曲线下面积比的r分别为-0.523和-0.523,P均<0.01。结论FINS、HOMA-IR、HOMA-IAI、血糖与胰岛素曲线下面积比、FBG/FINS均适用于肥胖儿童胰岛素抵抗的评估,尤以FINS、HOMA-IR、HOMA-IAI更可取。     

Cardiovascular Hemodynamics: Relationships with Insulin Resistance in Obese Children

We investigated blood pressure (BP), cardiac output (CO), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and their relationships with insulin and glucose blood levels in a group of 24 obese children (mean age, 11.9 ± 2.1 years; 19 males). The data were compared to those obtained from a group of 19 healthy controls of the same age (12.4 ± 2.1 years; p = NS; 13 males). BP at rest was measured and all subjects underwent an exercise testing on the treadmill (Bruce Prot.), time of exercise, maximal heart rate, maximum systolic blood pressure, CO, and SVR at rest and at peak exercise were considered. Only in the OC group were an oral glucose tolerance test were performed to calculate insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and echocardiography performed to determine the left ventricular mass (LVM). The relationships between cardiovascular and metabolic parameters were investigated. Students t-test and linear regression analysis were used when appropriate. OC had a significant reduction in TE and higher BP, and linear regression analysis showed significant correlations between BP, ISI, and LVM. We speculate that OC need a regular cardiovascular and metabolic screening to prevent the development of early cardiovascular damage.     

应激状态下危重症患儿胰岛功能及胰岛素抵抗指数的变化

目的探讨危重症患儿应激状态下糖代谢与胰岛功能及胰岛素抵抗指数(IR)的关系。方法应用放射免疫法对危重症(30例)和正常对照组(30例)测空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、空腹C肽(FCP)、胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI)、IR和空腹细胞功能指数(FBCI)等参数,并进行统计学处理。结果观察组FBG与对照组比较有显著差异(P<0.001),观察组FINS 显著高于对照组(P<0.001),观察组FCP与对照组比较有显著差异(P<0.001);观察组FBCI与对照组比较无明显差异(P> 0.05);对照组ISI明显高于观察组(P<0.01);观察组IR明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论危重症患儿出现胰岛素抵抗,对胰岛素敏感性减低,IR增加,是危重患儿糖代谢紊乱的重要原因。     

单纯性肥胖儿童血清胰岛素水平与瘦素、肿瘤坏死因子-α的关系

目的探讨单纯性肥胖儿童血清胰岛素水平与瘦素（LP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的关系。方法肥胖儿童47例依据空腹血清胰岛素和空腹血糖水平,分为高胰岛素血症组（HIG）23例。男16例,女7例;年龄（11.3±2.0）岁。正常胰岛素水平组（NIG）24例。男15例,女9例;年龄（11.8±2.7）岁。并选取同年龄段非肥胖正常儿童10例为健康对照组（NCG）。测量各组身高、体质量、腰围等,检测空腹血清胰岛素（FINS）、LP及TNF-α水平,并计算相关指标,分析它们之间的关系。结果1.HIG组BMI、腰围、臀围、腰臂比（WHR）、LP、TNF-α、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）明显高于NIG组及NCG组（Pa〈0.05,0.01）;胰岛素敏感指数（HOMA-IAI）低于NIG和NCG组（P〈0.05,0.01）;2.与NCG组比较,NIG组BMI、腰围、臀围、WHR、LP、HOMA-IR明显增高（Pa〈0.05,0.01）,HOMA-IAI显著降低（P〈0.05）,TNF-α、空腹血糖（FBG）比较差异不显著（Pa〉0.05）;3.HIG组FINS与LP、TNF-α、HOMA-IR分别呈显著正相关（r=0.560,0.413,0.846 P〈0.01,0.05,0.01）,与HOMA-IAI呈显著负相关（r=-0.823P〈0.01）,与血糖无相关性。LP、TNF-α与IR独立相关。结论肥胖患儿血清胰岛素水平与LP、TNF-α密切相关,LP、TNF-α致胰岛素抵抗可能是肥胖患儿高胰岛素血症的原因之一。     

Insulin Resistance during Puberty in Non-obese Japanese Children

We examined whether non-obese Japanese children without diabetes exhibited insulin resistance during puberty. The study subjects were 201 Japanese school students, consisting 95 males and 106 females, aged 11.5 ± 2.6 yr. None of the subjects were obese, with the mean percent of overweight being 0.7 ± 10.5%, or had diabetes at the time of the study. Overnight fasting plasma values of insulin (FIRI) and HOMA-R were measured, with concomitant measurement of the plasma glucose (FPG) levels. The mean FPG, FIRI and HOMA-R values were 89.6 ± 7.3 (70–109) mg/dl, 9.0 ± 3.6 (1.7–24.4) µU/ml and 2.0 ± 0.9 (0.3–5.2), respectively. The mean FIRI value was significantly higher in females than in males (8.3 ± 3.4 vs. 9.6 ± 3.7 µU/ml, p=0.0060). The FIRI and HOMA-R values of the pubertal students were significantly higher compared with those of the prepubertal students (FIRI, 10.0 ± 3.4 vs. 6.5 ± 2.8 µU/ml; HOMA-R, 2.3 ± 0.8 vs. 1.4 ± 0.7; p<0.0001 for both). Similar trends were observed between the two genders. The mean FIRI levels and HOMA-R values were positively correlated with age (FIRI, r=0.280, p<0.0001; HOMA-R, r=0.300, p<0.0001). In conclusion, we demonstrated that the FIRI and HOMA-R values were significantly associated with pubertal development in non-obese Japanese children without diabetes, consistent with the results of studies in white and black children.     

体格测量指标对肥胖儿童胰岛素抵抗的预测意义

目的分析体质量指数(BMI)、腰围、臀围、腰臀比(WHR)、脐旁皮褶厚度、颈部黑棘皮程度6项体格测量指标对胰岛素抵抗(IR)的预测意义,并计算出可用于临床检测的各个指标的切点。方法测量162例肥胖儿童身高、体质量、腰围、臀围,计算BMI(BMI=体质量/身高2)、WHR(WHR=腰围/臀围),并评价其颈部黑棘皮程度;测量其空腹血糖(FBG)及空腹胰岛素(FIN),通过稳态模型法(HOMA)计算IR指数(HOMA-IR)(HOMA-IR=FBG×FIN/22.5),评价胰岛素敏感性;通过ROC曲线下面积评价各项指标对IR的预测能力,并计算出相应指标的特异度及灵敏度,两者同时最大的点作为各项指标的切点。结果ROC曲线下面积(95%可信区间)、切点分别为:BMI0.778(0.684～0.872)、27.45,腰围0.800(0.718～0.883)、87.25cm,臀围0.72(0.612～0.828)、99.75cm,WHR0.698(0.601～0.796)、0.895,脐旁皮褶厚度0.781(0.684～0.878)、4.05cm,颈部黑棘皮程度0.752(0.646～0.858)、3度。结论BMI、腰围、...     

单纯性肥胖患儿非酒精性脂肪肝病与胰岛素抵抗

目的探讨单纯性肥胖(肥胖)儿童发生非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)的情况及与胰岛素抵抗(IR)、血脂、体质量指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)的关系。方法选择肥胖儿童90例,年龄2.5～14.3岁。其中NAFLD 24例(NAFLD组),无NAFLD 66例(无NAFLD组)。另选35例年龄、性别与其相匹配的健康儿童为健康对照组。清晨空腹测量其体质量、身高、腰围和臀围,计算BMI和WHR,同时静脉采血检测其血清胰岛素(FINS)、糖(FBG)、胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和ALT、AST等,计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR=FINS×FBG/22.5),并做肝胆等部位超声检查。结果 NAFLD占肥胖儿童的26.67%;NAFLD组儿童BMI、WHR最高,其次为无NAFLD组,差异均有统计学意义(Pa<0.001);3组儿童FINS和HOMA-IR值差异均有统计学意义(Pa<0.001),NAFLD组最高,其次为无NAFLD组,均明显高于健康对照组,但FBG无明显差异;NAFLD组血清TG、LDL-C和TC水平明显高于无NAFLD组和健康对照组(Pa<0.01);HOMA-IR值与BMI、WHR、血TG、LDL-C呈正相关(r=0.402、0.256、0.239、0.180,P=0.000、0.004、0.008、0.046);BMI、WHR诊断NAFLD的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积分别为0.805和0.765(Pa=0.000)。结论肥胖儿童NAFLD的发生与IR,血TG、LDL-C、TC升高及BMI、WHR增高关系密切,BMI、WHR对儿童肥胖NAFLD具有一定的诊断价值。控制体质量,减少腰围,可减轻IR,阻止NAFLD的发生、发展。     

Relation between Delayed Superfluous Insulin Secretion during An Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and Metabolic Disorders in Obese Japanese Children

The aim of this study was to clarify the relation between postprandial hyperinsulinemia and metabolic disorders in obese children. Twenty-eight obese Japanese children (8.8–16.2 yr) were divided into four groups: without impaired liver function and dyslipidemia (Group A), with impaired liver function (Group B), with dyslipidemia (Group C), and with impaired liver function and dyslipidemia (Group D). The levels of PG, serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and serum C-peptide (CPR) were measured during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The subjects had delayed superfluous insulin and CPR secretion during the OGTT compared with healthy references. In regard to the insulin secretion pattern, Group A’s response peaked at 60 min and then decreased gradually until 120 min, Group B’s response peaked at 60 min, remained at the peak until 120 min and then decreased gradually until 180 min, Group C’s response peaked at 120 min and then decreased gradually until 180 min, and Group D’s response peaked at 120 min and remained at the peak until 180 min. These results suggest that delayed superfluous insulin secretion during an OGTT is related to metabolic disorders in obese Japanese children and that these patients will experience a vicious cycle of postprandial hyperinsulinemia and metabolic disorders. It is important to prevent healthy children from becoming obese and to improve management of childhood obesity.     

Urinary C-peptide Excretion in Obese and Anorectic Children

ABSTRACT. To assess the total insulin secretion in children in different nutritional states we have analysed the 24 h urinary C-peptide excretion in 32 obese children (16 boys and 16 girls) 8–15 years of age as well as in 7 girls with anorexia nervosa 11–16 years of age. Obese children had a median urinary C-peptide excretion rate of 0.27 nmol/kg/24 h, which was not different from that of a group of normal-weight children. In the group of anorectic girls, on the other hand, the median value 0.47 nmol/kg/24 h was significantly ( p <0.05) higher than for normal-weight girls of the same age (median = 0.26 nmol/kg/24 h). These results indicate that in obese children insulin secretion, measured as the 24 h urinary C-peptide excretion per kg body weight, is the same as in normal-weight children. Total insulin secretion is consequently increased. In anorexia nervosa, on the other hand, the higher C-peptide excretion per kg body weight compared with normal-weight children, indicates that insulin secretion is increased in relation to body weight.